| Table 1.1a: Skin-to-skin contact among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015 | ||||||
| How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 1.2 | 3.5 | 12 | 83 | 0.3 | 2491 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 1.2 | 0 | 0.6 | 98.2 | 0 | 169 |
| Government hospital | 1.7 | 5.2 | 16.2 | 76.2 | 0.6 | 463 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.8 | 2.7 | 11.5 | 84.7 | 0.3 | 1530 |
| Private hospital | 2.6 | 6.8 | 14.9 | 75.7 | 0 | 309 |
| Military hospital | 0 | 0 | 10 | 90 | 0 | 20 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.5 | 2.1 | 10.4 | 87 | 0 | 192 |
| No | 1.3 | 3.8 | 13.1 | 81.4 | 0.3 | 2130 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 12.4 | 80.9 | 0.2 | 571 |
| 250-499 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 13 | 81.2 | 0.4 | 463 |
| 500-999 | 1.9 | 4.2 | 15.1 | 78.5 | 0.4 | 478 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 11.3 | 85.5 | 0.4 | 488 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.5 | 2 | 8.2 | 89.3 | 0 | 441 |
| 5000 or more | 0 | 2 | 12 | 86 | 0 | 50 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 1.7 | 4 | 12.3 | 81.5 | 0.4 | 1116 |
| Level 2 special care | 1.1 | 3.8 | 13.3 | 81.7 | 0.1 | 745 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.7 | 1.7 | 10.7 | 86.7 | 0.2 | 540 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 0 | 4.4 | 6.7 | 88.9 | 0 | 90 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.3 | 0.3 | 7.9 | 90.9 | 0.6 | 330 |
| Mountain | 0.9 | 3.4 | 9.4 | 86.3 | 0 | 234 |
| West North Central | 1.5 | 4.2 | 18.2 | 76.1 | 0 | 335 |
| East North Central | 0.5 | 2.7 | 11.3 | 85 | 0.5 | 406 |
| West South Central | 4.1 | 5.7 | 12.9 | 77.3 | 0 | 317 |
| East South Central | 1.3 | 7.6 | 13.4 | 77.1 | 0.6 | 157 |
| New England | 0.8 | 0 | 1.7 | 97.5 | 0 | 120 |
| Middle Atlantic | 1.4 | 3.7 | 11.9 | 82.1 | 0.9 | 218 |
| South Atlantic | 0.5 | 3.7 | 14.7 | 81 | 0 | 374 |
| Table 1.2a: Skin-to-skin contact among Cesarean births by hospital type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015 | ||||||
| How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 5.4 | 9.1 | 15.3 | 69.9 | 0.3 | 2298 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Government hospital | 5.7 | 10.5 | 17.9 | 65.7 | 0.2 | 458 |
| Non-profit hospital | 4.6 | 7.7 | 13.6 | 73.8 | 0.3 | 1513 |
| Private hospital | 9.1 | 14.3 | 17.9 | 58.4 | 0.3 | 308 |
| Military hospital | 0 | 5.3 | 42.1 | 52.6 | 0 | 19 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 2.1 | 10.5 | 14.7 | 72.1 | 0.5 | 190 |
| No | 5.7 | 9 | 15.3 | 69.7 | 0.3 | 2108 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 5.7 | 10.9 | 17.2 | 65.7 | 0.5 | 402 |
| 250-499 | 8.7 | 11.6 | 16.5 | 63.3 | 0 | 449 |
| 500-999 | 5.9 | 10.1 | 13.1 | 70.3 | 0.6 | 474 |
| 1000-1999 | 3.7 | 6 | 16.9 | 73.3 | 0.2 | 486 |
| 2000-4999 | 3.4 | 7.3 | 13 | 76.1 | 0.2 | 439 |
| 5000 or more | 2.1 | 8.3 | 14.6 | 75 | 0 | 48 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 6.4 | 10.6 | 16.4 | 66.1 | 0.4 | 931 |
| Level 2 special care | 5.1 | 8.9 | 13.8 | 71.9 | 0.3 | 740 |
