Table 7.1a: Elements of a written hospital policy by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
|
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 |
|
In-service training |
Prenatal breastfeeding classes |
Asking about mothers' feeding plans |
Early initiation of breastfeeding |
Teaching lactation maintenance during separation |
Exclusive breastfeeding |
24 hr/day rooming-in |
Breastfeeding on-demand |
Pacifier use |
Referral of mothers with breastfeeding problems |
N |
All |
57.0 |
55.1 |
82.3 |
81.0 |
71.8 |
66.6 |
68.7 |
81.2 |
54.2 |
71.6 |
2738 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
56.6 |
81.1 |
90.3 |
90.0 |
60.3 |
42.7 |
70.5 |
85.2 |
37.2 |
84.8 |
143 |
Government hospital |
53.6 |
44.8 |
78.2 |
74.7 |
59.9 |
61.6 |
65.5 |
76.7 |
47.7 |
64.6 |
525 |
Non-profit hospital |
58.2 |
57.1 |
83.5 |
84.2 |
77.2 |
71.4 |
71.2 |
83.7 |
59.4 |
74.5 |
1707 |
Private hospital |
56.3 |
48.2 |
79.2 |
70.7 |
67.5 |
60.1 |
59.4 |
73.8 |
44.3 |
61.0 |
345 |
Military hospital |
58.8 |
83.3 |
81.3 |
83.3 |
77.8 |
70.6 |
100.0 |
77.8 |
62.5 |
88.2 |
18 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
64.8 |
65.1 |
91.0 |
87.4 |
88.3 |
82.8 |
79.6 |
88.0 |
71.4 |
85.4 |
210 |
No |
56.3 |
52.6 |
81.0 |
79.9 |
71.0 |
66.6 |
67.7 |
80.3 |
53.6 |
69.5 |
2385 |
Size of facility |
1-249 |
48.4 |
50.2 |
77.3 |
74.5 |
52.3 |
51.6 |
64.9 |
74.4 |
40.1 |
62.5 |
606 |
250-499 |
51.3 |
47.2 |
81.9 |
78.2 |
63.2 |
62.0 |
68.4 |
78.6 |
47.9 |
64.7 |
475 |
500-999 |
58.1 |
53.8 |
79.8 |
79.8 |
72.3 |
63.9 |
65.2 |
78.4 |
52.4 |
68.4 |
569 |
1000-1999 |
61.4 |
62.2 |
85.2 |
84.2 |
83.5 |
74.8 |
73.4 |
86.2 |
60.4 |
78.1 |
564 |
2000-4999 |
65.7 |
62.0 |
88.1 |
88.2 |
88.3 |
81.3 |
72.1 |
88.9 |
70.3 |
83.8 |
463 |
5000 or more |
64.3 |
61.4 |
84.5 |
88.5 |
79.7 |
81.4 |
72.4 |
85.2 |
70.0 |
83.3 |
61 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
51.9 |
52.2 |
79.8 |
77.2 |
59.9 |
57.1 |
68.0 |
77.2 |
46.7 |
65.8 |
1067 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
57.1 |
52.8 |
81.7 |
81.0 |
73.8 |
67.5 |
67.1 |
81.3 |
51.3 |
70.3 |
1066 |
Level 3 NICU |
65.6 |
64.7 |
87.7 |
87.2 |
88.5 |
81.3 |
72.9 |
87.7 |
72.1 |
83.5 |
605 |
Census region |
Pacific |
61.3 |
58.5 |
87.3 |
89.7 |
78.6 |
74.6 |
84.6 |
87.4 |
61.8 |
81.3 |
370 |
Mountain |
54.3 |
47.0 |
79.1 |
79.7 |
64.0 |
68.0 |
70.2 |
76.2 |
52.0 |
69.9 |
245 |
West North Central |
51.1 |
56.0 |
78.5 |
77.9 |
63.7 |
63.9 |
65.6 |
78.8 |
47.9 |
64.4 |
364 |
East North Central |
53.2 |
52.9 |
78.8 |
80.6 |
73.8 |
64.5 |
62.4 |
83.3 |
55.8 |
71.1 |
460 |
West South Central |
57.9 |
51.9 |
81.2 |
73.4 |
61.2 |
54.5 |
58.0 |
71.8 |
43.6 |
61.3 |
346 |
East South Central |
