Table 7.1b: Elements of a written hospital policy by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	In-service training	Prenatal breastfeeding classes	Asking about mothers' feeding plans	Early initiation of breastfeeding	Teaching lactation maintenance during separation	Exclusive breastfeeding	24 hr/day rooming-in	Breastfeeding on-demand	Pacifier use	Referral of mothers with breastfeeding problems	N
All	49.9	48.8	75.1	83.1	65.1	59.4	63.3	74.8	44.6	66.9	2666
State
AK	36.8	36.8	73.7	77.8	47.4	55.6	73.7	73.7	44.4	76.5	19
AL	58.3	56.3	75.0	81.6	62.5	55.3	52.1	70.8	47.9	64.4	48
AR	52.6	34.2	84.2	84.0	57.9	50.0	50.0	57.9	44.7	62.9	38
AZ	39.5	36.8	71.1	80.6	60.5	55.3	73.7	71.1	34.2	54.1	38
CA	55.0	54.5	84.2	92.4	80.7	68.8	80.7	86.6	56.4	82.3	202
CO	32.7	36.7	67.3	82.6	69.4	61.2	67.3	79.6	51.0	75.6	49
CT	58.3	75.0	87.5	95.5	79.2	66.7	83.3	75.0	62.5	76.2	24
DC	50.0	50.0	100.0	100.0	83.3	83.3	66.7	83.3	33.3	83.3	6
DE	20.0	60.0	60.0	75.0	80.0	100.0	80.0	100.0	40.0	60.0	5
FL	43.4	48.5	73.7	84.3	65.7	57.6	59.6	66.7	38.4	66.7	99
GA	47.7	43.1	73.8	81.5	64.6	55.4	60.0	70.8	40.0	67.7	65
HI	44.4	44.4	66.7	87.5	66.7	55.6	100.0	100.0	33.3	77.8	9
IA	56.5	43.5	71.0	78.9	49.3	50.7	44.9	66.7	34.8	57.8	69
ID	53.3	50.0	66.7	88.0	50.0	60.0	73.3	73.3	36.7	55.2	30
IL	45.6	53.4	70.9	80.2	63.1	58.3	58.3	68.9	38.8	58.9	103
IN	52.9	48.2	75.3	86.8	58.8	62.4	51.8	72.9	47.1	61.0	85
KS	38.5	43.1	63.1	78.2	56.9	47.7	56.9	76.9	33.8	57.6	65
KY	54.8	38.1	73.8	79.4	66.7	54.8	57.1	78.6	45.2	59.5	42
LA	57.8	53.3	93.3	94.3	75.6	66.7	60.0	80.0	55.6	74.4	45
MA	60.9	63.0	89.1	97.7	89.1	80.4	78.3	87.0	71.7	93.2	46
MD	34.6	53.8	88.5	95.8	84.6	72.0	69.2	92.3	46.2	68.0	26
ME	57.7	57.7	84.6	91.3	65.4	73.1	84.6	88.5	73.1	80.8	26
MI	57.1	50.6	71.4	82.9	74.0	59.7	61.0	75.3	48.1	65.8	77
MN	37.9	52.9	65.5	77.6	55.2	60.9	62.1	75.9	49.4	67.9	87
MO	49.2	41.0	73.8	76.0	65.6	57.4	60.7	83.6	42.6	70.9	61
MS	42.9	46.4	67.9	52.9	57.1	46.4	50.0	42.9	21.4	42.3	28
MT	34.6	46.2	65.4	72.0	42.3	42.3	69.2	53.8	30.8	56.0	26
NC	47.1	46.4	66.7	75.0	69.6	60.9	59.4	75.4	39.1	57.1	69
ND	58.3	41.7	58.3	83.3	83.3	66.7	50.0	91.7	50.0	60.0	12
NE	33.3	51.0	71.4	75.0	44.9	42.9	61.2	67.3	38.8	54.5	49
NH	61.9	61.9	76.2	94.7	61.9	71.4	71.4	85.7	61.9	81.0	21
NJ	65.1	51.2	83.7	92.5	83.7	65.1	65.1	86.0	55.8	86.0	43
NM	20.0	15.0	50.0	50.0	35.0	50.0	65.0	40.0	25.0	36.8	20
NV	26.7	26.7	46.7	53.8	40.0	40.0	46.7	40.0	26.7	33.3	15
NY	51.3	61.1	81.4	93.3	85.8	77.0	77.9	90.3	63.7	83.8	113
OH	59.4	52.6	72.2	83.9	73.2	63.9	67.0	80.4	50.0	70.8	97
OK	49.0	39.2	66.7	66.7	52.9	49.0	54.9	56.9	27.5	42.6	51
OR	47.2	62.3	83.0	90.0	66.0	67.9	81.1	83.0	35.8	74.5	53
PA	57.5	58.6	75.9	87.7	66.7	58.6	60.9	82.8	47.1	75.0	87
PR	60.0	66.7	86.7	84.6	60.0	33.3	60.0	66.7	33.3	71.4	15
RI	85.7	85.7	100.0	100.0	100.0	85.7	100.0	85.7	71.4	85.7	7
SC	50.0	41.7	80.6	82.1	61.1	47.2	55.6	72.2	36.1	65.7	36
SD	47.6	42.9	76.2	72.2	42.9	42.9	57.1	61.9	28.6	65.0	21
TN	59.6	43.9	78.9	84.6	63.2	57.9	61.4	68.4	40.4	58.9	57
TX	54.7	44.3	71.9	74.8	54.7	51.6	54.2	63.0	34.9	57.9	192
UT	51.9	44.4	59.3	72.0	55.6	51.9	40.7	66.7	33.3	48.0	27
VA	55.1	44.9	73.5	79.1	71.4	49.0	63.3	73.5	38.8	79.5	49
VT	50.0	60.0	90.0	90.0	70.0	90.0	90.0	100.0	80.0	100.0	10
WA	43.3	37.3	83.6	90.9	62.7	61.2	74.6	79.1	41.8	68.3	67
WI	43.3	54.4	78.9	82.9	63.3	65.6	50.0	80.0	50.0	71.6	90
WV	39.3	32.1	78.6	91.7	64.3	57.1	60.7	82.1	32.1	42.3	28
WY	52.6	26.3	68.4	62.5	31.6	42.1	63.2	42.1	36.8	37.5	19

Table 7.2b: Modes used to inform staff of breastfeeding policies by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	In-service training	Policy is posted	Newsletter	New staff training	New staff orientation	Staff meeting	Word of mouth	N
All	68.7	76.3	13.3	69.0	59.4	72.2	48.4	2666
State
AK	47.4	63.2	5.3	68.4	52.6	52.6	42.1	19
AL	66.7	83.3	12.5	66.7	58.3	66.7	50.0	48
AR	76.3	84.2	10.5	63.2	52.6	71.1	63.2	38
AZ	73.7	84.2	18.4	76.3	52.6	76.3	42.1	38
CA	77.2	84.2	15.3	72.3	65.8	79.7	48.5	202
CO	59.2	85.7	18.4	77.6	65.3	75.5	57.1	49
CT	79.2	70.8	25.0	75.0	58.3	75.0	33.3	24
DC	66.7	83.3	33.3	100.0	50.0	66.7	66.7	6
DE	20.0	80.0	0.0	40.0	20.0	100.0	80.0	5
FL	66.7	70.7	7.1	61.6	57.6	68.7	42.4	99
GA	84.6	76.9	15.4	72.3	60.0	69.2	40.0	65
HI	55.6	77.8	33.3	44.4	66.7	66.7	77.8	9
IA	62.3	63.8	7.2	62.3	59.4	72.5	53.6	69
ID	76.7	86.7	13.3	70.0	70.0	80.0	53.3	30
IL	64.1	76.7	17.5	65.0	56.3	73.8	51.5	103
