Table 1.1a: Skin-to-skin contact among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth | ||||||
Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
All | 3.4 | 8.2 | 16.2 | 72.0 | 0.3 | 2631 |
Type of facility | ||||||
Birth center | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 97.6 | 0.6 | 165 |
Government hospital | 6.4 | 11.9 | 18.1 | 63.0 | 0.6 | 481 |
Non-profit hospital | 2.2 | 7.4 | 16.1 | 74.2 | 0.2 | 1617 |
Private hospital | 6.4 | 10.2 | 19.9 | 63.5 | 0.0 | 342 |
Military hospital | 0.0 | 11.5 | 34.6 | 53.8 | 0.0 | 26 |
Teaching hospital | ||||||
Yes | 0.5 | 3.3 | 21.3 | 74.9 | 0.0 | 183 |
No | 3.8 | 9.1 | 16.9 | 70.0 | 0.3 | 2283 |
Size of facility | ||||||
1-249 | 4.9 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 70.0 | 0.3 | 587 |
250-499 | 5.4 | 10.5 | 14.6 | 69.3 | 0.2 | 466 |
500-999 | 4.2 | 10.5 | 17.2 | 67.7 | 0.4 | 569 |
1000-1999 | 1.7 | 6.6 | 17.8 | 73.8 | 0.0 | 516 |
2000-4999 | 0.5 | 4.6 | 14.3 | 80.4 | 0.2 | 433 |
5000 or more | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 | 78.3 | 1.7 | 60 |
Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
Healthy newborn only | 4.5 | 9.0 | 15.1 | 71.1 | 0.2 | 1143 |
Level 2 special care | 3.2 | 9.0 | 17.4 | 70.0 | 0.4 | 841 |
Level 3 NICU | 1.3 | 6.1 | 17.5 | 74.8 | 0.4 | 559 |
Level 4 Regional NICU | 3.4 | 2.3 | 9.1 | 85.2 | 0.0 | 88 |
Census region | ||||||
Pacific | 0.3 | 2.0 | 7.9 | 89.5 | 0.3 | 353 |
Mountain | 2.5 | 5.4 | 16.6 | 75.5 | 0.0 | 241 |
West North Central | 4.8 | 14.3 | 20.4 | 60.5 | 0.0 | 357 |
East North Central | 1.6 | 6.8 | 15.0 | 76.3 | 0.2 | 426 |
West South Central | 7.0 | 10.6 | 16.1 | 65.8 | 0.6 | 330 |
East South Central | 8.7 | 11.0 | 18.5 | 61.3 | 0.6 | 173 |
New England | 0.0 | 2.4 | 11.8 | 85.8 | 0.0 | 127 |
Middle Atlantic | 2.1 | 7.3 | 21.0 | 69.5 | 0.0 | 233 |
South Atlantic | 3.8 | 10.5 | 18.2 | 67.0 | 0.5 | 391 |
Table 1.2a: Skin-to-skin contact among Cesarean births by hospital type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | ||||||
Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
All | 9.9 | 12.5 | 18.1 | 59.2 | 0.2 | 2452 |
Type of facility | ||||||
Government hospital | 14.3 | 15.5 | 19.1 | 50.5 | 0.6 | 477 |
Non-profit hospital | 8.2 | 10.3 | 17.1 | 64.2 | 0.1 | 1608 |
Private hospital | 12.3 | 17.3 | 21.4 | 49.0 | 0.0 | 341 |
Military hospital | 0.0 | 30.8 | 23.1 | 42.3 | 3.8 | 26 |
Teaching hospital | ||||||
Yes | 5.5 | 14.2 | 19.7 | 60.7 | 0.0 | 183 |
No | 10.2 | 12.4 | 18.0 | 59.1 | 0.3 | 2269 |
Size of facility | ||||||
1-249 | 11.7 | 14.5 | 16.1 | 57.5 | 0.2 | 428 |
250-499 | 13.2 | 13.4 | 20.2 | 53.0 | 0.2 | 455 |
500-999 | 11.4 | 13.8 | 17.0 | 57.9 | 0.0 | 560 |
1000-1999 | 6.8 | 10.7 | 20.0 | 62.4 | 0.2 | 516 |
2000-4999 | 7.2 | 10.9 | 16.4 | 65.4 | 0.2 | 433 |
5000 or more | 3.3 | 8.3 | 25.0 | 60.0 | 3.3 | 60 |
Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
Healthy newborn only | 11.9 | 13.7 | 17.9 | 56.4 | 0.1 | 968 |
Level 2 special care | 9.1 | 11.9 | 19.1 | 59.7 | 0.2 | 838 |
Level 3 NICU | 7.9 | 12.0 | 16.7 | 62.9 | 0.5 | 558 |
