ORIGINAL RESEARCH
 Workers’ Health Risk Behaviors by State, Demographic Characteristics, and Health Insurance Status

Tables

Table 1. Prevalence of Obesitya by State Among Workers Aged 18 to 64 Years, 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
State No. of Respondentsc Prevalence of Obesityb, %
Overall Annual Household Income, $ Educational Attainment Health Insurance Status Race/Ethnicity
<35,000 35,000-74,999 ≥75,000 High School Graduate or Less Some College College Graduate Any None White African American Asian/ Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaska Native Hispanic
Alabama 2,561 32.3 37.2 36.4 26.7 35.0 35.9 26.7 32.9 29.4 30.3 39.1 — — —
Alaska 1,631 25.3 25.2 25.7 26.5 26.9 28.6 20.4 27.5 15.8 25.8 — — 34.0 9.4
Arizona 2,214 25.7 26.2 32.1 23.2 29.6 24.8 23.1 25.3 27.5 22.7 — — 49.5 31.5
Arkansas 2,369 30.8 34.1 33.9 25.9 33.7 31.0 27.3 31.1 30.1 30.4 37.0 — — 30.8
California 5,258 24.5 27.5 26.5 21.3 28.9 27.0 18.5 24.1 26.5 23.2 33.3 7.5 — 29.3
Colorado 5,946 19.5 21.8 20.0 18.2 23.7 22.4 15.1 19.3 20.6 18.2 27.6 5.7 — 25.4
Connecticut 2,884 20.6 24.3 22.2 19.6 24.7 22.8 17.5 20.6 19.4 19.8 30.2 9.7 — 28.9
Delaware 1,934 29.0 36.4 32.0 24.8 33.4 34.8 22.7 28.2 39.0 25.7 47.6 — — 46.8
District of Columbia 2,170 20.9 28.4 26.8 15.9 32.3 36.9 14.1 20.5 26.1 9.6 34.4 — — 19.9
Florida 4,353 25.0 30.3 23.7 24.8 32.4 25.8 18.4 25.1 24.1 23.5 33.2 — — 28.3
Georgia 2,650 27.6 32.3 28.6 24.8 32.0 34.7 20.6 27.4 29.1 24.2 39.1 — — 27.5
Hawaii 3,466 23.2 25.0 23.9 21.6 27.4 25.2 18.6 23.4 20.2 19.0 — 17.4 — 29.2
Idaho 2,382 26.1 29.2 26.2 23.7 25.2 32.8 21.2 25.7 27.7 25.3 — — — 26.3
Illinois 2,494 27.9 33.3 29.8 24.4 31.4 32.9 22.2 26.5 36.0 25.6 38.9 15.8 — 33.8
Indiana 2,299 26.7 26.0 30.0 25.8 24.9 31.3 25.6 28.1 20.4 27.5 36.5 — — 15.0
Iowa 3,069 27.2 35.1 28.4 23.2 29.9 30.4 21.8 27.1 28.5 26.9 — — — 34.6
Kansas 4,352 29.3 31.1 32.5 26.6 31.4 31.7 26.1 29.8 24.4 28.8 48.5 — — 33.2
Kentucky 3,225 31.0 36.7 32.2 26.4 32.8 32.3 28.1 30.6 31.5 30.0 48.5 — — —
Louisiana 2,738 29.4 33.3 34.8 24.6 32.7 31.4 24.8 29.4 29.0 26.6 35.3 — — 35.9
Maine 3,267 26.4 27.8 29.7 22.5 30.7 30.8 20.2 26.2 27.9 26.5 — — — —
Maryland 4,787 26.3 29.6 27.8 25.3 29.7 31.8 22.1 26.3 26.4 23.4 35.2 18.8 — 22.9
Massachusetts 10,188 21.6 23.3 23.8 20.3 23.5 25.9 18.6 21.7 20.2 21.6 28.2 4.5 — 26.0
Michigan 3,918 28.9 31.9 31.9 25.6 30.2 33.9 24.0 28.8 29.4 28.3 43.6 — — 19.8
Minnesota 2,299 25.2 29.0 25.9 24.1 27.1 27.9 22.4 26.0 16.2 25.6 23.3 — — —
Mississippi 3,181 34.5 39.2 35.6 28.6 36.3 36.1 30.9 34.2 35.2 31.3 41.4 — — 42.0
