Table 7.1a: Elements of a written hospital policy by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
|
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
In-service training |
Prenatal breastfeeding classes |
Asking about mothers' feeding plans |
Early initiation of breastfeeding |
Teaching lactation maintenance during separation |
Exclusive breastfeeding |
24 hr/day rooming-in |
Breastfeeding on-demand |
Pacifier use |
Referral of mothers with breastfeeding problems |
N |
All |
50.1 |
48.9 |
75.2 |
83.3 |
65.2 |
59.5 |
63.5 |
74.9 |
44.6 |
67.1 |
2664 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
44.9 |
68.6 |
79.7 |
86.5 |
43.2 |
40.7 |
51.7 |
72.9 |
28.8 |
74.6 |
118 |
Government hospital |
49.2 |
42.9 |
70.2 |
77.6 |
55.0 |
53.0 |
62.8 |
68.5 |
38.7 |
57.4 |
524 |
Non-profit hospital |
51.2 |
50.3 |
76.3 |
84.9 |
69.9 |
64.5 |
65.9 |
78.0 |
49.0 |
70.3 |
1671 |
Private hospital |
46.5 |
42.2 |
75.1 |
81.3 |
65.0 |
50.9 |
55.0 |
69.9 |
37.4 |
62.3 |
329 |
Military hospital |
66.7 |
81.0 |
90.5 |
90.0 |
76.2 |
61.9 |
90.5 |
76.2 |
52.4 |
84.2 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
55.4 |
54.2 |
81.4 |
92.1 |
85.3 |
71.2 |
70.1 |
86.4 |
58.2 |
80.4 |
177 |
No |
49.9 |
47.6 |
74.5 |
82.4 |
64.8 |
59.5 |
63.6 |
74.2 |
44.4 |
65.7 |
2368 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
42.9 |
42.5 |
68.5 |
73.3 |
44.2 |
44.2 |
61.6 |
65.5 |
29.8 |
54.9 |
591 |
250-499 |
46.5 |
47.6 |
77.6 |
82.4 |
57.7 |
54.8 |
59.2 |
72.1 |
41.4 |
60.6 |
456 |
500-999 |
47.7 |
50.4 |
74.0 |
83.3 |
66.1 |
61.6 |
63.2 |
74.2 |
41.7 |
64.2 |
554 |
1000-1999 |
55.3 |
52.3 |
79.5 |
89.7 |
79.0 |
68.5 |
68.2 |
81.1 |
56.1 |
76.5 |
528 |
2000-4999 |
58.0 |
52.6 |
77.5 |
88.3 |
81.0 |
69.0 |
65.6 |
82.5 |
54.4 |
78.8 |
462 |
5000 or more |
59.7 |
49.2 |
79.4 |
89.1 |
88.9 |
76.2 |
61.9 |
85.7 |
65.1 |
86.9 |
63 |
Unknown |
60.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
10.0 |
40.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
40.0 |
50.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
44.4 |
45.1 |
72.9 |
77.6 |
52.6 |
51.5 |
63.0 |
71.0 |
37.5 |
59.4 |
1086 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
51.3 |
49.4 |
75.6 |
85.7 |
67.9 |
61.2 |
63.3 |
74.4 |
44.5 |
67.4 |
1022 |
Level 3 NICU |
58.8 |
55.4 |
78.8 |
89.0 |
85.1 |
72.1 |
64.9 |
83.6 |
58.8 |
80.9 |
556 |
Census region |
Pacific |
50.7 |
51.3 |
82.7 |
90.9 |
72.8 |
65.9 |
79.9 |
84.4 |
49.1 |
77.9 |
353 |
Mountain |
39.5 |
37.2 |
64.1 |
74.5 |
52.5 |
52.9 |
64.6 |
63.7 |
36.8 |
54.6 |
223 |
West North Central |
44.0 |
46.1 |
68.8 |
77.5 |
55.0 |
52.8 |
57.2 |
74.3 |
40.3 |
62.5 |
362 |
East North Central |
51.6 |
52.1 |
73.8 |
83.4 |
66.5 |
62.1 |
57.9 |
75.6 |
46.7 |
65.8 |
451 |
West South Central |
54.2 |
43.7 |
75.7 |
