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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

May 15, Novel Influenza A (H1N1) - Congressional Update

We are providing this document to help inform Congress and congressional staff about the current status of the novel Influenza A (H1N1) events. Any questions should be directed to CDC/Washington at 202-245-0600.

Note: Green text indicates new information. Black text indicates background and other information also included in previous updates.

U.S. Update

As of May15, 2009 11:00 AM ET, a total of4714 confirmedand probable human cases of novel Influenza A (H1N1) have been identified in the United States in 46 states and the District of Columbia. One hundred andseventy-three have been hospitalized. The median age is 15 and range from 1 to 87 years. There have been three deaths from novel Influenza A (H1N1), 2 in Texas and 1 in Washington. The total number of cases reported likely represents an underestimation of the actual total number of cases becausea reported infected individual must visit a healthcare provider with flu-like symptoms and be tested for novel Influenza A (H1N1) for a case to be confirmed and reported. CDC has 116 personnel deployed to CA, DE, IL, NYC, OH, TX, WA, and Washington, DC and at quarantine stations. Internationally, CDC has staff in Guatemala and Mexico. CDC has validated 47 labs in 38 states so that they may confirm cases directly.

A summary of the cases is provided below. All questions related to specific cases should be directed to the state health department in the state in which the case occurred. A full list of state health departments and their contact information is available at http://www.astho.org/Programs/Infectious-Disease/H1N1/ under State H1N1 Information.

International Update

The World Health Organization (WHO) is providing information on international novel Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html.

On April 29, 2009 WHO raised the level of influenza pandemic alert from phase 4 to phase 5. Information on WHO′s pandemic influenza phases is available at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/phase/en/index.html.

As of May15, 2009 4:00 PM GMT, the Government of Mexico has reported 2446 laboratory confirmed cases, including 60deaths, of novel Influenza A (H1N1). The higher number of cases in Mexico reflects ongoing testing of previously collected specimens.

Background Information About Novel Influenza A (H1N1)

Background information on novel Influenza A (H1N1):

• http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/swineflu_you.htm
  
  
Most recent updates to information from CDC on novel Influenza A (H1N1):


• http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/whatsnew.htm
  
  
Information for individuals and parents on novel Influenza A (H1N1):


• http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/sick.htm
  
• http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/parents.htm
  
• http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/talkingtokids.htm
  
• http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/hiv_flu.htm
  
  
Travel notices related to novel Influenza A (H1N1):


• http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/
  
  
Information on novel Influenza A (H1N1) and pork:


• http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/key_facts.htm
  
• http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/pdf/brochure.pdf
  
• http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/h1n1_20090430/en/index.html
  
  
Resources and Information in Spanish:


• http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/espanol/influenza-porcina-info-general.htm
  
• http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/espanol/psa/
  

What is CDC′s recommendation regarding "swine flu parties"?
"Swine flu parties" are gatherings during which people have close contact with a person who has novel Influenza A (H1N1) in order to become infected with the virus. The intent of these parties is to become infected with what for many people has been a mild disease, in the hope of having natural immunity to the novel Influenza A (H1N1) virus that might circulate later and cause more severe disease.
"Swine flu parties" are not a safe or effective way to protect against novel Influenza A (H1N1) in the future. While the disease seen in the current novel Influenza A (H1N1) outbreak has been mild for many people, it has been severe and even fatal for others. There is no way to predict with certainty what the outcome will be for an individual or, equally important, for others to whom the intentionally infected person may spread the virus.
CDC recommends that people with novel Influenza A (H1N1) avoid contact with others as much as possible. They should stay home from work or school for 7 days after the onset of illness or until at least 24 hours after symptoms have resolved, whichever is longer.
New Materials to Assist Tribal Nations
CDC released a brochure, Preparing Tribal Nations to Receive Strategic National Stockpile Assets targeting American Indian and Alaska Native government leaders. The brochure is available at: http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/pdf/preparing_tribal_national_stockpile.pdf.
Resources for Businesses and Employers
CDC has developed a Web site with resources for businesses and employers. The Web site includes guidance documents, podcasts and other resources developed by CDC to help prevent the further spread of this new virus available at: http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/business/.

