Table 1.1b: Skin-to-skin contact among vaginal births by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013
   How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth
Few Some Many Most Not sure N
All 3.4 8.1 16.2 72.0 0.3 2664
State
AK 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 18
AL 7.5 7.5 22.5 62.5 0.0 40
AR 17.9 17.9 10.7 53.6 0.0 28
AZ 2.6 10.5 13.2 73.7 0.0 38
CA 0.0 1.9 9.1 88.9 0.0 208
CO 2.3 0.0 25.0 72.7 0.0 44
CT 0.0 4.2 16.7 79.2 0.0 24
DC 0.0 0.0 16.7 83.3 0.0 6
DE 16.7 0.0 0.0 83.3 0.0 6
FL 2.0 3.9 17.6 76.5 0.0 102
GA 2.9 21.4 20.0 52.9 2.9 70
HI 0.0 0.0 9.1 90.9 0.0 11
IA 8.1 12.2 27.0 52.7 0.0 74
ID 0.0 7.4 18.5 74.1 0.0 27
IL 0.0 5.3 14.9 79.8 0.0 94
IN 1.1 9.2 9.2 79.3 1.1 87
IT* 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 6
KS 4.8 11.3 21.0 62.9 0.0 62
KY 0.0 2.3 4.5 93.2 0.0 44
LA 6.8 11.4 22.7 59.1 0.0 44
MA 0.0 4.5 13.6 81.8 0.0 44
MD 3.6 10.7 39.3 46.4 0.0 28
ME 0.0 0.0 20.8 79.2 0.0 24
MI 2.8 9.9 21.1 66.2 0.0 71
MN 3.4 10.3 18.4 67.8 0.0 87
MO 6.7 21.7 13.3 58.3 0.0 60
MS 22.9 20.0 28.6 25.7 2.9 35
MT 0.0 3.4 17.2 79.3 0.0 29
NC 1.5 13.6 10.6 74.2 0.0 66
ND 0.0 37.5 0.0 62.5 0.0 8
NE 2.3 18.2 20.5 59.1 0.0 44
NH 0.0 0.0 4.3 95.7 0.0 23
NJ 4.3 0.0 8.7 87.0 0.0 46
NM 0.0 3.4 10.3 86.2 0.0 29
NV 6.3 12.5 25.0 56.3 0.0 16
NY 2.0 6.9 18.6 72.5 0.0 102
OH 2.1 5.2 15.6 77.1 0.0 96
OK 8.7 8.7 19.6 63.0 0.0 46
OR 0.0 0.0 5.8 94.2 0.0 52
PA 1.1 11.5 29.9 57.5 0.0 87
PR 7.7 7.7 15.4 69.2 0.0 13
RI 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 6
SC 5.4 8.1 13.5 73.0 0.0 37
SD 0.0 8.3 29.2 62.5 0.0 24
TN 8.6 13.8 20.7 56.9 0.0 58
TX 5.1 9.7 14.7 69.6 0.9 217
UT 7.3 4.9 7.3 80.5 0.0 41
VA 4.4 4.4 22.2 68.9 0.0 45
VT 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 9
WA 1.6 4.9 4.9 86.9 1.6 61
WI 2.4 4.8 15.5 77.4 0.0 84
WV 12.0 24.0 16.0 48.0 0.0 25
WY 0.0 5.6 22.2 72.2 0.0 18
*State abbreviation 'IT' is Island Territories, and includes American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and US Virgin Islands.
