| table 7.1a: Elements of a written hospital policy by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | |||||||||||
| In-service training | Prenatal breastfeeding classes | Asking about mothers' feeding plans | Early initiation of breastfeeding | Teaching lactation maintenance during separation | Exclusive breastfeeding | 24 hr/day rooming-in | Breastfeeding on-demand | Pacifier use | Referral of mothers with breastfeeding problems | N | |
| All | 47.8 | 48.1 | 73.3 | 80.3 | 60.8 | 54.0 | 65.4 | 72.8 | 40.7 | 64.7 | 2690 |
| Type of facility | |||||||||||
| Birth center | 38.5 | 73.8 | 82.0 | 86.8 | 47.5 | 32.0 | 64.8 | 74.6 | 24.6 | 77.7 | 122 |
| Government hospital | 46.8 | 39.5 | 68.8 | 74.1 | 49.1 | 48.3 | 63.9 | 64.8 | 33.3 | 54.8 | 532 |
| Non-profit hospital | 49.1 | 49.5 | 74.1 | 82.2 | 65.4 | 58.2 | 66.0 | 75.6 | 44.8 | 68.3 | 1698 |
| Private hospital | 45.7 | 43.1 | 73.3 | 75.9 | 60.5 | 48.2 | 63.7 | 69.1 | 35.7 | 56.2 | 311 |
| Military hospital | 59.3 | 70.4 | 70.4 | 83.3 | 70.4 | 63.0 | 85.2 | 81.5 | 59.3 | 73.1 | 27 |
| Size of facility | |||||||||||
| 0-249 | 38.6 | 41.7 | 68.7 | 73.2 | 42.1 | 43.8 | 63.8 | 66.5 | 29.8 | 56.5 | 630 |
| 250-499 | 42.2 | 46.4 | 73.2 | 78.0 | 52.7 | 47.8 | 66.3 | 69.6 | 36.6 | 58.9 | 448 |
| 500-999 | 46.2 | 46.2 | 72.3 | 78.9 | 58.8 | 52.9 | 65.3 | 69.7 | 40.3 | 61.9 | 548 |
| 1000-1999 | 53.2 | 49.9 | 74.5 | 84.1 | 72.2 | 59.9 | 64.6 | 77.2 | 45.2 | 68.0 | 553 |
| 2000-4999 | 59.8 | 55.9 | 77.5 | 86.9 | 79.8 | 67.0 | 67.7 | 80.7 | 52.7 | 79.1 | 440 |
| 5000 or more | 63.4 | 67.6 | 85.9 | 93.2 | 88.7 | 64.8 | 67.6 | 87.3 | 54.9 | 79.7 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||||||||
| Yes | 57.1 | 53.8 | 72.5 | 85.5 | 80.2 | 65.9 | 65.9 | 78.6 | 53.8 | 74.9 | 182 |
| No | 47.6 | 46.4 | 72.9 | 79.4 | 60.0 | 54.2 | 65.4 | 72.2 | 40.5 | 63.2 | 2386 |
| Birth center | 38.5 | 73.8 | 82.0 | 86.8 | 47.5 | 32.0 | 64.8 | 74.6 | 24.6 | 77.7 | 122 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||||||||
| Unknown | 24.1 | 17.2 | 24.1 | 25.9 | 27.6 | 24.1 | 31.0 | 34.5 | 20.7 | 28.6 | 29 |
| Healthy newborn only | 41.4 | 45.4 | 71.8 | 77.0 | 50.0 | 46.2 | 66.0 | 69.5 | 32.8 | 59.3 | 1109 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 49.3 | 46.9 | 72.7 | 80.5 | 63.6 | 57.1 | 63.9 | 72.2 | 43.3 | 64.8 | 1075 |
| Level 3 NICU | 61.0 | 58.9 | 81.1 | 90.5 | 81.6 | 66.9 | 69.6 | 83.9 | 54.1 | 79.5 | 477 |
| Census region | |||||||||||
| Pacific | 47.7 | 48.9 | 78.8 | 85.9 | 69.5 | 56.2 | 79.1 | 76.8 | 43.2 | 75.5 | 354 |
| Mountain | 47.4 | 43.2 | 71.8 | 80.0 | 57.3 | 53.5 | 66.7 | 74.2 | 35.2 | 63.4 | 213 |
| West North Central | 43.1 | 47.2 | 68.6 | 75.8 | 48.8 | 50.1 | 58.5 | 71.5 | 37.7 | 58.9 | 369 |
| East North Central | 47.5 | 47.3 | 69.7 | 79.7 | 58.5 | 54.0 | 61.3 | 71.8 | 41.5 | 62.5 | 465 |
| West South Central | 46.6 | 44.4 | 68.5 | 67.1 | 50.8 | 43.7 | 62.1 | 61.4 | 30.2 | 51.4 | 311 |