Missouri 2,314 30.6 31.3 32.5 27.7 29.4 36.0 27.9 30.6 31.4 29.9 34.9 — — —
Montana 3,204 24.3 28.9 23.0 21.4 26.6 28.1 19.8 23.7 26.6 23.5 — — 43.3 21.9
Nebraska 8,285 28.0 29.2 32.1 26.1 28.8 33.2 23.4 28.3 26.9 27.6 49.9 — — 25.4
Nevada 2,244 26.5 30.3 27.2 23.5 30.5 25.3 22.6 26.3 28.0 23.9 17.9 22.4 — 33.5
New Hampshire 3,460 24.5 27.2 26.7 22.6 27.2 29.3 20.7 24.6 24.8 24.6 — — — —
New Jersey 5,706 23.4 25.8 27.2 21.4 28.8 26.5 18.4 23.5 22.8 23.3 34.1 8.4 — 24.3
New Mexico 2,880 26.9 29.1 27.8 23.1 30.5 30.8 20.3 26.9 26.5 21.3 — — 35.1 31.8
New York 3,634 25.3 26.8 29.6 22.8 28.6 30.3 20.6 25.2 26.8 24.1 34.2 7.4 — 30.2
North Carolina 7,070 30.8 34.0 32.5 27.9 34.2 35.2 23.9 29.5 36.4 29.1 41.4 5.7 37.6 26.7
North Dakota 2,643 28.8 30.6 30.6 26.7 32.3 28.9 25.8 28.9 25.8 28.6 — — 47.6 —
Ohio 5,740 29.8 33.7 34.1 26.1 32.4 32.8 25.7 30.2 26.7 29.4 37.0 8.4 — 38.5
Oklahoma 3,317 32.3 32.2 34.8 30.8 31.6 35.7 30.5 33.1 29.0 31.2 41.0 — 39.3 33.0
Oregon 2,147 24.8 27.2 26.6 22.3 26.5 28.9 20.6 25.3 21.9 25.4 — — — 17.7
Pennsylvania 5,658 29.9 36.0 30.6 25.8 34.4 33.4 23.2 29.3 34.9 29.1 42.1 9.6 — 32.0
Rhode Island 2,237 22.9 29.5 23.5 21.4 27.3 24.2 19.4 22.8 23.8 21.6 30.3 — — 27.8
South Carolina 4,217 30.9 39.0 31.7 24.9 35.3 33.4 24.7 29.9 36.2 26.6 43.4 — — 34.0
South Dakota 3,491 29.1 34.4 30.3 24.4 32.6 30.7 24.7 28.9 30.8 28.5 — — 41.1 —
Tennessee 1,896 32.3 33.9 34.5 25.6 39.1 33.3 23.4 32.5 31.4 29.9 38.4 — — —
Texas 4,525 29.1 30.1 33.1 27.2 30.0 35.1 24.4 29.8 27.3 28.2 37.7 3.7 — 31.7
Utah 2,838 24.0 28.2 24.6 23.3 25.9 23.1 23.0 24.0 24.4 24.4 — — — 20.8
Vermont 3,715 22.6 23.2 25.2 19.2 27.5 25.7 17.2 22.5 23.7 22.7 — — — —
Virginia 2,389 26.1 24.3 26.8 25.4 30.4 27.9 23.0 26.9 18.5 27.3 33.7 — — 17.7
Washington 10,222 26.1 26.6 28.4 24.7 29.7 30.2 20.8 26.4 23.8 26.5 28.3 15.0 36.8 25.5
West Virginia 1,729 34.6 34.5 35.7 32.5 37.1 36.5 29.4 34.6 34.8 34.4 — — — —
Wisconsin 3,700 27.2 32.6 28.2 21.7 29.3 30.4 22.8 26.7 31.0 26.1 42.0 — 43.1 29.0
Wyoming 4,159 26.3 26.6 27.7 26.3 27.7 28.5 22.6 27.3 21.7 25.9 — — 43.1 25.9
United States 189,055 27.0 30.2 29.3 24.1 30.5 30.5 21.9 26.9 27.6 26.1 37.3 9.1 32.5 29.3

a Obesity is defined as having a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2.
b We restricted the prevalence estimates to the categories in which there were 50 or more respondents; blank cells indicate fewer than 50 respondents in this category. Confidence intervals are available from the authors on request.
c The total number of employed respondents in the 2008 BRFSS data stratified by 50 states and Washington, DC (excluding respondents missing obesity data).