Table 1.2b: Skin-to-skin contact among Cesarean births by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013
  How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth
Few Some Many Most Not sure N
All 9.9 12.4 18.1 59.3 0.2 2485
State
AK 0.0 0.0 25.0 75.0 0.0 12
AL 17.9 15.4 15.4 51.3 0.0 39
AR 21.4 21.4 28.6 28.6 0.0 28
AZ 0.0 17.6 20.6 61.8 0.0 34
CA 5.2 6.3 21.9 66.1 0.5 192
CO 7.0 14.0 14.0 62.8 2.3 43
CT 0.0 4.3 4.3 91.3 0.0 23
DC 0.0 0.0 60.0 40.0 0.0 5
DE 16.7 0.0 16.7 66.7 0.0 6
FL 8.3 19.0 20.2 52.4 0.0 84
GA 20.3 17.4 20.3 42.0 0.0 69
HI 10.0 10.0 20.0 60.0 0.0 10
IA 8.1 20.3 17.6 52.7 1.4 74
ID 0.0 4.3 8.7 87.0 0.0 23
IL 7.4 10.6 16.0 66.0 0.0 94
IN 7.1 11.9 9.5 71.4 0.0 84
IT* 40.0 0.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 5
KS 8.6 10.3 25.9 55.2 0.0 58
KY 11.4 4.5 13.6 70.5 0.0 44
LA 17.1 17.1 22.0 43.9 0.0 41
MA 7.0 4.7 16.3 72.1 0.0 43
MD 3.8 19.2 19.2 57.7 0.0 26
ME 0.0 0.0 16.7 83.3 0.0 24
MI 11.3 12.7 23.9 52.1 0.0 71
MN 7.2 12.0 10.8 69.9 0.0 83
MO 5.0 16.7 25.0 53.3 0.0 60
MS 45.5 15.2 12.1 27.3 0.0 33
MT 8.3 4.2 8.3 79.2 0.0 24
NC 14.1 12.5 20.3 53.1 0.0 64
ND 37.5 0.0 12.5 50.0 0.0 8
NE 4.7 16.3 20.9 58.1 0.0 43
NH 0.0 0.0 5.3 94.7 0.0 19
NJ 8.7 15.2 10.9 65.2 0.0 46
NM 4.0 20.0 20.0 56.0 0.0 25
NV 6.3 31.3 37.5 25.0 0.0 16
NY 5.9 14.7 17.6 61.8 0.0 102
OH 4.3 10.8 17.2 67.7 0.0 93
OK 8.9 13.3 15.6 62.2 0.0 45
OR 0.0 2.3 16.3 81.4 0.0 43
PA 11.0 19.5 17.1 52.4 0.0 82
PR 53.8 15.4 15.4 15.4 0.0 13
RI 0.0 0.0 16.7 83.3 0.0 6
SC 14.3 11.4 14.3 60.0 0.0 35
SD 4.3 21.7 17.4 56.5 0.0 23
TN 20.4 14.8 20.4 44.4 0.0 54
TX 16.8 13.5 18.4 50.8 0.5 185
UT 3.0 12.1 15.2 69.7 0.0 33
VA 13.2 10.5 28.9 44.7 2.6 38
VT 0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 9
WA 7.8 7.8 19.6 62.7 2.0 51
WI 7.7 11.5 14.1 66.7 0.0 78
WV 25.0 12.5 29.2 33.3 0.0 24
WY 5.6 11.1 11.1 72.2 0.0 18

*State abbreviation 'IT' is Island Territories, and includes American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and US Virgin Islands.

Facilities not performing Cesareans are not included in these tabulations.

Table 1.3b: Early breastfeeding initiation among vaginal births by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013
  What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth
<10% 10-49% 50-89% 90% or more N
All 1.4 6.1 27.7 64.8 2651
State
AK 0.0 0.0 16.7 83.3 18
AL 0.0 5.0 40.0 55.0 40
AR 10.7 17.9 17.9 53.6 28
AZ 0.0 7.9 34.2 57.9 38
CA 0.5 2.9 20.8 75.8 207
CO 0.0 2.3 25.0 72.7 44
CT 0.0 4.2 16.7 79.2 24
DC 0.0 16.7 0.0 83.3 6
DE 0.0 16.7 0.0 83.3 6
FL 3.9 4.9 31.4 59.8 102
GA 0.0 5.8 40.6 53.6 69
HI 0.0 0.0 27.3 72.7 11
IA 1.4 6.8 35.1 56.8 74
ID 0.0 3.8 34.6 61.5 26
IL 2.1 9.6 35.1 53.2 94
IN 0.0 5.7 24.1 70.1 87
IT* 0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 6
KS 3.2 3.2 22.6 71.0 62
KY 0.0 0.0 36.4 63.6 44
LA 4.5 6.8 36.4 52.3 44
MA 0.0 4.5 22.7 72.7 44
MD 0.0 3.6 46.4 50.0 28
ME 0.0 0.0 16.7 83.3 24
MI 4.3 5.7 38.6 51.4 70
MN 0.0 5.7 26.4 67.8 87
MO 0.0 6.7 35.0 58.3 60
MS 9.1 21.2 12.1 57.6 33
MT 0.0 10.3 17.2 72.4 29
NC 0.0 10.6 36.4 53.0 66
ND 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 8
NE 2.3 0.0 32.6 65.1 43
NH 0.0 0.0 13.0 87.0 23
NJ 2.2 2.2 26.7 68.9 45
NM 0.0 6.9 20.7 72.4 29
NV 6.7 13.3 26.7 53.3 15
NY 1.0 5.9 24.5 68.6 102
OH 0.0 6.3 32.6 61.1 95
OK 0.0 8.7 39.1 52.2 46
OR 0.0 0.0 21.2 78.8 52
PA 0.0 9.2 25.3 65.5 87
PR 15.4 7.7 15.4 61.5 13
RI 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 6
SC 0.0 5.3 31.6 63.2 38
SD 4.2 4.2 20.8 70.8 24
TN 0.0 19.6 28.6 51.8 56
TX 4.2 6.5 24.7 64.7 215
UT 0.0 2.4 17.1 80.5 41
VA 2.2 6.7 26.7 64.4 45
VT 0.0 0.0 11.1 88.9 9
WA 0.0 3.3 23.0 73.8 61
WI 0.0 6.0 25.0 69.0 84
WV 0.0 16.0 32.0 52.0 25
WY 0.0 5.6 27.8 66.7 18
Table 1.4b: Early breastfeeding initiation among Cesarean births by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013
   What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth
<10% 10-49% 50-89% 90% or more N
All 4.9 9.0 25.8 60.3 2477
State
AK 0.0 8.3 41.7 50.0 12
AL 5.1 12.8 25.6 56.4 39
AR 21.4 10.7 21.4 46.4 28
AZ 5.9 8.8 17.6 67.6 34
CA 4.7 11.5 25.1 58.6 191
CO 2.3 2.3 20.9 74.4 43
CT 0.0 4.3 17.4 78.3 23
DC 0.0 20.0 60.0 20.0 5
DE 0.0 0.0 20.0 80.0 5
FL 0.0 12.2 30.5 57.3 82
GA 8.7 13.0 34.8 43.5 69
HI 0.0 0.0 30.0 70.0 10
IA 0.0 12.2 24.3 63.5 74
ID 0.0 4.3 21.7 73.9 23
IL 7.4 8.5 34.0 50.0 94
IN 2.4 7.1 16.7 73.8 84
IT* 40.0 0.0 40.0 20.0 5
KS 0.0 6.9 25.9 67.2 58
KY 9.3 2.3 32.6 55.8 43
LA 4.9 7.3 46.3 41.5 41
MA 0.0 4.7 14.0 81.4 43
MD 0.0 7.7 38.5 53.8 26
ME 0.0 0.0 20.8 79.2 24
MI 8.6 5.7 24.3 61.4 70
MN 0.0 4.8 26.5 68.7 83
MO 1.7 8.3 21.7 68.3 60
MS 17.1 11.4 22.9 48.6 35
MT 4.2 8.3 16.7 70.8 24
NC 3.1 18.8 28.1 50.0 64
ND 12.5 0.0 25.0 62.5 8
NE 0.0 2.3 30.2 67.4 43
NH 0.0 5.3 5.3 89.5 19
NJ 13.0 8.7 15.2 63.0 46
NM 8.0 16.0 24.0 52.0 25
NV 12.5 37.5 31.3 18.8 16
NY 7.8 13.7 22.5 55.9 102
OH 2.2 7.5 26.9 63.4 93
OK 4.4 6.7 22.2 66.7 45
OR 0.0 0.0 16.3 83.7 43
PA 1.2 12.2 37.8 48.8 82
PR 53.8 15.4 7.7 23.1 13
RI 0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 6
SC 14.3 2.9 34.3 48.6 35
SD 4.3 8.7 13.0 73.9 23
TN 5.8 11.5 30.8 51.9 52
TX 12.0 10.9 25.1 51.9 183
UT 0.0 5.9 29.4 64.7 34
VA 0.0 10.8 35.1 54.1 37
VT 0.0 0.0 11.1 88.9 9
WA 0.0 5.9 21.6 72.5 51
WI 0.0 7.7 19.2 73.1 78
WV 4.2 16.7 25.0 54.2 24
WY 0.0 5.6 33.3 61.1 18

*State abbreviation 'IT' is Island Territories, and includes American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and US Virgin Islands.