| East South Central | 49.0 | 45.8 | 75.0 | 78.5 | 62.0 | 51.0 | 57.3 | 66.7 | 37.5 | 56.1 | 192 |
| New England | 53.1 | 63.3 | 75.8 | 87.2 | 77.3 | 71.1 | 71.1 | 85.9 | 60.9 | 81.0 | 128 |
| Middle Atlantic | 53.3 | 54.9 | 80.5 | 89.0 | 73.2 | 65.4 | 73.5 | 82.1 | 51.0 | 75.1 | 257 |
| South Atlantic | 48.1 | 46.6 | 75.1 | 81.9 | 62.8 | 52.4 | 63.3 | 72.1 | 39.7 | 66.2 | 401 |
| table 7.2a: Modes used to inform staff of breastfeeding policies by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||||
| In-service training | Policy is posted | Newsletter | New staff training | New staff orientation | Staff meeting | Word of mouth | N | |
| All | 73.8 | 70.9 | 15.7 | 78.4 | 77.7 | 78.7 | 67.5 | 2690 |
| Type of facility | ||||||||
| Birth center | 60.7 | 38.5 | 4.1 | 62.3 | 59.0 | 64.8 | 59.0 | 122 |
| Government hospital | 69.4 | 67.3 | 12.6 | 71.4 | 73.7 | 74.1 | 65.4 | 532 |
| Non-profit hospital | 75.7 | 75.5 | 18.5 | 82.3 | 80.8 | 80.9 | 68.4 | 1698 |
| Private hospital | 75.6 | 65.0 | 10.9 | 75.6 | 75.6 | 80.4 | 68.8 | 311 |
| Military hospital | 81.5 | 70.4 | 11.1 | 70.4 | 66.7 | 77.8 | 77.8 | 27 |
| Size of facility | ||||||||
| 0-249 | 59.8 | 54.8 | 6.0 | 66.8 | 68.7 | 68.7 | 64.6 | 630 |
| 250-499 | 66.1 | 70.5 | 10.0 | 72.8 | 73.9 | 78.8 | 67.2 | 448 |
| 500-999 | 74.6 | 73.4 | 14.6 | 81.4 | 79.2 | 80.1 | 69.5 | 548 |
| 1000-1999 | 82.1 | 76.5 | 22.2 | 82.8 | 80.7 | 81.0 | 67.1 | 553 |
| 2000-4999 | 88.0 | 82.0 | 26.6 | 89.1 | 86.8 | 87.0 | 69.1 | 440 |
| 5000 or more | 88.7 | 85.9 | 28.2 | 91.5 | 88.7 | 87.3 | 74.6 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||||
| Yes | 86.3 | 81.9 | 22.5 | 87.4 | 85.2 | 85.2 | 63.7 | 182 |
| No | 73.6 | 71.8 | 15.8 | 78.5 | 78.0 | 79.0 | 68.3 | 2386 |
| Birth center | 60.7 | 38.5 | 4.1 | 62.3 | 59.0 | 64.8 | 59.0 | 122 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||||
| Unknown | 34.5 | 27.6 | 10.3 | 31.0 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 20.7 | 29 |
| Healthy newborn only | 64.7 | 62.8 | 8.6 | 71.8 | 72.5 | 73.2 | 65.5 | 1109 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 76.7 | 75.4 | 18.2 | 81.1 | 79.6 | 81.7 | 69.4 | 1075 |
| Level 3 NICU | 90.8 | 82.2 | 27.0 | 90.4 | 88.3 | 88.1 | 71.1 | 477 |
| Census region | ||||||||
| Pacific | 76.8 | 71.5 | 18.9 | 75.1 | 74.6 | 78.8 | 65.3 | 354 |
| Mountain | 74.6 | 70.0 | 16.0 | 79.3 | 78.4 | 81.7 | 76.5 | 213 |
| West North Central | 67.8 | 63.7 | 17.9 | 74.5 | 76.2 | 75.3 | 67.2 | 369 |
| East North Central | 73.1 | 72.5 | 18.1 | 80.9 | 80.2 | 80.9 | 68.0 | 465 |
| West South Central | 72.3 | 65.6 | 10.0 | 69.1 | 70.4 | 73.0 | 66.2 | 311 |
| East South Central | 72.9 | 69.8 | 12.0 | 79.7 | 80.2 | 79.2 | 63.0 | 192 |
| New England | 79.7 | 83.6 | 18.0 | 88.3 | 85.2 | 85.9 | 66.4 | 128 |
| Middle Atlantic | 80.5 | 82.5 | 16.0 | 85.2 | 83.7 | 84.8 | 71.6 | 257 |
| South Atlantic | 72.6 | 69.1 | 13.5 | 80.3 | 76.6 | 75.8 | 65.6 | 401 |