Table 2. Prevalence of Physical Inactivitya by State Among Workers Aged 18 to 64 Years, 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
State No. of Respondentsc Prevalence of Physical Inactivityb, %
Overall Annual Household Income, $ Educational Attainment Health Insurance Status Race/Ethnicity
<35,000 35,000-74,999 ≥75,000 High School Graduate or Less Some College College Graduate Any None White African American Asian/ Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaska Native Hispanic
Alabama 2,843 54.4 59.3 53.5 49.1 55.8 56.3 50.8 53.9 57.4 53.1 59.5 — — —
Alaska 1,475 37.2 43.1 38.1 31.6 36.1 38.7 37.0 36.2 43.2 36.4 — — 47.3 —
Arizona 1,891 45.0 56.1 46.9 36.3 54.5 42.4 38.9 44.0 49.4 41.5 — — 32.0 55.7
Arkansas 2,348 51.5 51.0 53.2 49.4 52.7 52.0 49.7 51.6 52.2 50.7 56.8 — — 57.3
California 2,711 51.0 57.9 53.5 43.8 55.3 52.8 46.1 51.0 50.9 42.5 55.4 70.2 — 56.1
Colorado 6,245 43.8 51.5 45.4 37.0 50.2 45.6 38.5 42.4 50.6 41.4 52.8 40.4 — 52.4
Connecticut 3,537 45.9 55.4 43.8 44.6 47.2 46.0 45.2 45.6 48.7 43.9 55.6 68.9 — 53.7
Delaware 1,989 49.2 55.5 48.4 48.5 52.4 44.2 50.0 49.6 45.2 47.3 55.7 — — 62.0
District of Columbia 2,005 41.3 54.7 44.8 35.9 58.4 42.0 36.7 41.0 45.6 31.6 47.6 45.1 — 57.5
Florida 16,435 50.8 56.3 50.4 46.7 56.1 49.0 47.7 49.8 55.0 48.5 53.7 46.1 47.2 58.4
Georgia 3,394 49.6 49.9 49.7 50.9 50.6 48.6 49.8 50.1 46.6 48.7 55.1 — — 37.1
Hawaii 3,681 48.7 57.6 48.5 45.1 51.5 51.0 44.5 48.9 46.0 39.9 — 58.0 — 51.9
Idaho 2,566 43.2 49.2 42.2 39.3 45.3 42.8 40.9 42.4 46.1 42.8 — — — 50.9
Illinois 2,586 49.2 54.4 52.4 43.0 53.4 49.3 46.6 48.7 52.9 45.8 52.9 62.2 — 58.2
Indiana 2,809 48.8 52.9 50.1 43.2 51.6 48.4 46.0 49.3 46.5 48.6 45.4 — — 53.7
Iowa 2,822 49.5 49.6 51.6 44.8 50.1 48.2 50.0 50.6 42.2 49.2 — — — 60.6
Kansas 4,384 48.7 54.4 48.6 44.6 52.9 46.1 47.5 48.4 52.5 48.3 48.7 — — 55.4
Kentucky 2,398 50.0 51.3 52.4 44.5 50.9 49.9 48.6 50.3 48.3 51.1 41.3 — — —
Louisiana 3,013 58.4 62.9 59.1 55.3 61.0 60.5 54.4 57.4 62.1 58.9 55.3 — — 71.1
Maine 3,391 41.1 44.5 41.7 38.6 41.2 44.6 38.6 42.8 30.9 40.9 — — — —
Maryland 4,315 50.3 59.7 51.8 46.8 53.6 54.0 46.9 50.0 52.3 46.6 55.7 55.0 — 62.9
Massachusetts 9,867 46.3 55.8 47.1 43.7 52.4 46.8 43.5 45.9 52.1 44.0 54.0 61.2 — 56.4
Michigan 3,290 47.5 48.2 49.9 45.0 46.9 49.2 46.7 48.3 41.8 46.8 53.4 — — 28.1
Minnesota 2,615 49.1 54.9 49.0 45.9 55.9 49.6 44.7 48.4 55.9 48.4 55.1 — — —
Mississippi 3,296 57.3 57.6 58.7 52.8 57.3 60.1 54.8 56.4 60.9 55.5 61.3 — — 51.5
Missouri 2,448 50.3 47.7 47.6 51.6 48.6 53.0 49.8 51.3 43.5 48.8 64.7 — — —
Montana 2,895 39.5 42.5 39.8 34.8 38.2 42.2 38.6 38.1 45.3 39.4 — — 48.4 29.9
Nebraska 5,540 46.2 52.0 45.2 41.7 50.9 41.3 46.0 46.0 47.6 45.7 — — — 51.4
Nevada 2,040 47.6 51.1 48.0 44.2 51.2 45.4 45.6 47.2 49.2 46.3 — — — 52.8
New Hampshire 2,982 45.1 47.4 48.8 41.7 49.3 43.6 43.2 45.5 41.9 44.8 — — — 44.7
New Jersey 3,153 49.8 58.7 50.6 46.2 53.9 51.5 46.7 48.0 61.8 45.0 54.8 69.9 — 57.3
New Mexico 3,093 44.4 50.3 39.4 40.5 51.5 41.3 39.4 42.7 49.9 40.6 — — 44.2 47.7
New York 3,107 48.0 51.3 49.3 44.8 51.9 45.6 46.6 47.4 52.0 44.1 51.6 61.3 — 59.2
North Carolina 6,560 53.5 58.2 53.8 47.9 59.7 52.2 48.4 53.0 56.2 50.7 58.1 54.2 50.4 70.3
North Dakota 2,579 45.6 45.2 46.0 42.1 47.4 45.4 44.2 45.4 45.1 45.9 — — 46.4 —
Ohio 5,013 48.1 51.3 48.0 45.7 48.3 49.8 46.7 48.2 46.5 47.5 52.4 — — 69.0
Oklahoma 3,091 52.0 55.0 52.3 47.6 54.4 53.8 47.7 52.2 51.1 51.3 44.2 — 54.5 57.0
Oregon 2,237 43.0 47.1 44.4 38.0 47.8 43.7 39.0 42.4 45.5 42.3 — — — 52.0
Pennsylvania 5,735 45.7 47.6 47.4 43.0 48.7 46.1 42.9 46.3 40.0 46.6 48.1 40.1 — 39.7
Rhode Island 2,098 47.1 55.5 49.3 43.2 52.5 49.3 42.2 47.4 45.4 45.8 50.5 — — 58.5
South Carolina 4,586 51.0 55.6 49.5 48.6 53.0 51.2 48.7 50.3 54.3 49.7 56.8 — — 41.2
South Dakota 3,498 49.8 54.6 52.0 41.6 56.8 49.1 43.9 49.7 50.8 49.6 — — 54.1 —
Tennessee 2,030 57.9 68.7 55.5 47.2 60.8 58.4 53.2 56.8 65.7 58.5 60.6 — — —
Texas 7,287 52.0 55.6 52.4 48.2 54.0 52.2 49.6 52.1 52.0 49.0 53.8 66.8 43.0 54.7
Utah 2,733 43.7 50.2 43.2 37.8 49.6 42.2 38.9 43.5 44.3 42.3 — — — 49.2
Vermont 3,724 40.3 45.3 40.4 37.9 46.9 42.9 34.1 41.3 33.9 40.0 — — — 55.7
Virginia 2,893 49.3 54.5 46.7 47.2 51.9 50.4 47.5 48.8 53.7 47.9 51.2 62.4 — 58.7
Washington 11,957 45.4 49.9 45.8 43.1 46.9 45.7 44.1 45.1 47.8 44.4 32.3 50.8 43.3 58.7
West Virginia 1,888 50.4 49.3 51.6 49.7 48.8 50.3 53.2 52.1 42.1 50.7 — — — —
Wisconsin 3,867 42.7 46.1 43.8 39.1 41.7 46.5 40.4 42.7 42.5 42.8 44.9 — — 31.2
Wyoming 3,229 41.5 44.7 41.3 39.0 42.9 43.7 37.5 41.9 40.6 40.9 — — — 49.0
United States 196,169 49.2 54.3 49.8 45.0 52.5 49.5 46.3 48.9 51.0 46.8 54.3 63.1 44.3 55.6

a Physical inactivity is defined as not meeting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention physical activity guideline of at least 5 days per week for 30 minutes a day of moderate-intensity activity or at least 3 days per week for 20 minutes a day of vigorous-intensity activity.