Level 4 Regional NICU | 8.0 | 8.0 | 21.6 | 62.5 | 0.0 | 88 |
Census region | ||||||
Pacific | 5.2 | 5.8 | 21.3 | 67.1 | 0.6 | 310 |
Mountain | 4.2 | 14.0 | 16.3 | 65.1 | 0.5 | 215 |
West North Central | 7.5 | 15.3 | 19.0 | 57.9 | 0.3 | 347 |
East North Central | 7.2 | 11.6 | 15.5 | 65.7 | 0.0 | 414 |
West South Central | 16.0 | 15.0 | 19.4 | 49.3 | 0.3 | 294 |
East South Central | 22.3 | 12.0 | 15.7 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 166 |
New England | 2.5 | 2.5 | 14.0 | 81.0 | 0.0 | 121 |
Middle Atlantic | 8.3 | 16.7 | 16.2 | 58.8 | 0.0 | 228 |
South Atlantic | 15.4 | 14.8 | 21.6 | 47.9 | 0.3 | 357 |
Facilities not performing Cesareans are not included in these tabulations. |
Table 1.3a: Early breastfeeding initiation among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth | ||||||
<10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | ||
All | 1.5 | 6.0 | 27.7 | 64.8 | 2618 | |
Type of facility | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 94.6 | 166 | |
Birth center | ||||||
Government hospital | 1.9 | 6.5 | 32.4 | 59.2 | 478 | |
Non-profit hospital | 1.3 | 6.4 | 27.3 | 64.9 | 1609 | |
Private hospital | 2.1 | 6.8 | 32.6 | 58.5 | 340 | |
Military hospital | 4.0 | 4.0 | 40.0 | 52.0 | 25 | |
Teaching hospital | ||||||
Yes | 0.0 | 8.2 | 38.8 | 53.0 | 183 | |
No | 1.7 | 6.3 | 28.4 | 63.6 | 2269 | |
Size of facility | ||||||
1-249 | 2.7 | 6.1 | 21.0 | 70.2 | 587 | |
250-499 | 1.1 | 5.0 | 25.7 | 68.3 | 463 | |
500-999 | 1.9 | 7.1 | 28.3 | 62.7 | 566 | |
1000-1999 | 0.6 | 5.9 | 31.3 | 62.3 | 512 | |
2000-4999 | 0.7 | 5.1 | 32.0 | 62.2 | 431 | |
5000 or more | 0.0 | 11.9 | 42.4 | 45.8 | 59 | |
Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
Healthy newborn only | 2.1 | 5.9 | 22.2 | 69.8 | 1137 | |
Level 2 special care | 1.2 | 5.9 | 30.6 | 62.3 | 841 | |
Level 3 NICU | 0.5 | 6.1 | 34.7 | 58.7 | 554 | |
Level 4 Regional NICU | 1.2 | 8.1 | 27.9 | 62.8 | 86 | |
Census region | ||||||
Pacific | 0.3 | 2.3 | 21.3 | 76.1 | 352 | |
Mountain | 0.4 | 5.9 | 25.1 | 68.6 | 239 | |
West North Central | 1.4 | 4.8 | 29.8 | 64.0 | 356 | |
East North Central | 1.2 | 6.8 | 30.7 | 61.3 | 424 | |
West South Central | 4.3 | 7.6 | 28.0 | 60.1 | 328 | |
East South Central | 1.8 | 10.7 | 30.2 | 57.4 | 169 | |
New England | 0.0 | 2.4 | 18.9 | 78.7 | 127 | |
Middle Atlantic | 0.9 | 6.5 | 25.4 | 67.2 | 232 | |
South Atlantic | 1.8 | 7.4 | 32.7 | 58.1 | 391 |
Table 1.4a: Early breastfeeding initiation among Cesarean births by hospital type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | |||||
What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | |||||
<10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
All | 4.9 | 9.0 | 25.7 | 60.4 | 2444 |
Type of facility | |||||
Government hospital | 6.9 | 11.3 | 29.0 | 52.7 | 476 |
Non-profit hospital | 3.9 | 7.2 | 24.4 | 64.6 | 1606 |
Private hospital | 6.5 | 13.4 | 28.3 | 51.8 | 336 |
Military hospital | 7.7 | 26.9 | 15.4 | 50.0 | 26 |
Teaching hospital | |||||
Yes | 5.5 | 14.8 | 29.1 | 50.5 | 182 |
No | 4.8 | 8.6 | 25.5 | 61.1 | 2262 |
Size of facility | |||||
1-249 | 5.6 | 8.6 | 24.2 | 61.5 | 429 |
250-499 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 25.8 | 61.1 | 450 |
500-999 | 5.4 | 9.6 | 24.5 | 60.5 | 560 |
1000-1999 | 3.5 | 7.8 | 26.3 | 62.4 | 513 |
2000-4999 | 5.3 | 9.9 | 28.4 | 56.4 | 433 |
5000 or more | 5.1 | 15.3 | 23.7 | 55.9 | 59 |
Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
Healthy newborn only | 4.8 | 9.6 | 22.3 | 63.3 | 964 |
Level 2 special care | 4.4 | 7.3 | 28.3 | 60.0 | 835 |
Level 3 NICU | 5.6 | 10.8 | 27.1 | 56.6 | 557 |
Level 4 Regional NICU | 5.7 | 8.0 | 30.7 | 55.7 | 88 |
Census region | |||||
Pacific | 3.2 | 8.4 | 24.3 | 64.1 | 309 |
Mountain | 3.7 | 9.3 | 23.1 | 63.9 | 216 |
West North Central | 0.9 | 7.2 | 24.8 | 67.1 | 347 |
East North Central | 4.1 | 7.0 | 24.5 | 64.4 | 413 |
West South Central | 10.6 | 9.9 | 27.4 | 52.1 | 292 |
East South Central | 8.5 | 9.1 | 28.5 | 53.9 | 165 |
New England | 0.0 | 3.3 | 14.9 | 81.8 | 121 |
Middle Atlantic | 6.6 | 12.3 | 26.8 | 54.4 | 228 |
South Atlantic | 5.9 | 12.7 | 31.4 | 49.9 | 353 |
Facilities not performing Cesareans are not included in these tabulations. |
Table 1.5a: Performance of routine procedures while skin-to-skin among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
How often are routine infant procedures performed while mother & infant are skin-to-skin after uncomplicated vaginal birth | ||||||
Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
All | 9.7 | 19.4 | 30.0 | 40.5 | 0.3 | 2630 |
Type of facility | ||||||
Birth center | 0.0 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 97.0 | 0.0 | 165 |
Government hospital | 14.8 | 22.2 | 29.5 | 32.8 | 0.6 | 481 |
Non-profit hospital | 8.0 | 18.9 | 33.2 | 39.5 | 0.3 | 1616 |
Private hospital | 15.5 | 26.9 | 27.8 | 29.5 | 0.3 | 342 |
Military hospital | 3.8 | 15.4 | 50.0 | 30.8 | 0.0 | 26 |
Teaching hospital | ||||||
Yes | 7.1 | 14.3 | 35.7 | 42.9 | 0.0 | 182 |
No | 10.6 | 21.1 | 31.6 | 36.3 | 0.4 | 2283 |
Size of facility | ||||||
1-249 | 11.1 | 14.7 | 24.2 | 49.6 | 0.5 | 587 |
250-499 | 10.1 | 20.6 | 31.3 | 37.8 | 0.2 | 466 |
500-999 | 12.5 | 22.5 | 28.2 | 36.7 | 0.2 | 570 |
1000-1999 | 8.7 | 20.6 | 32.8 | 37.7 | 0.2 | 515 |
2000-4999 | 5.3 | 19.4 | 35.0 | 39.8 | 0.5 | 432 |
5000 or more | 6.7 | 18.3 | 33.3 | 40.0 | 1.7 | 60 |
Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
Healthy newborn only | 10.0 | 18.1 | 25.2 | 46.5 | 0.3 | 1143 |
Level 2 special care | 10.9 | 20.4 | 34.1 | 34.3 | 0.2 | 842 |
Level 3 NICU | 8.1 | 21.7 | 33.5 | 36.0 | 0.7 | 558 |
Level 4 Regional NICU | 4.6 | 12.6 | 31.0 | 51.7 | 0.0 | 87 |
Census region | ||||||
Pacific | 3.4 | 10.2 | 25.2 | 60.9 | 0.3 | 353 |
Mountain | 6.3 | 18.0 | 29.7 | 46.0 | 0.0 | 239 |
West North Central | 10.1 | 22.4 | 31.9 | 35.0 | 0.6 | 357 |
East North Central | 6.1 | 17.8 | 38.5 | 37.3 | 0.2 | 426 |
West South Central | 18.1 | 25.7 | 23.0 | 32.6 | 0.6 | 331 |
East South Central | 20.8 | 23.7 | 27.2 | 28.3 | 0.0 | 173 |
New England | 1.6 | 8.7 | 24.4 | 65.4 | 0.0 | 127 |
Middle Atlantic | 11.6 | 18.5 | 33.6 | 36.2 | 0.0 | 232 |
South Atlantic | 10.5 | 24.5 | 30.4 | 33.9 | 0.8 | 392 |