IN	63.5	76.5	15.3	63.5	57.6	69.4	52.9	85
KS	52.3	69.2	9.2	63.1	55.4	67.7	50.8	65
KY	61.9	78.6	7.1	73.8	66.7	73.8	40.5	42
LA	80.0	88.9	4.4	75.6	73.3	77.8	48.9	45
MA	73.9	97.8	23.9	84.8	76.1	82.6	56.5	46
MD	69.2	84.6	7.7	96.2	80.8	73.1	38.5	26
ME	76.9	92.3	7.7	88.5	73.1	88.5	61.5	26
MI	61.0	81.8	16.9	64.9	49.4	64.9	44.2	77
MN	63.2	72.4	20.7	58.6	52.9	66.7	41.4	87
MO	75.4	77.0	19.7	77.0	59.0	72.1	52.5	61
MS	67.9	64.3	3.6	60.7	42.9	57.1	57.1	28
MT	61.5	65.4	3.8	50.0	42.3	69.2	53.8	26
NC	69.6	71.0	8.7	62.3	55.1	76.8	37.7	69
ND	75.0	66.7	33.3	66.7	50.0	75.0	50.0	12
NE	53.1	57.1	10.2	61.2	40.8	63.3	55.1	49
NH	71.4	61.9	19.0	71.4	52.4	85.7	28.6	21
NJ	90.7	86.0	18.6	76.7	72.1	81.4	51.2	43
NM	50.0	70.0	10.0	35.0	30.0	60.0	55.0	20
NV	46.7	33.3	0.0	53.3	20.0	40.0	40.0	15
NY	69.9	85.8	14.2	80.5	65.5	70.8	44.2	113
OH	72.2	80.4	17.5	74.2	64.9	76.3	52.6	97
OK	58.8	70.6	3.9	54.9	51.0	66.7	60.8	51
OR	69.8	81.1	15.1	69.8	62.3	79.2	60.4	53
PA	73.6	83.9	8.0	78.2	72.4	74.7	54.0	87
PR	73.3	46.7	20.0	73.3	60.0	73.3	46.7	15
RI	71.4	100.0	14.3	85.7	71.4	85.7	71.4	7
SC	55.6	72.2	2.8	69.4	55.6	63.9	47.2	36
SD	71.4	57.1	14.3	76.2	66.7	71.4	38.1	21
TN	77.2	71.9	8.8	73.7	61.4	78.9	49.1	57
TX	68.8	63.0	8.9	63.0	56.8	67.7	41.1	192
UT	66.7	66.7	25.9	55.6	51.9	81.5	48.1	27
VA	69.4	83.7	16.3	71.4	63.3	77.6	53.1	49
VT	90.0	90.0	10.0	90.0	90.0	90.0	70.0	10
WA	71.6	76.1	23.9	73.1	61.2	64.2	46.3	67
WI	67.8	80.0	15.6	74.4	55.6	76.7	46.7	90
WV	60.7	82.1	3.6	64.3	64.3	60.7	35.7	28
WY	73.7	68.4	5.3	47.4	36.8	63.2	31.6	19

Table 7.3b: Documentation of breastfeeding practices by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	Does the facility document rates of breastfeeding among patients
	No/not sure	Only intention at admission	Yes, rates are assessed	N
All	19.9	13.1	67.0	2638
State
AK	26.3	5.3	68.4	19
AL	14.9	14.9	70.2	47
AR	28.9	15.8	55.3	38
AZ	31.6	21.1	47.4	38
CA	20.0	8.5	71.5	200
CO	24.5	8.2	67.3	49
CT	4.3	0.0	95.7	23
DC	33.3	0.0	66.7	6
DE	0.0	0.0	100.0	5
FL	19.6	12.4	68.0	97
GA	24.6	12.3	63.1	65
HI	11.1	0.0	88.9	9
IA	29.0	13.0	58.0	69
ID	10.0	16.7	73.3	30
IL	20.0	14.0	66.0	100
IN	16.7	10.7	72.6	84
KS	26.6	12.5	60.9	64
KY	21.4	19.0	59.5	42
LA	18.2	9.1	72.7	44
MA	2.2	13.3	84.4	45
MD	15.4	7.7	76.9	26
ME	0.0	3.8	96.2	26
MI	17.1	17.1	65.8	76
MN	31.0	14.9	54.0	87
MO	21.3	16.4	62.3	61
MS	51.9	7.4	40.7	27
MT	23.1	11.5	65.4	26
NC	14.5	18.8	66.7	69
ND	16.7	25.0	58.3	12
NE	29.2	8.3	62.5	48
NH	9.5	19.0	71.4	21
NJ	4.7	4.7	90.7	43
NM	15.8	15.8	68.4	19
NV	7.1	50.0	42.9	14
NY	3.6	12.5	83.9	112
OH	1.1	17.9	81.1	95
OK	33.3	13.7	52.9	51
OR	20.8	7.5	71.7	53
PA	18.4	16.1	65.5	87
PR	50.0	14.3	35.7	14
RI	0.0	14.3	85.7	7
SC	25.0	19.4	55.6	36
SD	23.8	23.8	52.4	21
TN	17.5	19.3	63.2	57
TX	30.2	11.6	58.2	189
UT	26.9	15.4	57.7	26
VA	16.3	20.4	63.3	49
VT	0.0	0.0	100.0	10
WA	28.8	13.6	57.6	66
WI	11.1	7.8	81.1	90
WV	33.3	14.8	51.9	27
WY	31.6	10.5	57.9	19

Table 7.4b: Supports offered to breastfeeding staff members by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	Designated room to express milk	On-site child care	Electric breast pump provided	Permission to use breaks to express milk	Breastfeeding support group	Lactation consultant available	Paid maternity leave	N
All	72.2	12.9	78.2	94.6	19.3	69.8	32.1	2666
State
AK	73.7	26.3	78.9	100.0	21.1	63.2	42.1	19
AL	70.8	8.3	72.9	97.9	22.9	72.9	25.0	48
AR	50.0	10.5	71.1	97.4	0.0	52.6	15.8	38
AZ	73.7	15.8	78.9	92.1	21.1	68.4	42.1	38
CA	75.2	9.4	79.7	91.6	22.8	69.8	57.4	202
CO	83.7	14.3	77.6	95.9	12.2	81.6	16.3	49
CT	91.7	25.0	91.7	95.8	41.7	75.0	29.2	24
DC	66.7	16.7	100.0	100.0	16.7	100.0	50.0	6
DE	60.0	20.0	80.0	100.0	0.0	80.0	0.0	5
FL	69.7	17.2	83.8	92.9	25.3	72.7	17.2	99
GA	64.6	12.3	83.1	93.8	10.8	70.8	12.3	65
HI	44.4	11.1	77.8	88.9	11.1	66.7	33.3	9
IA	72.5	15.9	76.8	98.6	23.2	60.9	47.8	69
ID	46.7	13.3	70.0	86.7	23.3	76.7	43.3	30
IL	74.8	21.4	86.4	91.3	16.5	74.8	30.1	103
IN	76.5	14.1	83.5	95.3	24.7	70.6	24.7	85
KS	64.6	9.2	63.1	96.9	13.8	55.4	30.8	65
KY	54.8	19.0	81.0	95.2	7.1	61.9	31.0	42
LA	64.4	4.4	66.7	93.3	17.8	60.0	13.3	45
MA	82.6	19.6	91.3	100.0	39.1	89.1	23.9	46
MD	80.8	26.9	84.6	92.3	26.9	84.6	19.2	26
ME	88.5	11.5	92.3	96.2	34.6	84.6	38.5	26
MI	85.7	22.1	90.9	97.4	20.8	75.3	48.1	77
MN	72.4	2.3	64.4	97.7	8.0	71.3	33.3	87
MO	75.4	14.8	80.3	96.7	26.2	68.9	21.3	61
MS	60.7	10.7	57.1	89.3	7.1	53.6	17.9	28
MT	61.5	11.5	61.5	96.2	7.7	73.1	34.6	26
NC	79.7	13.0	87.0	95.7	14.5	75.4	26.1	69
ND	58.3	0.0	66.7	91.7	16.7	83.3	8.3	12
NE	53.1	16.3	55.1	98.0	14.3	49.0	26.5	49
NH	85.7	28.6	85.7	95.2	42.9	85.7	19.0	21
NJ	88.4	39.5	97.7	97.7	34.9	74.4	67.4	43
NM	55.0	10.0	55.0	90.0	15.0	40.0	25.0	20
NV	46.7	6.7	73.3	80.0	13.3	46.7	26.7	15
NY	77.9	13.3	85.8	96.5	23.9	86.7	34.5	113
OH	88.7	8.2	93.8	97.9	28.9	87.6	30.9	97
OK	62.7	9.8	72.5	98.0	5.9	49.0	23.5	51
OR	69.8	11.3	69.8	90.6	22.6	69.8	30.2	53
PA	79.3	13.8	81.6	100.0	26.4	78.2	29.9	87
PR	66.7	0.0	26.7	80.0	33.3	66.7	86.7	15
RI	100.0	0.0	85.7	100.0	42.9	71.4	14.3	7
SC	75.0	8.3	80.6	91.7	16.7	66.7	44.4	36
SD	76.2	4.8	52.4	95.2	9.5	57.1	38.1	21
TN	59.6	10.5	84.2	91.2	17.5	57.9	29.8	57
TX	66.1	5.2	66.7	89.6	14.1	55.2	21.9	192
UT	77.8	14.8	81.5	96.3	14.8	66.7	29.6	27
VA	71.4	26.5	87.8	95.9	16.3	77.6	32.7	49
VT	70.0	0.0	90.0	100.0	50.0	80.0	30.0	10
WA	70.1	9.0	74.6	91.0	9.0	56.7	28.4	67
WI	78.9	11.1	83.3	96.7	17.8	86.7	50.0	90
WV	67.9	3.6	64.3	92.9	14.3	60.7	21.4	28
WY	47.4	26.3	89.5	100.0	5.3	57.9	26.3	19

Table 7.5b: Facility's receipt of free formula by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	Does the facility receive infant formula free of charge
	Yes	No	Not sure	N
All	87.2	10.5	2.3	2646
State
AK	47.4	42.1	10.5	19
AL	95.7	4.3	0.0	47
AR	94.6	2.7	2.7	37
AZ	92.1	5.3	2.6	38
CA	73.3	25.7	1.0	202
CO	85.7	12.2	2.0	49
CT	83.3	12.5	4.2	24
DC	83.3	16.7	0.0	6
DE	60.0	40.0	0.0	5
FL	85.7	13.3	1.0	98
GA	98.4	1.6	0.0	64
HI	100.0	0.0	0.0	8
IA	92.8	1.4	5.8	69
ID	86.7	6.7	6.7	30
IL	96.1	2.9	1.0	103
IN	87.1	10.6	2.4	85
KS	92.3	3.1	4.6	65
KY	90.5	7.1	2.4	42
LA	95.6	2.2	2.2	45
MA	84.8	15.2	0.0	46
MD	84.6	15.4	0.0	26
ME	76.9	23.1	0.0	26
MI	96.1	1.3	2.6	76
MN	87.4	6.9	5.7	87
MO	95.1	3.3	1.6	61
MS	96.4	0.0	3.6	28
MT	92.0	8.0	0.0	25
NC	95.6	2.9	1.5	68
ND	100.0	0.0	0.0	12
NE	95.7	4.3	0.0	47
NH	71.4	28.6	0.0	21
NJ	97.7	0.0	2.3	43
NM	70.0	25.0	5.0	20
NV	78.6	14.3	7.1	14
NY	91.2	7.1	1.8	113
OH	92.6	7.4	0.0	95
OK	100.0	0.0	0.0	50
OR	65.4	28.8	5.8	52
PA	92.0	5.7	2.3	87
PR	92.9	7.1	0.0	14
RI	57.1	42.9	0.0	7
SC	80.6	16.7	2.8	36
SD	95.2	0.0	4.8	21
TN	89.5	10.5	0.0	57
TX	80.4	15.3	4.2	189
UT	88.9	7.4	3.7	27
VA	89.8	10.2	0.0	49
VT	80.0	20.0	0.0	10
WA	67.2	28.4	4.5	67