| table 7.3a: Documentation of breastfeeding practices by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||
| Does the facility document rates of breastfeeding among patients | ||||
| No/not sure | Only intention at admission | Yes, rates are assessed | N | |
| All | 29.5 | 17.9 | 52.6 | 2451 |
| Type of facility | ||||
| Birth center | 15.7 | 2.6 | 81.7 | 115 |
| Government hospital | 40.2 | 16.7 | 43.1 | 497 |
| Non-profit hospital | 25.0 | 19.5 | 55.5 | 1529 |
| Private hospital | 40.7 | 18.2 | 41.1 | 285 |
| Military hospital | 28.0 | 8.0 | 64.0 | 25 |
| Size of facility | ||||
| 0-249 | 38.0 | 13.2 | 48.8 | 584 |
| 250-499 | 35.8 | 17.1 | 47.2 | 422 |
| 500-999 | 27.7 | 18.0 | 54.3 | 499 |
| 1000-1999 | 23.8 | 23.0 | 53.3 | 501 |
| 2000-4999 | 21.4 | 19.8 | 58.9 | 384 |
| 5000 or more | 18.0 | 13.1 | 68.9 | 61 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||
| Yes | 20.4 | 15.9 | 63.7 | 157 |
| No | 30.9 | 18.8 | 50.3 | 2179 |
| Birth center | 15.7 | 2.6 | 81.7 | 115 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||
| Unknown | 28.6 | 14.3 | 57.1 | 7 |
| Healthy newborn only | 36.2 | 16.1 | 47.8 | 1034 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 26.4 | 19.9 | 53.7 | 987 |
| Level 3 NICU | 20.3 | 17.7 | 61.9 | 423 |
| Census region | ||||
| Pacific | 32.2 | 16.1 | 51.7 | 323 |
| Mountain | 33.2 | 13.8 | 53.1 | 196 |
| West North Central | 38.9 | 15.1 | 46.0 | 350 |
| East North Central | 22.1 | 19.5 | 58.3 | 420 |
| West South Central | 43.9 | 17.5 | 38.6 | 285 |
| East South Central | 31.4 | 25.0 | 43.6 | 172 |
| New England | 5.3 | 15.8 | 78.9 | 114 |
| Middle Atlantic | 18.4 | 15.2 | 66.4 | 223 |
| South Atlantic | 26.9 | 21.5 | 51.6 | 368 |
| table 7.4a: Supports offered to breastfeeding staff members by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||||
| Designated room to express milk | On-site child care | Electric breast pump provided | Permission to use breaks to express milk | Breastfeeding support group | Lactation consultant available | Paid maternity leave | N | |
| All | 68.9 | 14.2 | 77.0 | 93.6 | 18.0 | 66.5 | 31.8 | 2690 |
| Type of facility | ||||||||
| Birth center | 56.6 | 13.9 | 39.3 | 78.7 | 32.8 | 57.4 | 18.9 | 122 |
| Government hospital | 59.4 | 8.8 | 69.4 | 92.3 | 11.5 | 57.1 | 30.3 | 532 |
| Non-profit hospital | 73.6 | 17.5 | 82.4 | 95.2 | 19.4 | 72.0 | 33.4 | 1698 |
| Private hospital | 63.3 | 5.8 | 74.3 | 92.9 | 14.8 | 55.9 | 28.0 | 311 |
| Military hospital | 81.5 | 7.4 | 88.9 | 92.6 | 25.9 | 74.1 | 66.7 | 27 |
| Size of facility | ||||||||
| 0-249 | 52.9 | 5.2 | 49.7 | 88.7 | 11.3 | 47.0 | 27.6 | 630 |
| 250-499 | 61.4 | 6.9 | 75.9 | 92.2 | 15.6 | 56.0 | 29.0 | 448 |
| 500-999 | 69.7 | 13.0 | 88.0 | 94.7 | 19.0 | 69.7 | 28.3 | 548 |
| 1000-1999 | 79.2 | 18.3 | 86.6 | 96.9 | 22.6 | 78.7 | 37.4 | 553 |
| 2000-4999 | 83.2 | 27.7 | 89.3 | 96.1 | 21.1 | 83.9 | 36.4 | 440 |