58.7 |
45.9 |
76.4 |
64.1 |
61.7 |
54.0 |
53.7 |
68.7 |
43.1 |
55.0 |
173 |
New England |
70.9 |
67.5 |
83.5 |
93.8 |
88.3 |
86.2 |
79.5 |
94.6 |
75.2 |
86.6 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
60.8 |
67.2 |
88.7 |
87.5 |
84.5 |
74.5 |
78.5 |
90.8 |
62.9 |
83.5 |
246 |
South Atlantic |
55.5 |
53.5 |
86.0 |
82.2 |
75.3 |
67.6 |
69.3 |
81.1 |
53.5 |
74.1 |
400 |
Table 7.2a: Modes used to inform staff of breastfeeding policies by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 |
|
In-service training |
Policy is posted |
Newsletter |
New staff training |
New staff orientation |
Staff meeting |
Word of mouth |
N |
All |
72.3 |
79.9 |
13.7 |
71.0 |
59.1 |
76.3 |
44.5 |
2738 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
59.4 |
57.1 |
3.8 |
61.7 |
54.1 |
59.4 |
50.4 |
143 |
Government hospital |
64.5 |
73.7 |
10.0 |
62.0 |
60.0 |
72.0 |
42.7 |
525 |
Non-profit hospital |
76.2 |
83.9 |
17.0 |
76.2 |
61.4 |
79.0 |
45.9 |
1707 |
Private hospital |
70.1 |
78.7 |
7.3 |
62.2 |
48.5 |
76.8 |
37.2 |
345 |
Military hospital |
77.8 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
72.2 |
50.0 |
61.1 |
50.0 |
18 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
85.6 |
91.8 |
27.9 |
87.0 |
74.5 |
78.4 |
54.3 |
210 |
No |
71.9 |
80.1 |
12.9 |
70.1 |
58.0 |
77.0 |
43.2 |
2385 |
Size of facility |
1-249 |
57.1 |
68.4 |
4.4 |
57.1 |
46.9 |
64.6 |
44.9 |
606 |
250-499 |
65.3 |
74.6 |
7.8 |
67.0 |
54.2 |
75.7 |
39.0 |
475 |
500-999 |
73.8 |
81.9 |
12.1 |
70.8 |
57.4 |
80.1 |
42.6 |
569 |
1000-1999 |
81.2 |
86.1 |
20.4 |
79.2 |
66.7 |
80.3 |
48.3 |
564 |
2000-4999 |
85.1 |
88.6 |
23.2 |
81.4 |
70.2 |
81.2 |
46.0 |
463 |
5000 or more |
80.0 |
86.7 |
26.7 |
81.7 |
73.3 |
81.7 |
53.3 |
61 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
62.9 |
73.2 |
6.0 |
63.2 |
53.4 |
71.5 |
42.6 |
1067 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
74.7 |
81.6 |
15.0 |
71.3 |
57.4 |
78.5 |
43.6 |
1066 |
Level 3 NICU |
84.4 |
88.3 |
24.4 |
83.8 |
71.9 |
80.6 |
49.2 |
605 |
Census region |
Pacific |
77.2 |
83.0 |
18.1 |
69.6 |
63.5 |
78.3 |
45.4 |
370 |
Mountain |
71.8 |
72.2 |
14.1 |
61.5 |
56.8 |
76.1 |
45.3 |
245 |
West North Central |
64.7 |
76.0 |
15.5 |
66.9 |
55.6 |
73.2 |
49.4 |
364 |
East North Central |
75.1 |
84.2 |
14.7 |
76.0 |
58.0 |
77.8 |
44.9 |
460 |
West South Central |
68.9 |
69.2 |
7.3 |
69.2 |
57.1 |
70.7 |
42.3 |
346 |
East South Central |
69.5 |
77.2 |
7.8 |
67.7 |
56.9 |
74.3 |
39.5 |
173 |
New England |
81.1 |
87.9 |
16.7 |
79.5 |
70.5 |
80.3 |
52.3 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
79.6 |
86.9 |
13.9 |
75.9 |
62.9 |
79.2 |
44.9 |
246 |
South Atlantic |
68.7 |
83.2 |
13.2 |
