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Volume
8: No. 6, November 2011
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Age and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Prepregnancy Smoking Among Women Who Delivered Live Births
| Race/ethnicity |
Total, % (95% CI) |
18-24 y, % (95% CI) |
≥25 y, % (95% CI) |
| All racial/ethnic groups |
22.5 (22.2-22.8) |
33.2 (32.6-33.8) |
17.6 (17.2-17.9) |
| Non-Hispanic white |
27.8 (27.4-28.2) |
46.4 (45.5-47.4) |
20.7 (20.3-21.2) |
| Non-Hispanic black |
17.1 (16.5-17.8) |
18.5 (17.5-19.7) |
16.1 (15.2-17.0) |
| Hispanic |
10.1 (9.6-10.7) |
13.0 (12.1-14.0) |
8.3 (7.7-9.0) |
| Alaska Native |
47.8 (45.9-49.8) |
55.6 (52.8-58.4) |
40.4 (37.8-43.1) |
| American Indian |
40.4 (37.6-43.3) |
46.9 (42.8-51.2) |
35.2 (31.5-39.0) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander |
8.2 (7.5-8.9) |
19.5 (17.0-22.2) |
6.1 (5.5-6.8) |
Figure 1. Prepregnancy smoking prevalence by maternal race/ethnicity and age among women who recently delivered a live birth, 32 states and New York City, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2004-2008. Prepregnancy smoking prevalence is defined as the percentage of women who
recently delivered a live birth who self-reported smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy; error bars represent 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prepregnancy smoking prevalence. Prepregnancy
prevalence comparing women aged 18 to 24 years with women aged 25 years or older was significant (P < .05, χ2
test) for the overall study population and within all racial/ethnic groups.
PRAMS data available for 2004-2008, except where noted: Alaska, Arkansas,
Colorado, Delaware (2007-2008), Florida (2004-2005), Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois,
Louisiana (2004), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts (2007-2008), Michigan,
Minnesota, Mississippi (2004, 2006, 2008), Missouri (2007), Nebraska, New
Jersey, New Mexico (2004-2005), New York (excluding New York City), New York
City (2004-2007), North Carolina (2004-2005, 2007-2008), Ohio (2005-2008),
Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina (2004-2007), Tennessee (2008),
Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin (2007-2008), and Wyoming (2007-2008).
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Race/ethnicity and Age, y |
Average No. of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day |
| ≤5 |
6-20 |
>20 |
| All racial/ethnic
groups, y |
| 18-24 |
25.2 |
62.9 |
11.9 |
| ≥25 |
28.4 |
59.8 |
11.9 |
| Non-Hispanic white, y |
| 18-24 |
19.7 |
67.8 |
12.5 |
| ≥25 |
25.0 |
62.6 |
12.5 |
| Non-Hispanic black, y |
| 18-24 |
41.2 |
48.6 |
10.2 |
| ≥25 |
35.9 |
53.0 |
11.1 |
| Hispanic, y |
| 18-24 |
49.8 |
40.6 |
9.6 |
| ≥25 |
49.4 |
43.6 |
7.0 |
| Alaska Native, y |
| 18-24 |
45.1 |
49.7 |
5.1 |
| ≥25 |
43.3 |
50.6 |
6.1 |
| American Indian, y |
| 18-24 |
31.8 |
58.0 |
10.2 |
| ≥25 |
25.8 |
60.2 |
13.9 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander,
y |
| 18-24 |
38.3 |
49.7 |
12.0 |
| ≥25 |
45.3 |
46.2 |
8.5 |
Figure 2. Proportion of prepregnancy smokers by average number of cigarettes smoked per day, by maternal race/ethnicity and age among women who recently delivered a live birth, 32 states and New York City, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2004-2008. Prepregnancy smoking is defined as self-reported smoking of any amount of cigarettes during the 3 months before pregnancy. Proportion of prepregnancy smokers by average number of cigarettes smoked per day was significant
(P < .05, χ2 test) comparing women aged 18 to 24 years with
women aged 25 years or older for the overall study population and among non-Hispanic
whites. PRAMS data available for 2004-2008, except where noted: Alaska,
Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware (2007-2008), Florida (2004-2005), Georgia, Hawaii,
Illinois, Louisiana (2004), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts (2007-2008),
Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi (2004, 2006, 2008), Missouri (2007), Nebraska,
New Jersey, New Mexico (2004-2005), New York (excluding New York City), New York
City (2004-2007), North Carolina (2004-2005, 2007-2008), Ohio (2005-2008),
Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina (2004-2007), Tennessee (2008),
Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin (2007-2008), and Wyoming (2007-2008).
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