| 5000 or more | 83.1 | 32.4 | 90.1 | 94.4 | 29.6 | 80.3 | 42.3 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||||
| Yes | 83.0 | 29.1 | 89.0 | 94.5 | 19.2 | 84.1 | 35.7 | 182 |
| No | 68.4 | 13.0 | 78.0 | 94.3 | 17.1 | 65.7 | 32.2 | 2386 |
| Birth center | 56.6 | 13.9 | 39.3 | 78.7 | 32.8 | 57.4 | 18.9 | 122 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||||
| Unknown | 20.7 | 10.3 | 31.0 | 34.5 | 6.9 | 17.2 | 10.3 | 29 |
| Healthy newborn only | 57.3 | 7.0 | 63.1 | 90.6 | 14.7 | 52.8 | 28.9 | 1109 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 74.6 | 15.3 | 86.1 | 96.5 | 20.9 | 73.4 | 33.1 | 1075 |
| Level 3 NICU | 85.7 | 28.3 | 91.4 | 97.5 | 19.7 | 86.2 | 36.9 | 477 |
| Census region | ||||||||
| Pacific | 71.8 | 11.3 | 78.2 | 94.6 | 18.9 | 64.4 | 46.3 | 354 |
| Mountain | 61.5 | 14.1 | 72.8 | 93.9 | 16.9 | 63.8 | 30.0 | 213 |
| West North Central | 66.7 | 10.6 | 68.3 | 93.5 | 11.1 | 55.6 | 28.2 | 369 |
| East North Central | 78.5 | 16.1 | 84.7 | 94.4 | 21.5 | 79.8 | 38.5 | 465 |
| West South Central | 61.7 | 9.3 | 66.9 | 88.1 | 10.9 | 53.7 | 20.9 | 311 |
| East South Central | 61.5 | 12.0 | 66.1 | 91.1 | 11.5 | 57.8 | 24.0 | 192 |
| New England | 78.1 | 20.3 | 89.8 | 96.9 | 32.8 | 85.2 | 25.0 | 128 |
| Middle Atlantic | 70.8 | 20.2 | 85.6 | 94.9 | 23.3 | 74.7 | 34.6 | 257 |
| South Atlantic | 66.1 | 16.7 | 80.5 | 95.0 | 20.4 | 67.6 | 28.2 | 401 |
| table 7.5a: Facility's receipt of free formula by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||
| Does the facility receive infant formula free of charge | ||||
| Yes | No | Not sure | N | |
| All | 88.1 | 9.3 | 2.6 | 2655 |
| Type of facility | ||||
| Birth center | 23.1 | 76.0 | 0.8 | 121 |
| Government hospital | 91.5 | 5.3 | 3.2 | 529 |
| Non-profit hospital | 90.8 | 7.0 | 2.2 | 1674 |
| Private hospital | 95.1 | 1.3 | 3.6 | 305 |
| Military hospital | 65.4 | 26.9 | 7.7 | 26 |
| Size of facility | ||||
| 0-249 | 77.8 | 19.0 | 3.2 | 617 |
| 250-499 | 92.4 | 5.2 | 2.5 | 445 |
| 500-999 | 92.1 | 6.5 | 1.5 | 542 |
| 1000-1999 | 91.6 | 6.2 | 2.2 | 549 |
| 2000-4999 | 87.9 | 8.6 | 3.5 | 431 |
| 5000 or more | 94.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||
| Yes | 86.6 | 8.9 | 4.5 | 179 |
| No | 91.5 | 5.9 | 2.5 | 2355 |
| Birth center | 23.1 | 76.0 | 0.8 | 121 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | 90.9 | 0.0 | 9.1 | 11 |
| Unknown | ||||
| Healthy newborn only | 83.6 | 13.6 | 2.8 | 1098 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 91.9 | 6.3 | 1.9 | 1070 |
| Level 3 NICU | 89.9 | 6.7 | 3.4 | 476 |
| Census region | ||||
| Pacific | 76.4 | 19.1 | 4.6 | 351 |
| Mountain | 89.6 | 8.1 | 2.4 | 211 |
| West North Central | 90.3 | 6.1 | 3.6 | 362 |
| East North Central | 91.3 | 7.4 | 1.3 | 459 |
| West South Central | 89.6 | 7.8 | 2.6 | 308 |
| East South Central | 93.2 | 4.7 | 2.1 | 191 |
| New England | 79.8 | 19.4 | 0.8 | 124 |
| Middle Atlantic | 91.7 | 5.5 | 2.8 | 253 |
| South Atlantic | 88.6 | 9.3 | 2.0 | 396 |