72.8 |
57.3 |
78.0 |
39.1 |
400 |
Table 7.3a: Documentation of breastfeeding practices by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 |
|
Does the facility document rates of breastfeeding among patients |
|
Yes, rates are assessed |
Only intention at admission |
No/not sure |
N |
All |
71.8 |
14.4 |
13.8 |
2717 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
90.8 |
2.1 |
7.1 |
141 |
Government hospital |
65.8 |
14.2 |
20.0 |
521 |
Non-profit hospital |
73.9 |
14.9 |
11.2 |
1695 |
Private hospital |
62.6 |
17.5 |
19.9 |
342 |
Military hospital |
72.2 |
11.1 |
16.7 |
18 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
80.5 |
12.4 |
7.1 |
210 |
No |
69.9 |
15.3 |
14.8 |
2366 |
Size of facility |
1-249 |
66.7 |
11.0 |
22.3 |
600 |
250-499 |
64.5 |
19.1 |
16.3 |
471 |
500-999 |
71.3 |
17.0 |
11.7 |
565 |
1000-1999 |
77.7 |
12.1 |
10.2 |
561 |
2000-4999 |
77.6 |
14.4 |
8.1 |
459 |
5000 or more |
83.6 |
9.8 |
6.6 |
61 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
67.3 |
14.2 |
18.6 |
1060 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
71.4 |
15.4 |
13.2 |
1057 |
Level 3 NICU |
80.3 |
13.2 |
6.5 |
600 |
Census region |
Pacific |
79.4 |
5.7 |
14.9 |
369 |
Mountain |
65.6 |
16.0 |
18.4 |
244 |
West North Central |
61.1 |
17.8 |
21.1 |
360 |
East North Central |
75.6 |
15.7 |
8.7 |
459 |
West South Central |
66.4 |
16.7 |
17.0 |
342 |
East South Central |
70.5 |
16.8 |
12.7 |
173 |
New England |
82.6 |
11.4 |
6.1 |
132 |
Middle Atlantic |
79.6 |
14.3 |
6.1 |
245 |
South Atlantic |
70.5 |
15.3 |
14.2 |
393 |
Table 7.4a: Supports offered to breastfeeding staff members by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 |
|
Designated room to express milk |
On-site child care |
Electric breast pump provided |
Permission to use breaks to express milk |
Breastfeeding support group |
Lactation consultant available |
Paid maternity leave |
N |
All |
82.5 |
12.8 |
80.1 |
97.1 |
25.1 |
73.7 |
34.3 |
2738 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
73.3 |
18.8 |
45.5 |
84.2 |
40.3 |
69.2 |
21.1 |
143 |
Government hospital |
75.9 |
8.7 |
70.4 |
97.3 |
16.4 |
61.4 |
30.5 |
525 |
Non-profit hospital |
85.6 |
14.7 |
85.5 |
98.3 |
27.0 |
79.4 |
37.0 |
1707 |
Private hospital |
80.9 |
6.6 |
82.0 |
95.6 |
23.3 |
66.2 |
29.3 |
345 |
Military hospital |
77.8 |
22.2 |
72.2 |
100.0 |
22.2 |
72.2 |
66.7 |
18 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
94.8 |
23.9 |
93.8 |
99.0 |
28.4 |
91.4 |
43.5 |
210 |
No |
81.9 |
11.5 |
80.8 |
97.6 |
24.0 |
72.4 |
34.2 |
2385 |
Size of facility |
1-249 |
68.0 |
6.8 |
52.9 |
93.0 |
18.0 |
55.4 |
28.5 |
606 |
250-499 |
77.3 |
5.4 |
77.6 |
97.4 |
17.3 |
61.7 |
31.8 |
475 |