WI	85.6	12.2	2.2	90
WV	92.9	3.6	3.6	28
WY	94.4	5.6	0.0	18

Table 7.6b: Inclusion of breastfeeding in prenatal patient education by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	Does the facility include breastfeeding as component of prenatal education
	No/not sure	Yes	N
All	7.2	92.8	2617
State
AK	26.3	73.7	19
AL	10.6	89.4	47
AR	23.7	76.3	38
AZ	10.8	89.2	37
CA	8.6	91.4	198
CO	6.1	93.9	49
CT	4.2	95.8	24
DC	0.0	100.0	6
DE	0.0	100.0	5
FL	1.0	99.0	97
GA	9.2	90.8	65
HI	0.0	100.0	9
IA	1.5	98.5	68
ID	0.0	100.0	30
IL	2.0	98.0	102
IN	3.6	96.4	84
KS	10.8	89.2	65
KY	11.9	88.1	42
LA	13.6	86.4	44
MA	2.2	97.8	46
MD	7.7	92.3	26
ME	0.0	100.0	26
MI	4.1	95.9	74
MN	3.5	96.5	86
MO	6.9	93.1	58
MS	14.8	85.2	27
MT	3.8	96.2	26
NC	5.9	94.1	68
ND	16.7	83.3	12
NE	8.2	91.8	49
NH	0.0	100.0	21
NJ	4.7	95.3	43
NM	10.0	90.0	20
NV	14.3	85.7	14
NY	1.8	98.2	112
OH	0.0	100.0	95
OK	22.9	77.1	48
OR	3.8	96.2	53
PA	3.7	96.3	82
PR	35.7	64.3	14
RI	0.0	100.0	6
SC	5.6	94.4	36
SD	5.0	95.0	20
TN	1.8	98.2	57
TX	16.7	83.3	186
UT	16.0	84.0	25
VA	0.0	100.0	48
VT	20.0	80.0	10
WA	15.4	84.6	65
WI	1.1	98.9	89
WV	10.7	89.3	28
WY	11.1	88.9	18

Table 7.7b: Existence of a designated lactation coordinator by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	Does the facility have a designated lactation coordinator
	Yes	No	N
All	72.4	27.6	2650
State
AK	61.1	38.9	18
AL	75.0	25.0	48
AR	50.0	50.0	38
AZ	78.4	21.6	37
CA	77.1	22.9	201
CO	87.8	12.2	49
CT	79.2	20.8	24
DC	100.0	0.0	6
DE	80.0	20.0	5
FL	73.7	26.3	99
GA	73.8	26.2	65
HI	44.4	55.6	9
IA	66.7	33.3	69
ID	80.0	20.0	30
IL	81.4	18.6	102
IN	72.6	27.4	84
KS	53.8	46.2	65
KY	61.9	38.1	42
LA	62.2	37.8	45
MA	89.1	10.9	46
MD	88.5	11.5	26
ME	84.6	15.4	26
MI	77.9	22.1	77
MN	70.1	29.9	87
MO	73.8	26.2	61
MS	60.7	39.3	28
MT	76.9	23.1	26
NC	72.5	27.5	69
ND	50.0	50.0	12
NE	60.4	39.6	48
NH	90.5	9.5	21
NJ	81.0	19.0	42
NM	40.0	60.0	20
NV	64.3	35.7	14
NY	83.2	16.8	113
OH	96.9	3.1	97
OK	54.9	45.1	51
OR	69.2	30.8	52
PA	79.3	20.7	87
PR	64.3	35.7	14
RI	100.0	0.0	7
SC	54.3	45.7	35
SD	61.9	38.1	21
TN	56.1	43.9	57
TX	59.3	40.7	189
UT	70.4	29.6	27
VA	79.6	20.4	49
VT	70.0	30.0	10
WA	63.6	36.4	66
WI	86.5	13.5	89
WV	57.1	42.9	28
WY	63.2	36.8	19