77.4 |
57.8 |
53.2 |
54.8 |
64.0 |
37.8 |
58.6 |
325 |
East South Central |
55.4 |
46.3 |
74.9 |
78.1 |
62.9 |
54.6 |
56.0 |
67.4 |
40.6 |
57.9 |
175 |
New England |
60.4 |
64.9 |
86.6 |
95.1 |
77.6 |
76.1 |
81.3 |
85.8 |
69.4 |
85.9 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
55.8 |
58.7 |
79.8 |
91.3 |
78.9 |
68.2 |
69.8 |
86.8 |
56.6 |
81.5 |
242 |
South Atlantic |
46.5 |
46.4 |
75.2 |
82.9 |
68.2 |
57.0 |
61.2 |
73.9 |
38.3 |
65.5 |
399 |
Table 7.2a: Modes used to inform staff of breastfeeding policies by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
In-service training |
Policy is posted |
Newsletter |
New staff training |
New staff orientation |
Staff meeting |
Word of mouth |
N |
All |
68.8 |
76.4 |
13.3 |
69.1 |
59.5 |
72.4 |
48.5 |
2664 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
58.5 |
50.0 |
2.5 |
55.9 |
39.8 |
55.1 |
48.3 |
118 |
Government hospital |
64.1 |
73.1 |
9.0 |
60.5 |
52.5 |
68.7 |
44.8 |
524 |
Non-profit hospital |
70.7 |
79.5 |
16.3 |
73.4 |
62.9 |
74.2 |
50.4 |
1671 |
Private hospital |
70.2 |
75.4 |
9.4 |
66.3 |
60.2 |
76.3 |
45.3 |
329 |
Military hospital |
71.4 |
81.0 |
0.0 |
66.7 |
61.9 |
57.1 |
42.9 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
80.8 |
87.0 |
23.2 |
87.0 |
76.3 |
75.7 |
55.4 |
177 |
No |
68.5 |
76.9 |
13.0 |
68.5 |
59.2 |
73.0 |
48.0 |
2368 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
56.3 |
63.8 |
4.2 |
56.3 |
45.2 |
61.9 |
45.2 |
591 |
250-499 |
62.3 |
72.6 |
6.1 |
64.5 |
53.5 |
71.1 |
45.2 |
456 |
500-999 |
67.1 |
77.6 |
11.4 |
68.1 |
57.6 |
73.3 |
48.2 |
554 |
1000-1999 |
77.1 |
85.0 |
19.3 |
74.6 |
67.4 |
79.4 |
52.3 |
528 |
2000-4999 |
82.5 |
84.2 |
24.9 |
82.9 |
74.5 |
77.9 |
50.4 |
462 |
5000 or more |
82.5 |
87.3 |
30.2 |
87.3 |
79.4 |
77.8 |
58.7 |
63 |
Unknown |
40.0 |
50.0 |
10.0 |
50.0 |
40.0 |
50.0 |
60.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
59.9 |
68.6 |
7.2 |
61.5 |
50.0 |
66.0 |
43.6 |
1086 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
70.5 |
79.3 |
13.9 |
69.2 |
61.1 |
75.0 |
50.6 |
1022 |
Level 3 NICU |
83.1 |
86.5 |
23.9 |
83.8 |
75.0 |
80.0 |
54.3 |
556 |
Census region |
Pacific |
73.1 |
81.0 |
16.7 |
71.4 |
63.7 |
75.1 |
50.4 |
353 |
Mountain |
65.0 |
74.9 |
13.9 |
62.8 |
51.1 |
71.7 |
49.3 |
223 |
West North Central |
62.7 |
68.0 |
14.4 |
64.9 |
54.7 |
69.1 |
49.2 |
362 |
East North Central |
66.1 |
79.2 |
16.6 |
68.7 |
57.2 |
72.7 |
49.9 |
451 |
West South Central |
69.8 |
70.5 |
7.7 |
63.7 |
57.8 |
69.5 |
48.0 |
325 |
East South Central |
69.1 |
75.4 |
8.6 |
69.7 |
58.9 |
70.9 |
48.6 |
175 |
New England |
76.1 |
85.8 |
18.7 |
82.1 |
69.4 |
83.6 |
50.7 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
74.8 |
85.1 |
12.8 |
78.9 |
69.0 |
74.4 |
49.2 |
242 |
South Atlantic |
68.7 |
74.7 |