500-999 |
84.4 |
10.0 |
90.8 |
97.9 |
27.4 |
78.1 |
33.6 |
569 |
1000-1999 |
90.0 |
18.0 |
89.1 |
98.2 |
30.9 |
85.6 |
37.6 |
564 |
2000-4999 |
92.8 |
22.1 |
91.1 |
99.1 |
30.7 |
87.8 |
38.5 |
463 |
5000 or more |
95.1 |
34.4 |
95.1 |
100.0 |
36.7 |
85.2 |
50.8 |
61 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
72.7 |
6.9 |
66.4 |
94.9 |
19.8 |
60.5 |
30.9 |
1067 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
86.0 |
12.2 |
86.7 |
98.3 |
26.4 |
77.7 |
34.8 |
1066 |
Level 3 NICU |
93.2 |
24.0 |
92.2 |
98.7 |
32.0 |
89.5 |
39.0 |
605 |
Census region |
Pacific |
79.5 |
9.4 |
76.6 |
97.3 |
24.8 |
72.4 |
47.6 |
370 |
Mountain |
75.9 |
12.6 |
74.6 |
95.0 |
21.7 |
68.3 |
32.5 |
245 |
West North Central |
79.4 |
11.0 |
68.2 |
98.9 |
20.9 |
67.3 |
33.3 |
364 |
East North Central |
89.3 |
12.9 |
87.1 |
98.0 |
29.1 |
83.8 |
40.8 |
460 |
West South Central |
78.5 |
7.4 |
73.2 |
93.0 |
16.1 |
61.1 |
22.7 |
346 |
East South Central |
77.1 |
11.7 |
79.1 |
95.9 |
12.4 |
71.5 |
19.0 |
173 |
New England |
92.4 |
16.3 |
95.5 |
99.2 |
52.7 |
92.4 |
31.3 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
89.0 |
18.8 |
90.6 |
98.4 |
31.2 |
80.7 |
41.6 |
246 |
South Atlantic |
82.5 |
18.0 |
84.5 |
97.9 |
27.2 |
73.4 |
29.2 |
400 |
Table 7.5a: Facility's receipt of free formula by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 |
|
Does the facility receive infant formula free of charge |
|
Yes |
No |
Not sure |
N |
All |
82.0 |
16.0 |
2.0 |
2723 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
13.4 |
85.9 |
0.7 |
142 |
Government hospital |
88.0 |
9.6 |
2.5 |
523 |
Non-profit hospital |
83.7 |
14.2 |
2.1 |
1696 |
Private hospital |
94.5 |
4.7 |
0.9 |
344 |
Military hospital |
50.0 |
44.4 |
5.6 |
18 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
80.4 |
18.7 |
1.0 |
209 |
No |
86.3 |
11.6 |
2.2 |
2372 |
Size of facility |
1-249 |
69.9 |
26.3 |
3.8 |
601 |
250-499 |
88.2 |
9.9 |
1.9 |
474 |
500-999 |
87.2 |
11.5 |
1.2 |
564 |
1000-1999 |
84.9 |
13.9 |
1.2 |
562 |
2000-4999 |
81.6 |
16.9 |
1.5 |
461 |
5000 or more |
82.0 |
16.4 |
1.6 |
61 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
76.5 |
20.6 |
2.8 |
1061 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
87.2 |
11.3 |
1.5 |
1059 |
Level 3 NICU |
82.6 |
16.1 |
1.3 |
603 |
Census region |
Pacific |
61.2 |
35.5 |
3.3 |
366 |
Mountain |
81.8 |
15.3 |
2.9 |
242 |
West North Central |
84.8 |
12.2 |
3.0 |
361 |
East North Central |
86.5 |
12.4 |
1.1 |
449 |
West South Central |
87.3 |
11.8 |
0.9 |
346 |
East South Central |
92.5 |
6.4 |
1.2 |
173 |
New England |
64.9 |
34.3 |
0.7 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
88.1 |
9.8 |
2.0 |
244 |
South Atlantic |
