ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Health Care Use and Costs for Participants in a Diabetes Disease Management Program, United States, 2007-2008

This figure depicts a logic model showing patient inclusion and exclusion criteria for both the historical control group and program participants. Eligibility for the program was based on high use of health care services in the previous 12 months. The evaluation sample excludes patients who opted out of the program, patients with less than 6 months’ tenure in the program, and patients either no longer eligible for TRICARE or who became eligible for Medicare. Both the historical control group and participant group exclude patients who died during the evaluation period or who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS or end stage renal disease. The logic model illustrates how regression analysis with the historical control group was used to develop the prediction equations, which were then used to predict outcomes for the program participants for comparison to observed values. Differences between predicted and observed outcomes are attributed to the program; outcomes consisted of measures of health care use, receipt of recommended tests, and medical costs.

Figure. Evaluation model for the TRICARE diabetes disease management program, United States, 2007-2008. Abbreviations: ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.

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