| Table 4.1a: Separation of mother & infant during postpartum transition by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
| How many minutes are mothers & infants separated following vaginal birth in transition to recovery room | ||||||
| No separation | <30 minutes | 31-60 minutes | 61-90 minutes | >90 minutes | N | |
| All | 73.8 | 6.1 | 9.7 | 3.1 | 7.3 | 2621 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 97.6 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 165 |
| Government hospital | 64.8 | 11.7 | 11.5 | 4.0 | 8.1 | 480 |
| Non-profit hospital | 76.9 | 4.8 | 9.2 | 2.6 | 6.4 | 1609 |
| Private hospital | 57.8 | 6.7 | 15.0 | 6.2 | 14.4 | 341 |
| Military hospital | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 74.5 | 1.6 | 9.8 | 4.3 | 9.8 | 184 |
| No | 72.0 | 6.8 | 10.4 | 3.3 | 7.6 | 2272 |
| Size of facility | 76.1 | 13.0 | 6.7 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 585 |
| 1-249 | ||||||
| 250-499 | 74.6 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 2.2 | 5.6 | 465 |
| 500-999 | 71.9 | 3.5 | 11.1 | 3.9 | 9.5 | 566 |
| 1000-1999 | 73.7 | 2.5 | 10.7 | 4.5 | 8.6 | 513 |
| 2000-4999 | 71.3 | 2.5 | 11.6 | 3.7 | 10.9 | 432 |
| 5000 or more | 80.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 75.6 | 9.2 | 8.2 | 2.4 | 4.7 | 1138 |
| Level 2 special care | 72.7 | 4.8 | 10.7 | 3.6 | 8.2 | 840 |
| Level 3 NICU | 70.3 | 2.3 | 11.5 | 4.0 | 11.9 | 556 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 81.6 | 3.4 | 8.0 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 87 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 88.6 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 352 |
| Mountain | 75.8 | 11.3 | 8.3 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 240 |
| West North Central | 79.2 | 11.0 | 7.9 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 355 |
| East North Central | 82.2 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 426 |
| West South Central | 58.8 | 4.2 | 13.9 | 4.8 | 18.2 | 330 |
| East South Central | 51.5 | 5.3 | 15.8 | 7.0 | 20.5 | 171 |
| New England | 89.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 127 |
| Middle Atlantic | 58.4 | 6.5 | 17.3 | 6.9 | 10.8 | 231 |
| South Atlantic | 71.5 | 3.3 | 10.3 | 3.9 | 11.1 | 389 |
| Table 4.2a: Separation of mother & infant at night by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
| How many hours are breastfeeding mother-infant pairs separated at night | ||||||
| No separation | 1-2 hours | 3-4 hours | 5-7 hours | 8 or more hours | N | |
| All | 86.9 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 0.7 | 2506 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 162 |
| Government hospital | 85.2 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 0.7 | 452 |
| Non-profit hospital | 86.3 | 3.9 | 5.2 | 4.0 | 0.6 | 1547 |
| Private hospital | 84.8 | 4.0 | 6.2 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 323 |
| Military hospital | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 22 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 92.1 | 1.1 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 177 |
| No | 85.5 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 2167 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 89.9 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 557 |
| 250-499 | 86.1 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 0.7 | 446 |
| 500-999 | 82.3 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 542 |
| 1000-1999 | 86.7 | 3.3 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 488 |
| 2000-4999 | 89.1 | 1.9 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 0.2 | 413 |
| 5000 or more | 93.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 88.5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 0.7 | 1088 |
| Level 2 special care | 83.1 | 4.5 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 0.5 | 799 |
| Level 3 NICU | 88.4 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 533 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 93.0 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 86 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 98.2 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 340 |
| Mountain | 94.1 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 221 |
| West North Central | 83.0 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 0.0 | 342 |
| East North Central | 86.6 | 3.2 | 6.3 | 3.4 | 0.5 | 410 |
| West South Central | 85.1 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 1.3 | 309 |
| East South Central | 69.6 | 8.1 | 11.2 | 8.1 | 3.1 | 161 |
| New England | 88.6 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 123 |
| Middle Atlantic | 81.0 | 3.1 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 0.4 | 226 |
| South Atlantic | 88.2 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 374 |
| Table 4.3a: Rooming in at least 23 hours a day by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | |||||
| What percent of healthy full-term infants room with their mothers at least 23 hours a day | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 28.6 | 15.1 | 11.5 | 44.9 | 2604 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Birth center | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 98.8 | 162 |
| Government hospital | 35.4 | 14.3 | 10.7 | 39.6 | 477 |
| Non-profit hospital | 28.7 | 17.7 | 13.1 | 40.6 | 1605 |
| Private hospital | 33.2 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 44.3 | 334 |
| Military hospital | 11.5 | 3.8 | 7.7 | 76.9 | 26 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 22.0 | 23.1 | 19.2 | 35.7 | 182 |
| No | 31.1 | 15.5 | 11.7 | 41.7 | 2260 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 1-249 | 23.5 | 13.0 | 8.3 | 55.3 | 579 |
| 250-499 | 31.9 | 13.9 | 12.1 | 42.1 | 461 |
| 500-999 | 34.3 | 14.2 | 9.6 | 41.9 | 565 |
| 1000-1999 | 27.7 | 17.1 | 12.6 | 42.6 | 509 |
| 2000-4999 | 26.5 | 17.2 | 14.2 | 42.1 | 430 |
| 5000 or more | 20.0 | 21.7 | 26.7 | 31.7 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 26.4 | 12.3 | 9.8 | 51.6 | 1127 |
| Level 2 special care | 32.0 | 16.5 | 11.3 | 40.2 | 835 |
| Level 3 NICU | 28.5 | 18.6 | 13.2 | 39.7 | 554 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 25.0 | 14.8 | 25.0 | 35.2 | 88 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 6.3 | 3.4 | 8.8 | 81.5 | 352 |
| Mountain | 18.1 | 8.0 | 9.3 | 64.6 | 237 |
| West North Central | 32.6 | 23.0 | 13.5 | 30.9 | 356 |
| East North Central | 29.9 | 23.8 | 18.3 | 28.0 | 421 |
| West South Central | 34.4 | 9.6 | 7.7 | 48.3 | 323 |
| East South Central | 50.9 | 18.7 | 8.2 | 22.2 | 171 |
| New England | 22.8 | 15.0 | 24.4 | 37.8 | 127 |
| Middle Atlantic | 42.2 | 21.6 | 7.3 | 28.9 | 232 |
| South Atlantic | 29.1 | 12.5 | 8.8 | 49.6 | 385 |
| Table 4.4a: Reasons for removing healthy full-term breastfed infants from mother's room by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||||||
| Pediatric rounds | Change of shift | Visiting hours | Hearing test | Heel stick | Infant photos | Infant's bath | Mother bathing | Mother out of room | N | |
| All | 48.6 | 11.2 | 1.3 | 76.5 | 78.1 | 33.7 | 55.4 | 46.6 | 72.4 | 2634 |
| Type of facility | ||||||||||
| Birth center | 12.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 25.0 | 37.5 | 0.0 | 37.5 | 37.5 | 25.0 | 166 |
| Government hospital | 50.4 | 12.8 | 1.2 | 80.7 | 79.9 | 46.0 | 62.7 | 53.0 | 79.1 | 481 |
| Non-profit hospital | 45.6 | 9.9 | 1.4 | 76.5 | 76.4 | 31.3 | 51.4 | 45.0 | 70.4 | 1618 |
| Private hospital | 62.8 | 16.5 | 1.4 | 71.8 | 84.8 | 31.5 | 67.2 | 48.0 | 76.2 | 343 |
| Military hospital | 34.8 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 82.6 | 87.5 | 4.3 | 30.4 | 16.7 | 45.5 | 26 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||||||
| Yes | 40.2 | 6.2 | 3.9 | 63.5 | 65.5 | 7.6 | 44.7 | 42.8 | 70.9 | 184 |
| No | 49.4 | 11.7 | 1.1 | 77.9 | 79.4 | 36.0 | 56.4 | 46.9 | 72.7 | 2284 |
| Size of facility | ||||||||||
| 1-249 | 42.1 | 6.7 | 1.1 | 93.1 | 88.4 | 54.9 | 67.2 | 62.9 | 83.2 | 588 |
| 250-499 | 56.0 | 13.4 | 1.5 | 90.9 | 87.1 | 57.0 | 64.5 | 52.7 | 80.5 | 466 |
| 500-999 | 55.0 | 17.5 | 1.0 | 80.6 | 81.9 | 40.8 | 55.9 | 45.8 | 72.7 | 571 |
| 1000-1999 | 48.1 | 10.7 | 1.3 | 70.4 | 73.6 | 17.1 | 46.4 | 39.9 | 66.5 | 516 |
| 2000-4999 | 40.6 | 6.7 | 2.0 | 52.7 | 63.0 | 4.8 | 45.7 | 35.0 | 60.7 | 433 |
| 5000 or more | 38.2 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 41.8 | 54.5 | 1.8 | 49.1 | 40.7 | 70.4 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 47.8 | 11.1 | 1.3 | 87.9 | 85.1 | 50.1 | 62.0 | 54.0 | 78.3 | 1144 |
| Level 2 special care | 50.6 | 12.7 | 1.0 | 77.7 | 79.9 | 33.6 | 53.6 | 44.1 | 71.3 | 842 |
| Level 3 NICU | 48.1 | 10.6 | 1.9 | 59.0 | 67.4 | 10.1 | 49.3 | 38.6 | 64.8 | 560 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 41.2 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 55.3 | 56.6 | 9.4 | 40.5 | 41.7 | 67.5 | 88 |
| Census region | ||||||||||
| Pacific | 17.3 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 56.9 | 58.4 | 19.8 | 33.7 | 28.5 | 52.9 | 353 |
| Mountain | 30.2 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 71.8 | 75.9 | 32.9 | 53.6 | 43.5 | 73.0 | 241 |
| West North Central | 48.9 | 10.3 | 1.5 | 91.3 | 85.6 | 43.7 | 62.6 | 60.9 | 84.0 | 357 |
| East North Central | 47.8 | 5.3 | 1.0 | 86.4 | 81.6 | 39.9 | 52.1 | 51.1 | 74.0 | 426 |
| West South Central | 65.2 | 19.8 | 0.8 | 64.5 | 79.5 | 33.2 | 68.0 | 42.4 | 75.2 | 332 |
| East South Central | 80.4 | 32.3 | 2.5 | 79.8 | 87.2 | 45.9 | 76.9 | 57.6 | 81.1 | 173 |
| New England | 23.1 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 80.0 | 74.2 | 16.7 | 31.6 | 31.4 | 66.7 | 127 |
| Middle Atlantic | 57.5 | 14.4 | 3.2 | 81.1 | 78.9 | 29.6 | 61.5 | 56.8 | 77.7 | 233 |
| South Atlantic | 57.7 | 14.5 | 2.5 | 71.3 | 78.6 | 30.2 | 54.3 | 39.2 | 66.3 | 392 |
| Table 4.5a: Nighttime feedings for non-rooming-in infants by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | |||||||
| How many breastfeeding infants who do not room-in are brought to the mother for breastfeeding at night | |||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | NA-all room in | N | |
| All | 1.0 | 2.0 | 8.3 | 54.3 | 0.7 | 33.7 | 2270 |
| Type of facility | |||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 37.5 | 0.0 | 62.5 | 8 |
| Government hospital | 0.5 | 1.9 | 8.1 | 55.3 | 1.2 | 33.1 | 432 |
| Non-profit hospital | 1.1 | 2.0 | 8.6 | 55.3 | 0.6 | 32.4 | 1503 |
| Private hospital | 1.0 | 2.6 | 8.2 | 52.3 | 0.3 | 35.5 | 304 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 23 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||||
| Yes | 1.7 | 2.8 | 15.0 | 42.2 | 0.6 | 37.8 | 180 |
| No | 0.9 | 2.0 | 7.8 | 55.4 | 0.7 | 33.3 | 2082 |
| Size of facility | |||||||
| 1-249 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 5.3 | 63.4 | 0.5 | 30.2 | 377 |
| 250-499 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 4.1 | 60.0 | 0.2 | 33.3 | 418 |
| 500-999 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 8.0 | 54.8 | 1.0 | 34.0 | 526 |
| 1000-1999 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 10.5 | 50.0 | 0.4 | 35.0 | 486 |
| 2000-4999 | 1.5 | 3.4 | 12.5 | 45.2 | 0.7 | 36.6 | 407 |
| 5000 or more | 3.6 | 3.6 | 14.3 | 48.2 | 3.6 | 26.8 | 56 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.5 | 1.3 | 5.2 | 56.9 | 0.5 | 35.7 | 877 |
| Level 2 special care | 1.2 | 2.0 | 9.2 | 55.1 | 0.5 | 32.0 | 782 |
| Level 3 NICU | 1.0 | 3.2 | 11.8 | 50.8 | 0.6 | 32.7 | 526 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 4.7 | 2.4 | 10.6 | 41.2 | 4.7 | 36.5 | 85 |
| Census region | |||||||
| Pacific | 1.9 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 21.3 | 0.4 | 70.8 | 267 |
| Mountain | 0.6 | 3.0 | 5.3 | 44.4 | 0.6 | 46.2 | 169 |
| West North Central | 0.6 | 0.6 | 7.2 | 72.6 | 0.3 | 18.7 | 332 |
| East North Central | 1.2 | 2.5 | 7.7 | 67.3 | 0.5 | 20.8 | 404 |
| West South Central | 0.8 | 2.0 | 8.6 | 51.2 | 1.2 | 36.3 | 256 |
| East South Central | 0.6 | 1.8 | 11.0 | 69.5 | 1.2 | 15.9 | 164 |
| New England | 1.7 | 1.7 | 7.6 | 55.1 | 0.0 | 33.9 | 118 |
| Middle Atlantic | 1.4 | 2.3 | 16.2 | 59.5 | 0.9 | 19.8 | 222 |
| South Atlantic | 0.3 | 2.4 | 9.2 | 42.9 | 0.9 | 44.4 | 338 |