86.4 |
11.6 |
2.0 |
398 |
Table 7.6a: Inclusion of breastfeeding in prenatal patient education by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 |
|
Does the facility include breastfeeding as component of prenatal education |
|
Yes |
No/not sure |
N |
All |
92.8 |
7.2 |
2715 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
89.4 |
10.6 |
141 |
Government hospital |
86.4 |
13.6 |
523 |
Non-profit hospital |
95.4 |
4.6 |
1692 |
Private hospital |
91.2 |
8.8 |
341 |
Military hospital |
94.4 |
5.6 |
18 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
97.1 |
2.9 |
208 |
No |
92.6 |
7.4 |
2366 |
Size of facility |
1-249 |
86.1 |
13.9 |
598 |
250-499 |
89.2 |
10.8 |
471 |
500-999 |
94.2 |
5.8 |
566 |
1000-1999 |
97.1 |
2.9 |
559 |
2000-4999 |
97.6 |
2.4 |
460 |
5000 or more |
98.4 |
1.6 |
61 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
87.8 |
12.2 |
1057 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
94.9 |
5.1 |
1057 |
Level 3 NICU |
98.0 |
2.0 |
601 |
Census region |
Pacific |
89.4 |
10.6 |
368 |
Mountain |
93.3 |
6.7 |
239 |
West North Central |
95.3 |
4.7 |
362 |
East North Central |
98.0 |
2.0 |
458 |
West South Central |
81.9 |
18.1 |
342 |
East South Central |
92.5 |
7.5 |
173 |
New England |
97.8 |
2.2 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
95.1 |
4.9 |
244 |
South Atlantic |
93.9 |
6.1 |
395 |
Table 7.7a: Existence of a designated lactation coordinator by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 |
|
Does the facility have a designated lactation coordinator |
|
Yes |
No |
N |
All |
71.2 |
28.8 |
2731 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
46.5 |
53.5 |
142 |
Government hospital |
60.5 |
39.5 |
524 |
Non-profit hospital |
78.0 |
22.0 |
1703 |
Private hospital |
63.7 |
36.3 |
344 |
Military hospital |
72.2 |
27.8 |
18 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
91.9 |
8.1 |
210 |
No |
70.8 |
29.2 |
2379 |
Size of facility |
1-249 |
48.1 |
51.9 |
603 |
250-499 |
57.6 |
42.4 |
474 |
500-999 |
74.6 |
25.4 |
567 |
1000-1999 |
85.8 |
14.2 |
563 |
2000-4999 |
90.7 |
9.3 |
463 |
5000 or more |
90.2 |
9.8 |
61 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
54.8 |
45.2 |
1062 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
75.9 |
24.1 |
1064 |
Level 3 NICU |
91.6 |
8.4 |
605 |
Census region |
Pacific |
72.2 |
27.8 |
370 |
Mountain |
65.6 |
34.4 |
244 |
West North Central |
65.4 |
34.6 |
361 |
East North Central |
80.6 |
19.4 |
458 |
West South Central |
57.8 |
42.2 |
346 |
East South Central |
67.1 |
32.9 |
173 |
New England |
85.1 |
14.9 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
80.1 |
19.9 |
246 |
South Atlantic |
71.4 |
28.6 |
399 |