10.0 |
68.7 |
59.6 |
71.2 |
43.4 |
399 |
Table 7.3a: Documentation of breastfeeding practices by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
Does the facility document rates of breastfeeding among patients |
|
No/not sure |
Only intention at admission |
Yes, rates are assessed |
N |
All |
20.0 |
13.1 |
66.9 |
2640 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
2.6 |
3.4 |
94.0 |
117 |
Government hospital |
23.8 |
13.8 |
62.4 |
521 |
Non-profit hospital |
17.3 |
13.7 |
68.9 |
1655 |
Private hospital |
33.2 |
12.3 |
54.5 |
325 |
Military hospital |
28.6 |
9.5 |
61.9 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
12.1 |
10.3 |
77.6 |
174 |
No |
21.5 |
13.8 |
64.8 |
2348 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
24.5 |
10.4 |
65.1 |
588 |
250-499 |
26.3 |
11.7 |
62.0 |
453 |
500-999 |
20.9 |
14.7 |
64.5 |
546 |
1000-1999 |
13.4 |
16.5 |
70.1 |
521 |
2000-4999 |
16.3 |
12.8 |
70.9 |
461 |
5000 or more |
9.7 |
9.7 |
80.6 |
62 |
Unknown |
0.0 |
0.0 |
100.0 |
9 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
23.1 |
12.4 |
64.5 |
1078 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
20.0 |
14.4 |
65.6 |
1011 |
Level 3 NICU |
14.0 |
11.8 |
74.2 |
551 |
Census region |
Pacific |
22.0 |
8.9 |
69.1 |
350 |
Mountain |
22.6 |
16.3 |
61.1 |
221 |
West North Central |
27.1 |
14.4 |
58.4 |
361 |
East North Central |
13.1 |
13.3 |
73.6 |
444 |
West South Central |
28.9 |
12.1 |
59.0 |
322 |
East South Central |
23.1 |
16.2 |
60.7 |
173 |
New England |
3.0 |
9.1 |
87.9 |
132 |
Middle Atlantic |
9.1 |
12.4 |
78.4 |
241 |
South Atlantic |
21.7 |
14.6 |
63.6 |
396 |
Table 7.4a: Supports offered to breastfeeding staff members by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
Designated room to express milk |
On-site child care |
Electric breast pump provided |
Permission to use breaks to express milk |
Breastfeeding support group |
Lactation consultant available |
Paid maternity leave |
N |
All |
72.4 |
13.0 |
78.3 |
94.7 |
19.4 |
69.9 |
32.1 |
2664 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
51.7 |
10.2 |
33.9 |
77.1 |
28.0 |
64.4 |
20.3 |
118 |
Government hospital |
62.4 |
6.9 |
68.1 |
93.7 |
14.1 |
58.8 |
26.5 |
524 |
Non-profit hospital |
77.8 |
16.6 |
83.8 |
96.3 |
21.8 |
75.5 |
35.2 |
1671 |
Private hospital |
67.8 |
5.5 |
81.5 |
93.9 |
12.2 |
60.8 |
26.1 |
329 |
Military hospital |
76.2 |
14.3 |
90.5 |
100.0 |
23.8 |
71.4 |
85.7 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
87.0 |
24.9 |
89.3 |
97.2 |
24.9 |
87.0 |
28.2 |
177 |
No |
72.3 |
12.2 |
79.7 |
95.4 |
18.6 |
68.8 |
33.0 |
2368 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
53.0 |
5.4 |
50.6 |
89.8 |
13.2 |
49.2 |
28.9 |
591 |
250-499 |
68.2 |
4.4 |
78.1 |
95.0 |
14.5 |
57.9 |
30.0 |
456 |
500-999 |
76.4 |
10.8 |
87.2 |
95.7 |
21.3 |
72.7 |
31.0 |
554 |
1000-1999 |
81.4 |
19.1 |
90.0 |
97.5 |
22.9 |
84.8 |
34.1 |
528 |
2000-4999 |
85.5 |
24.7 |
89.8 |
96.5 |
24.9 |
84.8 |
35.9 |
462 |
5000 or more |
84.1 |
27.0 |
90.5 |
96.8 |
23.8 |
88.9 |
47.6 |
63 |
Unknown |
30.0 |
20.0 |
10.0 |
70.0 |
40.0 |
70.0 |
0.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
60.5 |
5.2 |
63.5 |
92.0 |
14.0 |
55.2 |
30.6 |
1086 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
77.7 |
14.8 |
87.4 |
96.1 |
22.9 |
75.4 |
32.3 |
1022 |
Level 3 NICU |
85.8 |
25.0 |
90.5 |
97.5 |
23.6 |
88.3 |
34.9 |
556 |
Census region |
Pacific |
72.5 |
10.8 |
76.8 |
91.8 |
19.8 |
66.6 |
46.2 |
353 |
Mountain |
65.9 |
14.3 |
74.4 |
93.3 |
14.8 |
68.2 |
30.5 |
223 |
West North Central |
69.1 |
10.2 |
67.4 |
97.5 |
16.3 |
62.7 |
32.3 |
362 |
East North Central |
80.7 |
15.3 |
87.8 |
95.6 |
21.7 |
79.4 |
36.1 |
451 |
West South Central |
63.7 |
6.5 |
68.3 |
92.6 |
11.7 |
54.8 |
20.3 |
325 |
East South Central |
61.7 |
12.0 |
76.0 |
93.7 |
14.9 |
62.3 |
26.9 |
175 |
New England |
85.8 |
17.9 |
90.3 |
97.8 |
40.3 |
83.6 |
26.9 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
80.2 |
18.2 |
86.4 |
97.9 |
26.9 |
81.8 |
38.8 |
242 |
South Atlantic |
71.9 |
15.0 |
81.2 |
93.7 |
18.5 |
73.2 |
25.6 |
399 |
Table 7.5a: Facility's receipt of free formula by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
Does the facility receive infant formula free of charge |
|
Yes |
No |
Not sure |
N |
All |
87.2 |
10.6 |
2.3 |
2648 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
19.5 |
78.0 |
2.5 |
118 |
Government hospital |
89.0 |
6.8 |
4.2 |
518 |
Non-profit hospital |
90.0 |
8.4 |
1.6 |
1663 |
Private hospital |
96.3 |
2.1 |
1.5 |
327 |
Military hospital |
52.4 |
33.3 |
14.3 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
86.4 |
10.7 |
2.8 |
177 |
No |
90.6 |
7.2 |
2.2 |
2352 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
76.5 |
19.3 |
4.3 |
586 |
250-499 |
92.7 |
5.1 |
2.2 |
455 |
500-999 |
92.9 |
5.1 |
2.0 |
550 |
1000-1999 |
90.3 |
8.6 |
1.1 |
525 |
2000-4999 |
85.8 |
12.4 |
1.7 |
459 |
5000 or more |
88.9 |
11.1 |
0.0 |
63 |
Unknown |
30.0 |
70.0 |
0.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
83.2 |
13.6 |
3.2 |
1078 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
91.0 |
7.1 |
1.9 |
1016 |
Level 3 NICU |
87.7 |
11.0 |
1.3 |
554 |
Census region |
Pacific |
69.8 |
27.4 |
2.8 |
351 |
Mountain |
86.9 |
10.0 |
3.2 |
221 |
West North Central |
92.5 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
361 |
East North Central |
91.5 |
6.9 |
1.6 |
448 |
West South Central |
87.2 |
9.7 |
3.1 |
321 |
East South Central |
92.5 |
6.3 |
1.1 |
174 |
New England |
79.1 |
20.1 |
0.7 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
92.6 |
5.4 |
2.1 |
242 |
South Atlantic |
89.9 |
9.1 |
1.0 |
396 |
Table 7.6a: Inclusion of breastfeeding in prenatal patient education by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
Does the facility include breastfeeding as component of prenatal education |
|
No/not sure |
Yes |
N |
All |
7.2 |
92.8 |
2616 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
12.1 |
87.9 |
116 |
Government hospital |
15.4 |
84.6 |
514 |
Non-profit hospital |
4.0 |
96.0 |
1643 |
Private hospital |
8.7 |
91.3 |
321 |
Military hospital |
4.8 |
95.2 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
2.3 |
97.7 |
172 |
No |
7.3 |
92.7 |
2327 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
16.5 |
83.5 |
582 |
250-499 |
9.4 |
90.6 |
446 |
500-999 |
4.6 |
95.4 |
541 |
1000-1999 |
2.5 |
97.5 |
522 |
2000-4999 |
2.6 |
97.4 |
455 |
5000 or more |
0.0 |
100.0 |
61 |
Unknown |
0.0 |
100.0 |
9 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
12.7 |
87.3 |
1065 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
3.9 |
96.1 |
1003 |
Level 3 NICU |
2.6 |
97.4 |
548 |
Census region |
Pacific |
9.8 |
90.2 |
347 |
Mountain |
8.3 |
91.7 |
218 |
West North Central |
6.2 |
93.8 |
356 |
East North Central |
2.0 |
98.0 |
443 |
West South Central |
18.1 |
81.9 |
315 |
East South Central |
8.7 |
91.3 |
173 |
New England |
3.0 |
97.0 |
133 |
Middle Atlantic |
2.5 |
97.5 |
236 |
South Atlantic |
5.8 |
94.2 |
395 |
Table 7.7a: Existence of a designated lactation coordinator by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
Does the facility have a designated lactation coordinator |
|
Yes |
No |
N |
All |
72.3 |
27.7 |
2652 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
47.5 |
52.5 |
118 |
Government hospital |
64.6 |
35.4 |
522 |
Non-profit hospital |
77.7 |
22.3 |
1664 |
Private hospital |
65.4 |
34.6 |
327 |
Military hospital |
80.0 |
20.0 |
20 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
92.7 |
7.3 |
177 |
No |
72.0 |
28.0 |
2356 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
50.5 |
49.5 |
588 |
250-499 |
58.2 |
41.8 |
455 |
500-999 |
73.1 |
26.9 |
551 |
1000-1999 |
88.0 |
12.0 |
523 |
2000-4999 |
92.6 |
7.4 |
462 |
5000 or more |
92.1 |
7.9 |
63 |
Unknown |
60.0 |
40.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
56.3 |
43.7 |
1081 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
78.1 |
21.9 |
1016 |
Level 3 NICU |
92.6 |
7.4 |
555 |
Census region |
Pacific |
71.3 |
28.7 |
349 |
Mountain |
73.9 |
26.1 |
222 |
West North Central |
64.6 |
35.4 |
362 |
East North Central |
83.5 |
16.5 |
448 |
West South Central |
57.9 |
42.1 |
323 |
East South Central |
63.4 |
36.6 |
175 |
New England |
85.8 |
14.2 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
81.3 |
18.7 |
241 |
South Atlantic |
72.1 |
27.9 |
398 |