Tobacco Use by Pregnant Women, United States

Percentage of mothers who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy and percentage change between 1989 and 1999, by state of residence

States A—M | States N—Z

Nebraska

• 1989¹, n/a
• 1990², 20.8
• 1991³, 19.7
• 1992³, 19.9
• 1993³, 18.9
• 1994⁴, 18.5
• 1995⁴, 17.5
• 1996⁴, 16.5
• 1997⁴, 16.6
• 1998⁴, 16.3
• 1999⁵, 15.1
• % Change 1989-99, -27.46

Nevada

• 1989¹, 20.9
• 1990², 20.1
• 1991³, 20.9
• 1992³, 19.6
• 1993³, 18.5
• 1994⁴, 17.8
• 1995⁴, 16.1
• 1996⁴, 13.4
• 1997⁴, 13.6
• 1998⁴, 12.8
• 1999⁵, 11.7
• % Change 1989-99, -44.0
   

New Hampshire

• 1989¹, 22.2
• 1990², 20.8
• 1991³, 20.7
• 1992³, 19.6
• 1993³, 18.5
• 1994⁴, 18.2
• 1995⁴, 17.5
• 1996⁴, 16.8
• 1997⁴, 17.4
• 1998⁴, 16.6
• 1999⁵, 15.2
• % Change 1989-99, -31.5

New Jersey

• 1989¹, 13.3
• 1990², 13.2
• 1991³, 11.9
• 1992³, 10.3
• 1993³, 9.4
• 1994⁴, 8.5
• 1995⁴, 8.9
• 1996⁴, 12.1
• 1997⁴, 12.1
• 1998⁴, 11.3
• 1999⁵, 10.3
• % Change 1989-99, -22.6

New Mexico

• 1989¹, 14.1
• 1990², 11.3
• 1991³, 11.8
• 1992³, 11.9
• 1993³, 11.2
• 1994⁴, 9.9
• 1995⁴, 10.2
• 1996⁴, 11.3
• 1997⁴, 10.3
• 1998⁴, 11.0
• 1999⁵, 10.8
• % Change 1989-99, -23.4

New York City

• 1989¹, n/a
• 1990², n/a
• 1991³, n/a
• 1992³, n/a
• 1993³, n/a
• 1994⁴, 6.5
• 1995⁴, 5.6
• 1996⁴, 4.9
• 1997⁴, 4.8
• 1998⁴, 4.3
• 1999⁵, 14.2
• % Change 1989-99, 118.57

New York State

• 1989¹, n/a
• 1990², n/a
• 1991³, n/a
• 1992³, n/a
• 1993³, n/a
• 1994⁴, n/a
• 1995⁴, n/a
• 1996⁴, n/a
• 1997⁴, n/a
• 1998⁴, n/a
• 1999⁵, 3.8
• % Change 1989-99, n/a

North Carolina

• 1989¹, 21.1
• 1990², 20.7
• 1991³, 19.7
• 1992³, 18.6
• 1993³, 17.8
• 1994⁴, 17.1
• 1995⁴, 15.9
• 1996⁴, 15.8
• 1997⁴, 15.2
• 1998⁴, 14.9
• 1999⁵, 14.3
• % Change 1989-99, -32.2

North Dakota

• 1989¹, 22.1
• 1990², 21.9
• 1991³, 22.3
• 1992³, 20.6
• 1993³, 19.7
• 1994⁴, 19.5
• 1995⁴, 17.9
• 1996⁴, 18.4
• 1997⁴, 20.1
• 1998⁴, 19.5
• 1999⁵, 19.2
• % Change 1989-99, -13.1

Ohio

• 1989¹, 25.1
• 1990², 24.9
• 1991³, 24.3
• 1992³, 23.2
• 1993³, 22.3
• 1994⁴, 21.3
• 1995⁴, 20.2
• 1996⁴, 19.5
• 1997⁴, 19.7
• 1998⁴, 19.3
• 1999⁵, 18.8
• % Change 1989-99, -25.1

Oklahoma

• 1989¹, n/a
• 1990², n/a
• 1991³, 19.6
• 1992³, 18.2
• 1993³, 18.0
• 1994⁴, 18.3
• 1995⁴, 17.6
• 1996⁴, 17.4
• 1997⁴, 17.8
• 1998⁴, 18.6
• 1999⁵, 17.9
• % Change 1989-99, -8.78

Oregon

• 1989¹, 23.9
• 1990², 22.4
• 1991³, 21.4
• 1992³, 20.5
• 1993³, 18.9
• 1994⁴, 18.2
• 1995⁴, 17.9
• 1996⁴, 17.8
• 1997⁴, 16.2
• 1998⁴, 15.2
• 1999⁵, 14.5
• % Change 1989-99, -39.3

Pennsylvania

• 1989¹, 20.9
• 1990², 20.9
• 1991³, 20.7
• 1992³, 20.5
• 1993³, 19.9
• 1994⁴, 19.3
• 1995⁴, 18.6
• 1996⁴, 18.1
• 1997⁴, 17.9
• 1998⁴, 17.5
• 1999⁵, 17.2
• % Change 1989-99, -17.7

Rhode Island

• 1989¹, 23.1
• 1990², 22.5
• 1991³, 21.5
• 1992³, 20.4
• 1993³, 19.0
• 1994⁴, 18.5
• 1995⁴, 16.6
• 1996⁴, 16.4
• 1997⁴, 16.2
• 1998⁴, 15.2
• 1999₅, 13.8
• % Change 1989-99, -40.3