Facilities not performing Cesareans are not included in these tabulations.

Table 1.5b: Performance of routine procedures while skin-to-skin among vaginal births by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013
   How often are routine infant procedures performed while mother & infant are skin-to-skin after uncomplicated vaginal birth
Rarely Sometimes Often Almost always Not sure N
All 9.7 19.4 30.1 40.4 0.3 2663
State
AK 5.6 0.0 22.2 72.2 0.0 18
AL 22.5 25.0 30.0 22.5 0.0 40
AR 32.1 25.0 21.4 21.4 0.0 28
AZ 5.3 15.8 36.8 42.1 0.0 38
CA 4.8 12.5 26.0 56.7 0.0 208
CO 2.3 15.9 27.3 54.5 0.0 44
CT 4.2 16.7 20.8 58.3 0.0 24
DC 0.0 33.3 33.3 33.3 0.0 6
DE 16.7 0.0 33.3 50.0 0.0 6
FL 7.8 19.6 33.3 38.2 1.0 102
GA 17.1 25.7 32.9 24.3 0.0 70
HI 0.0 0.0 18.2 81.8 0.0 11
IA 9.5 31.1 28.4 29.7 1.4 74
ID 7.7 19.2 34.6 38.5 0.0 26
IL 5.3 17.0 45.7 31.9 0.0 94
IN 8.0 18.4 32.2 40.2 1.1 87
IT* 0.0 16.7 33.3 50.0 0.0 6
KS 12.9 17.7 35.5 33.9 0.0 62
KY 6.8 2.3 36.4 54.5 0.0 44
LA 18.2 29.5 18.2 34.1 0.0 44
MA 2.3 11.4 29.5 56.8 0.0 44
MD 10.7 28.6 35.7 17.9 7.1 28
ME 0.0 8.3 29.2 62.5 0.0 24
MI 8.5 16.9 39.4 35.2 0.0 71
MN 9.2 16.1 28.7 46.0 0.0 87
MO 11.7 26.7 23.3 38.3 0.0 60
MS 40.0 37.1 20.0 2.9 0.0 35
MT 6.9 6.9 41.4 44.8 0.0 29
NC 7.6 30.3 25.8 36.4 0.0 66
ND 0.0 50.0 12.5 37.5 0.0 8
NE 9.1 25.0 50.0 15.9 0.0 44
NH 0.0 0.0 13.0 87.0 0.0 23
NJ 10.9 19.6 28.3 41.3 0.0 46
NM 0.0 13.8 27.6 58.6 0.0 29
NV 6.3 37.5 18.8 37.5 0.0 16
NY 8.9 17.8 28.7 44.6 0.0 101
OH 4.2 18.8 44.8 32.3 0.0 96
OK 10.9 39.1 32.6 17.4 0.0 46
OR 0.0 3.8 23.1 73.1 0.0 52
PA 16.1 18.4 42.5 23.0 0.0 87
PR 7.7 15.4 7.7 69.2 0.0 13
RI 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 6
SC 13.2 18.4 26.3 42.1 0.0 38
SD 8.3 4.2 41.7 41.7 4.2 24
TN 19.0 31.0 24.1 25.9 0.0 58
TX 17.4 22.9 22.0 36.7 0.9 218
UT 12.5 22.5 17.5 47.5 0.0 40
VA 8.9 22.2 28.9 40.0 0.0 45
VT 0.0 0.0 22.2 77.8 0.0 9
WA 1.6 13.1 26.2 57.4 1.6 61
WI 6.0 17.9 31.0 45.2 0.0 84
WV 12.0 36.0 32.0 20.0 0.0 25
WY 11.1 22.2 33.3 33.3 0.0 18
*State abbreviation 'IT' is Island Territories, and includes American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and US Virgin Islands.