Guidance Documents

CDC has and continues to develop a number of guidance documents related to novel Influenza A (H1N1). The documents target a variety of clinical, professional, and individual audiences. The guidance documents are regularly updated as CDC continues to learn more about novel Influenza A (H1N1). All current guidance documents are available at: Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Guidance. Guidance documents include:

Epidemiology and Surveillance

• Case Definitions for Investigations of Cases NEW!
  
• Screening in Regions with Few or no Reported Cases
  
  
Clinician Guidance


• Identifying and Caring For Patients
  
• Antiviral Recommendations
  
• Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of Medical Products
  
  
Clinician Guidance for Specific Audiences


• Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.
  
• HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents
  
• Pregnant Women.
  
• Young Children
  
  
Infection Control


• Infection Control for Patients In a Healthcare Setting
  
• Biosafety Guidelines for Lab Workers NEW!
  
  
Laboratory Testing


• Specimen Collection, Processing, and Testing for Suspected Infection
  
• Use of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests
  
• Submission of Tissue Specimens for the Pathologic Evaluation
  
• Protocol for Antiviral Susceptibility Testing by Pyrosequencing
  
• Sequencing Primers and Protocol
  
• CDC Protocol of Realtime RTPCR for Swine Influenza A(H1N1)
  

Useful resources

1. A public service announcement to provide information and guidance for recent fraudulent activity surrounding ads for flu remedies. Visit http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/psa/consumerfraud.htm to listen to the announcement.

2. A PowerPoint presentation to provide general information about H1N1 flu to employees, constituents and other partners is available at http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/business/.

Guidance for Community Settings

• Public Gatherings
  

• Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.
  
• Caring for a Sick Person in Your Home

Guidance for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women

• Breastfeeding Your Baby: What Parents Should Know.
  
• Information for Pregnant Women in Education, Child Care, and Health Care.
  
• What Pregnant Women Should Know About H1N1 (formerly called swine flu) Virus
  
  
Emergency Personnel Guidance

• EMS and 9-1-1 Personnel: Managing Confirmed or Suspected Infections
  

Other

• Facemask and Respirator Use

Guidance for Schools, Colleges and University

• Update on School (K 12) and Child Care Programs

• Interim Guidance for Institutions of Higher Education

Travel & Travel Industry Guidance

• Guidance for Cruise Ships
  
• Flight Crews Arriving from Affected Areas
  
• Identifying Passengers Who May Have Swine Influenza

PSA for Children

• New Audio Public Service Announcement (PSA) for Kids

How does CDC conduct influenza surveillance?

The Epidemiology and Prevention Branch in the Influenza Division at CDC collects, compiles and analyzes information on influenza activity year round in the United States and produces a weekly report from October through mid-May. The U.S. influenza surveillance system is a collaborative effort between CDC and its many partners in state and local health departments, public health and clinical laboratories, vital statistics offices, healthcare providers, clinics and emergency departments. Information in five categories is collected from nine different data sources.

• Viral Surveillance — About 80 U.S. World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Laboratories and 70 National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) laboratories, located throughout the United States, participate in virologic surveillance for influenza. All state public health laboratories participate as WHO collaborating laboratories along with some county public health laboratories and some large tertiary care or academic medical centers. Most NREVSS laboratories participating in influenza surveillance are hospital laboratories. In 2007, human infection with a novel influenza A virus became a nationally notifiable condition. The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus is a novel virus. Novel influenza A virus infections include all human infections with influenza A viruses that are different from currently circulating human influenza H1 and H3 viruses.
• Outpatient Illness Surveillance — Information on patient visits to health care providers for influenza-like illness is collected through the U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet).
• Mortality Surveillance — Rapid tracking of influenza-associated deaths is done through two systems:
• 122 Cities Mortality Reporting System. Each week, the vital statistics offices of 122 cities report the total number of death certificates received and the number of those for which pneumonia or influenza was listed as the underlying or contributing cause of death by age group. The percentage of all deaths due to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) are compared with a seasonal baseline and epidemic threshold value calculated for each week.
• Surveillance for Influenza-associated Pediatric Mortality. Influenza-associated deaths in children (persons less than 18 years) was added as a nationally notifiable condition in 2004. Laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated deaths in children are reported through the Nationally Notifiable Disease Surveillance System.
• Hospitalization Surveillance — Two systems monitor hospitalizations with laboratory confirmed influenza infections.
• Emerging Infections Program (EIP). The EIP Influenza Project conducts surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza related hospitalizations in children (persons less than 18 years) and adults in 60 counties covering 12 metropolitan areas of 10 states (San Francisco CA, Denver CO, New Haven CT, Atlanta GA, Baltimore MD, Minneapolis/St. Paul MN, Albuquerque NM, Las Cruces, NM, Albany NY, Rochester NY, Portland OR, and Nashville TN).
• New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN). The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) provides population-based estimates of laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization rates for children less than 5 years old residing in three counties: Hamilton County OH, Davidson County TN, and Monroe County NY.
• Summary of the Geographic Spread of Influenza — State health departments report the estimated level of spread of influenza activity in their states each week through the State and Territorial Epidemiologists Reports. States report influenza activity as no activity, sporadic, local, regional, or widespread.