| Level 3 NICU | 4.7 | 6.9 | 14.7 | 73.7 | 0 | 537 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 1.1 | 7.8 | 18.9 | 71.1 | 1.1 | 90 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 4.1 | 4.5 | 12.8 | 78.6 | 0 | 290 |
| Mountain | 4 | 8.4 | 14.4 | 73.3 | 0 | 202 |
| West North Central | 3.1 | 5.9 | 14.7 | 75.6 | 0.6 | 320 |
| East North Central | 2.8 | 8.7 | 12.5 | 75.7 | 0.3 | 391 |
| West South Central | 8.9 | 12.5 | 17.1 | 61.2 | 0.4 | 281 |
| East South Central | 10.5 | 13.8 | 19.7 | 55.9 | 0 | 152 |
| New England | 1.8 | 1.8 | 15 | 81.4 | 0 | 113 |
| Middle Atlantic | 6.6 | 11.4 | 12.3 | 68.7 | 0.9 | 211 |
| South Atlantic | 7.7 | 13 | 20.1 | 58.9 | 0.3 | 338 |
| Facilities not performing Cesareans are not included in these tabulations. | ||||||
| Table 1.3a: Early breastfeeding initiation among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015 | |||||
| What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 0.8 | 3.9 | 25.9 | 69.4 | 2462 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Birth center | 0.6 | 0.6 | 6.5 | 92.3 | 168 |
| Government hospital | 0.2 | 6.3 | 28.6 | 64.9 | 462 |
| Non-profit hospital | 1 | 3.4 | 26.2 | 69.4 | 1510 |
| Private hospital | 1 | 4.3 | 31.1 | 63.6 | 302 |
| Military hospital | 0 | 10 | 25 | 65 | 20 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 0.5 | 4.2 | 31.1 | 64.2 | 190 |
| No | 0.9 | 4.1 | 27 | 68 | 2104 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 1-249 | 1.6 | 4.6 | 17.1 | 76.7 | 567 |
| 250-499 | 1.1 | 3.5 | 27.7 | 67.8 | 459 |
| 500-999 | 0.6 | 5.1 | 26.1 | 68.2 | 468 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 29.6 | 67.9 | 480 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.5 | 3.9 | 30.1 | 65.6 | 439 |
| 5000 or more | 0 | 4.1 | 36.7 | 59.2 | 49 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 1 | 4.2 | 22.5 | 72.3 | 1103 |
| Level 2 special care | 1.2 | 3.3 | 27.8 | 67.7 | 733 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0 | 4.1 | 28.7 | 67.2 | 536 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 0 | 4.4 | 35.6 | 60 | 90 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 0 | 1.8 | 22.2 | 76 | 325 |
| Mountain | 0.9 | 3.9 | 22.2 | 73 | 230 |
| West North Central | 0.9 | 4.2 | 23.2 | 71.7 | 332 |
| East North Central | 0.7 | 4 | 24.2 | 71.1 | 401 |
| West South Central | 1.6 | 5.7 | 30.7 | 62 | 316 |
| East South Central | 1.9 | 7.1 | 34.2 | 56.8 | 155 |
| New England | 0.8 | 2.5 | 11.8 | 84.9 | 119 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.9 | 2.3 | 32.6 | 64.2 | 215 |
| South Atlantic | 0.3 | 3.8 | 29 | 66.9 | 369 |
| Table 1.4a: Early breastfeeding initiation among Cesarean births by hospital type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015 | |||||
| What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 2.8 | 5.9 | 23.7 | 67.6 | 2278 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Government hospital | 3.5 | 8.1 | 22 | 66.4 | 459 |
| Non-profit hospital | 2.2 | 4.9 | 23 | 69.8 | 1498 |
| Private hospital | 4.6 | 7.3 | 29.1 | 58.9 | 302 |
| Military hospital | 0 | 10.5 | 36.8 | 52.6 | 19 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 1.1 | 12.8 | 20.9 | 65.2 | 187 |