South Carolina

• 1989¹, 20.3
• 1990², 19.5
• 1991³, 18.0
• 1992³, 17.1
• 1993³, 16.5
• 1994⁴, 15.0
• 1995⁴, 14.8
• 1996⁴, 14.3
• 1997⁴, 13.9
• 1998⁴, 13.7
• 1999⁵, 12.8
• % Change 1989-99, -36.9

South Dakota

• 1989¹, n/a
• 1990², n/a
• 1991³, n/a
• 1992³, n/a
• 1993³, n/a
• 1994⁴, n/a
• 1995⁴, n/a
• 1996⁴, n/a
• 1997⁴, n/a
• 1998⁴, n/a
• 1999⁵, n/a
• % Change 1989-99, n/a

Tennessee

• 1989¹, 22.4
• 1990², 21.9
• 1991³, 21.4
• 1992³, 20.8
• 1993³, 19.5
• 1994⁴, 18.2
• 1995⁴, 18.1
• 1996⁴, 17.6
• 1997⁴, 17.4
• 1998⁴, 16.8 
• 1999⁵, 17.1
• % Change 1989-99, -23.7

Texas

• 1989¹, 11.8
• 1990², 10.5
• 1991³, 9.6
• 1992³, 9.3
• 1993³, 8.6
• 1994⁴, 8.4
• 1995⁴, 7.9
• 1996⁴, 7.7
• 1997⁴, 7.4
• 1998⁴, 7.2
• 1999⁵, 6.9
• % Change 1989-99, -41.5 

Utah

• 1989¹, 10.2
• 1990², 10.8
• 1991³, 10.7
• 1992³, 10.1
• 1993³, 9.6
• 1994⁴, 9.3
• 1995⁴, 9.2
• 1996⁴, 9.3
• 1997⁴, 8.7
• 1998⁴, 8.7
• 1999⁵, 8.1
• % Change 1989-99, -20.6

Vermont

• 1989¹, 22.2
• 1990², 22.6
• 1991³, 21.1
• 1992³, 18.9
• 1993³, 18.9
• 1994⁴, 17.9
• 1995⁴, 17.0
• 1996⁴, 19.0
• 1997⁴, 17.6
• 1998⁴, 17.9
• 1999⁵, 16.5
• % Change 1989-99, -25.7

Virginia

• 1989¹, 17.0
• 1990², 15.9
• 1991³, 15.3
• 1992³, 14.9
• 1993³, 14.7 
• 1994⁴, 13.9
• 1995⁴, 13.1
• 1996⁴, 11.8
• 1997⁴, 11.3
• 1998⁴, 10.4
• 1999⁵, 9.0
• % Change 1989-99, -47.1

Washington

• 1989¹, 21.8
• 1990², 20.2
• 1991³, 19.5 
• 1992³, 19.9
• 1993³, 18.3
• 1994⁴, 17.0
• 1995⁴, 16.2
• 1996⁴, 16.0
• 1997⁴, 14.6
• 1998⁴, 14.6
• 1999⁵, 14.4
• % Change 1989-99, -33.9

West Virginia

• 1989¹, 27.7
• 1990², 27.8
• 1991³, 26.8
• 1992³, 27.0
• 1993³, 26.5
• 1994⁴, 26.2
• 1995⁴, 24.6 
• 1996⁴, 25.5
• 1997⁴, 25.3
• 1998⁴, 25.6 
• 1999⁵, 26.1
• % Change 1989-99, -5.8 

Wisconsin

• 1989¹, 23.0
• 1990², 22.9
• 1991³, 22.6
• 1992³, 21.7
• 1993³, 20.8
• 1994⁴, 19.6
• 1995⁴, 18.9
• 1996⁴, 18.1
• 1997⁴, 17.8
• 1998⁴, 17.9
• 1999⁵, 17.1
• % Change 1989-99, -25.7

Wyoming

• 1989¹, 23.7
• 1990², 24.3
• 1991³, 24.3
• 1992³, 23.6 
• 1993³, 21.5
• 1994⁴, 21.8
• 1995⁴, 19.8 
• 1996⁴, 20.5
• 1997⁴, 20.5
• 1998⁴, 22.5
• 1999⁵, 21.0
• % Change 1989-99, -11.4

United States

• 1989¹, 19.5
• 1990², 18.4
• 1991³, 17.8
• 1992³, 16.9
• 1993³, 15.8
• 1994⁴, 14.6
• 1995⁴, 13.9 
• 1996⁴, 13.6
• 1997⁴, 13.2 
• 1998⁴, 12.9
• 1999⁵, 12.6
• % Change 1989-99, -35.4

1. Total excludes California, Indiana, Louisiana, Nebraska, New York City, New York State, Oklahoma, and South Dakota.
2. Total excludes California, Indiana, New York City, New York State, Oklahoma, and South Dakota.
3. Total excludes California, Indiana, New York City, New York State, and South Dakota.
4. Total excludes California, Indiana, New York State, and South Dakota.
5. Total excludes California and South Dakota.
6. 1990 to 1999.
7. 1994 to 1999.
8. 1991 to 1999.

Source: Birth Certificates, CDC, NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.
 

Date last reviewed: 06/18/2009
Content source: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion