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Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Since 1987, reported cases of chancroid have declined steadily
(Table 42, Figure 31). In
2000, a total of 78 cases of chancroid were reported in the United
States. Only twelve states and two outlying areas reported one
or more cases of chancroid in 2000 and three of these states (New
York, South Carolina and Texas) accounted for nearly 70.5% of the
78 reported cases in the U.S. Although the decline in reported
chancroid cases most likely reflects a decline in the incidence
of this disease, these data should be interpreted with caution
in view of the fact that Haemophilusducreyi, the causative organism of chancroid, is difficult
to culture and, as a result, this condition may be substantially
underdiagnosed.1,2
Comprehensive surveillance data for genital
herpes simplex virus (HSV), genital warts, human papillomavirus,
non-gonococcal urethritis, and trichomoniasis are not available.
Ongoing trend data are limited to estimates of the office visits
in physicians’ office practices provided by the National Disease
and Therapeutic Index (NDTI) (Figures
32 and 34-36).
Serious consequences of genital herpes simplex virus infection
include lifelong recurrent episodes of painful genital lesions,
increased likelihood of HIV transmission and acquisition, and,
for women who acquire genital herpes in pregnancy, potentially
fatal neonatal infection.3 Data on genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)
seroprevalence among the non-institutionalized U.S. population
are available from the National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES). In NHANES III (1988-1994), HSV-2 seroprevalence
among persons at least 12 years of age was 21.9%, a prevalence
which was 30% higher than the age-adjusted HSV-2 seroprevalence
from NHANES II (1976-1980). Statistically significant increases
in seroprevalence were concentrated in three of the youngest age
groups which include persons aged 12 to 39 years (Figure
33).4
For data on PID, see the Special
Focus Profile on
Women and Infants.
Figure 31. Chancroid — Reported cases: United States, 1981–2000
Figure 32. Genital herpes — Initial visits to physicians’ offices:
United States, 1966–2000
Note: See Appendix. SOURCE: National Disease and Therapeutic Index (IMS America,
Ltd.)
Figure 33. Genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections — Percent
seroprevalence according to age in NHANES* II (1976-1980) and NHANES
III (1988-1994)
Note: Bars indicate 95%
confidence intervals. *National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey
Figure 34. Genital warts — Initial visits to physicians’ offices:
United States, 1966–2000
Note: See Appendix. SOURCE: National Disease and Therapeutic Index
(IMS America, Ltd.)
Figure 35. Nonspecific urethritis — Initial visits to physicians’ offices
by men: United States, 1966–2000
Note: See Appendix. SOURCE: National Disease and Therapeutic Index
(IMS America, Ltd.)
Figure 36. Trichomonal and other vaginal infections — Initial visits
to physicians’ offices: United States, 1966–2000
Note: See Appendix. SOURCE: National Disease and Therapeutic Index
(IMS America, Ltd.)
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