| table 7.6a: Inclusion of breastfeeding in prenatal patient education by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | |||
| Does the facility include breastfeeding as component of prenatal education | |||
| No/not sure | Yes | N | |
| All | 7.5 | 92.5 | 2609 |
| Type of facility | |||
| Birth center | 10.2 | 89.8 | 118 |
| Government hospital | 14.3 | 85.7 | 511 |
| Non-profit hospital | 4.8 | 95.2 | 1651 |
| Private hospital | 10.3 | 89.7 | 302 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 100.0 | 27 |
| Size of facility | |||
| 0-249 | 16.6 | 83.4 | 596 |
| 250-499 | 9.1 | 90.9 | 439 |
| 500-999 | 4.6 | 95.4 | 542 |
| 1000-1999 | 3.3 | 96.7 | 538 |
| 2000-4999 | 2.6 | 97.4 | 427 |
| 5000 or more | 3.0 | 97.0 | 67 |
| Teaching hospital | |||
| Yes | 4.0 | 96.0 | 173 |
| No | 7.6 | 92.4 | 2318 |
| Birth center | 10.2 | 89.8 | 118 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||
| Unknown | 4.2 | 95.8 | 24 |
| Healthy newborn only | 12.5 | 87.5 | 1072 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 4.1 | 95.9 | 1052 |
| Level 3 NICU | 3.7 | 96.3 | 461 |
| Census region | |||
| Pacific | 8.8 | 91.2 | 339 |
| Mountain | 10.6 | 89.4 | 208 |
| West North Central | 6.1 | 93.9 | 359 |
| East North Central | 2.0 | 98.0 | 455 |
| West South Central | 14.1 | 85.9 | 298 |
| East South Central | 9.1 | 90.9 | 187 |
| New England | 1.6 | 98.4 | 124 |
| Middle Atlantic | 4.5 | 95.5 | 246 |
| South Atlantic | 10.2 | 89.8 | 393 |
| table 7.7a: Existence of a designated lactation coordinator by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | |||
| Does the facility have a designated lactation coordinator | |||
| Yes | No | N | |
| All | 69.7 | 30.3 | 2636 |
| Type of facility | |||
| Birth center | 49.2 | 50.8 | 120 |
| Government hospital | 57.3 | 42.7 | 527 |
| Non-profit hospital | 76.5 | 23.5 | 1660 |
| Private hospital | 62.4 | 37.6 | 303 |
| Military hospital | 69.2 | 30.8 | 26 |
| Size of facility | |||
| 0-249 | 48.1 | 51.9 | 621 |
| 250-499 | 54.8 | 45.2 | 438 |
| 500-999 | 70.5 | 29.5 | 536 |
| 1000-1999 | 84.7 | 15.3 | 544 |
| 2000-4999 | 92.5 | 7.5 | 426 |
| 5000 or more | 93.0 | 7.0 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | |||
| Yes | 93.8 | 6.3 | 176 |
| No | 69.0 | 31.0 | 2340 |
| Birth center | 49.2 | 50.8 | 120 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||
| Unknown | 50.0 | 50.0 | 10 |
| Healthy newborn only | 53.5 | 46.5 | 1100 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 76.9 | 23.1 | 1056 |
| Level 3 NICU | 92.1 | 7.9 | 470 |
| Census region | |||
| Pacific | 68.6 | 31.4 | 347 |
| Mountain | 65.3 | 34.7 | 213 |
| West North Central | 58.1 | 41.9 | 358 |
| East North Central | 81.8 | 18.2 | 455 |
| West South Central | 59.2 | 40.8 | 306 |
| East South Central | 59.8 | 40.2 | 189 |
| New England | 83.9 | 16.1 | 124 |
| Middle Atlantic | 82.9 | 17.1 | 251 |
| South Atlantic | 70.0 | 30.0 | 393 |