For a more detailed explanation of these influenza surveillance systems visit: Flu Activity and Surveillance

HHS and CDC Roles

CDC is actively responding to and investigating the current outbreak of novel Influenza A (H1N1). CDC has fully activated its Emergency Operations Center. In addition to response and laboratory activities described above, 116 staff have been deployed and 34 pending deployment in the U.S., Mexico, and Guatemala to assist with the public health investigation. Staff are currently in California, Delaware, Illinois, New York City, Texas, Washington DC, and at U.S. quarantine stations. On April 21st CDC described the first two cases in a Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Infection in Two Children --- Southern California, March--April 2009 (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm58d0421a1.htm). An MMWR describing additional cases was published on April 24th and is available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm58d0424a1.htm?s_cid=mm58d0424a1_e. An MMWR Dispatch describing the effects of seasonal influenza epidemics and previous pandemics, pregnant women have been at increased risk for complications related
to influenza infection and cases concerning the Novel Influenza A (H1N1). Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infections in Three Pregnant Women --- United States, April--May 2009 is available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm58d0512a1.htm?s_cid=mm58d0512a1_e

An example of CDC′s response is the use of new communications modes to inform the public. Through its National Center for Health Marketing, CDC is using social media (www.cdc.gov/socialmedia) to provide H1N1 flu-related information when, where and how Americans want it. Ongoing social media activities include: posting information to CDC Facebook, MySpace, and DailyStrength social networking profiles; posting videos and podcasts to the CDC YouTube Channel; reaching out to blog writers to ensure credible information is being shared in blogs; sending email updates to users who have subscribed to receive information about the flu; developing widgets so that CDC flu information can be posted on other Web sites and blogs; and providing updated information to mobile phones. Congressional offices can point constituents to these interactive tools to get information, including:

• Signing up for email updates, RSS feeds, or Twitter to getting alerts about updated H1N! Flu information on CDC.gov
• Listening to podcasts and subscribing to podcast series on Flu information
• Watching videos on Flu and tips for prevention on CDC TV and CDC's YouTube channel
• Visiting any of CDC's social networks: Facebook, MySpace, or DailyStrength
• Adding a widget and/or a Web image to your Web page or personal blog

For more information regarding CDC′s novel Influenza A (H1N1) activities, go to: http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/.

Pandemic Planning Investments at Work

In recent years, CDC has received congressional appropriations pandemic influenza activities.

These recent investments have enhanced many areas critical to pandemic influenza preparedness and response, including health monitoring, epidemiology, laboratory capabilities, response, and recovery. The appropriated resources have allowed CDC to work with states and territories to test national infrastructure and develop operational plans, strengthen crisis communication plans and tools, expand the Strategic National Stockpile, improve surveillance systems, and work with international partners to prepare for a pandemic. All of these activities have increased both CDC′s and our partners′ capacity and capabilities for dealing with the current novel Influenza A (H1N1) outbreak.

For more information about CDC′s pandemic influenza activities and appropriations, please contact CDC/Washington, at (202) 245-0600.

Where to Find Updates

CDC is committed to ensuring Congress, public health partners, the media, and the public are able to obtain up-to-date and accurate information regarding the human novel Influenza A (H1N1) cases and CDC′s related activities. CDC is providing daily updates on our Web site. Information is available at: http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/index.htm.

In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) has additional information on the global situation at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html. Many state health departments are adding or updating information on novel Influenza A (H1N1) flu on their Web sites. A full list of state health departments and their contact information is available at http://www.astho.org/Programs/Infectious-Disease/H1N1/ under State H1N1 Information.

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