| No | 2.9 | 5.3 | 24 | 67.8 | 2091 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 1-249 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 21 | 72 | 400 |
| 250-499 | 4 | 6.1 | 25.2 | 64.7 | 445 |
| 500-999 | 2.3 | 6.2 | 21.7 | 69.7 | 469 |
| 1000-1999 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 25 | 68.8 | 480 |
| 2000-4999 | 2.3 | 8.7 | 25.9 | 63.1 | 436 |
| 5000 or more | 2.1 | 12.5 | 20.8 | 64.6 | 48 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 2.7 | 5.4 | 22.8 | 69 | 924 |
| Level 2 special care | 2.6 | 5.1 | 23.9 | 68.4 | 732 |
| Level 3 NICU | 3 | 7.5 | 25.3 | 64.2 | 533 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 3.4 | 9 | 22.5 | 65.2 | 89 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 2.1 | 4.5 | 23.6 | 69.8 | 288 |
| Mountain | 1.5 | 5 | 21.1 | 72.4 | 199 |
| West North Central | 0.9 | 2.5 | 19.1 | 77.5 | 320 |
| East North Central | 1.5 | 3.1 | 24.5 | 70.9 | 388 |
| West South Central | 5.8 | 9.7 | 25.6 | 58.8 | 277 |
| East South Central | 5.3 | 8.6 | 27.8 | 58.3 | 151 |
| New England | 0 | 0.9 | 13.4 | 85.7 | 112 |
| Middle Atlantic | 4.8 | 8.6 | 27.1 | 59.5 | 210 |
| South Atlantic | 3.3 | 9.9 | 27 | 59.8 | 333 |
| Facilities not performing Cesareans are not included in these tabulations. | |||||
| Table 1.5a: Performance of routine procedures while skin-to-skin among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015 | ||||||
| How often are routine infant procedures performed while mother & infant are skin-to-skin after uncomplicated vaginal birth | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 5.7 | 15.3 | 29.1 | 49.5 | 0.4 | 2481 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 95.2 | 0 | 167 |
| Government hospital | 7.6 | 17.1 | 31.4 | 43.7 | 0.2 | 462 |
| Non-profit hospital | 4.4 | 15.9 | 29.9 | 49.4 | 0.4 | 1523 |
| Private hospital | 12.6 | 18.1 | 34.6 | 33.7 | 1 | 309 |
| Military hospital | 0 | 5 | 40 | 55 | 0 | 20 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 3.1 | 12.5 | 27.6 | 56.8 | 0 | 192 |
| No | 6.4 | 16.7 | 31.2 | 45.3 | 0.5 | 2122 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 4.1 | 14.3 | 21.2 | 60.1 | 0.4 | 566 |
| 250-499 | 7.4 | 12.6 | 33.1 | 46.5 | 0.4 | 462 |
| 500-999 | 7.3 | 17.6 | 31.9 | 42.1 | 1 | 477 |
| 1000-1999 | 5.8 | 16.7 | 32.6 | 44.9 | 0 | 485 |
| 2000-4999 | 4.1 | 15 | 29 | 51.9 | 0 | 441 |
| 5000 or more | 6 | 18 | 22 | 52 | 2 | 50 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 5 | 13.3 | 27.4 | 53.7 | 0.5 | 1109 |
| Level 2 special care | 7.4 | 18.7 | 30.8 | 42.5 | 0.5 | 743 |
| Level 3 NICU | 4.8 | 16.3 | 29.5 | 49.2 | 0.2 | 539 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 4.4 | 4.4 | 33.3 | 57.8 | 0 | 90 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 2.1 | 9.5 | 24.1 | 63.4 | 0.9 | 328 |
| Mountain | 5.6 | 12 | 27.8 | 53.8 | 0.9 | 234 |
| West North Central | 5.4 | 14.5 | 31.6 | 47.9 | 0.6 | 332 |
| East North Central | 4.2 | 15.6 | 31.4 | 48.5 | 0.2 | 404 |
| West South Central | 10.7 | 18 | 31.9 | 39.4 | 0 | 317 |
| East South Central | 10.8 | 21.7 | 33.8 | 33.1 | 0.6 | 157 |
| New England | 0.8 | 5.1 | 18.6 | 75.4 | 0 | 118 |
| Middle Atlantic | 7.8 | 18 | 30 | 44.2 | 0 | 217 |
| South Atlantic | 4.5 | 19.5 | 28.1 | 47.6 | 0.3 | 374 |