b We restricted the prevalence estimates to the categories in which there were 50 or more respondents; blank cells indicate fewer than 50 respondents in this category. Confidence intervals are available from the authors on request.
c The total number of employed respondents in the 2007 BRFSS data stratified by 50 states and Washington, DC (excluding respondents missing physical inactivity data).

Table 3. Prevalence of Smokinga by State Among Workers Aged 18 to 64 Years, 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
State No. of Respondentsc Prevalence of Smoking b, %
Overall Annual Household Income, $ Educational Attainment Health Insurance Status Race/Ethnicity
<35,000 35,000-74,999 ≥75,000 High School Graduate or Less Some College College Graduate Any None White African American Asian/ Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaska Native Hispanic
Alabama 2,659 22.9 29.7 22.3 13.5 32.9 20.1 13.6 20.1 38.7 23.3 22.6 — — —
Alaska 1,658 20.1 32.8 17.2 14.4 33.8 16.9 7.9 17.8 30.5 16.7 — — 35.1 15.0
Arizona 2,330 17.4 25.8 20.4 9.7 28.1 18.8 6.4 14.8 29.6 17.8 — — 10.9 18.0
Arkansas 2,474 23.0 36.9 21.6 11.4 34.0 24.3 8.7 19.4 38.9 22.0 26.1 — — 29.5
California 5,391 14.9 20.6 15.9 9.7 19.3 20.5 6.9 13.4 21.2 15.3 22.4 6.9 — 14.9
Colorado 6,157 17.9 28.3 21.8 10.2 29.6 21.6 7.6 15.7 29.5 16.5 21.4 12.9 — 21.7
Connecticut 3,006 17.5 29.3 22.0 12.2 28.8 23.3 9.6 16.2 31.1 17.4 16.5 12.0 — 20.0
Delaware 2,015 19.4 35.6 23.3 11.9 35.0 19.5 9.4 18.4 32.0 19.9 17.3 — — 17.9
District of Columbia 2,241 14.6 24.5 19.7 8.5 27.5 22.2 9.0 13.3 28.6 10.3 20.7 — — 11.7
Florida 4,515 19.3 29.2 18.3 11.7 25.5 23.6 11.1 16.3 32.9 22.2 9.8 — — 17.1
Georgia 2,719 19.4 27.3 21.1 15.0 31.3 20.3 10.5 16.9 34.1 20.5 15.4 — — 16.1
Hawaii 3,506 17.1 28.2 19.2 11.8 27.1 16.5 9.9 16.2 29.9 15.4 — 13.5 — 16.4
Idaho 2,513 18.1 28.5 16.7 8.8 30.3 16.1 6.9 14.7 32.2 18.0 — — — 17.8
Illinois 2,581 21.4 33.0 22.6 15.4 34.8 23.7 10.3 19.3 34.0 21.2 22.5 11.9 — 24.2
Indiana 2,380 27.6 45.6 26.6 17.4 41.1 30.1 10.7 22.7 54.9 25.5 32.5 — — 52.7
Iowa 3,244 20.9 37.9 20.4 11.5 35.2 20.3 7.4 18.2 47.6 20.4 — — — 24.4
Kansas 4,499 19.1 31.5 19.5 10.8 32.6 20.9 8.2 16.6 37.8 18.4 22.3 — — 22.0
Kentucky 3,325 24.7 41.5 24.8 14.5 37.3 28.3 9.5 21.0 48.2 24.7 28.9 — — —
Louisiana 2,889 20.2 26.4 23.0 14.7 26.3 25.3 11.1 16.7 35.5 22.2 16.8 — — 23.9
Maine 3,367 18.7 33.4 18.2 9.8 29.0 22.0 8.5 17.1 29.8 18.6 — — — —
Maryland 4,941 14.9 23.9 19.5 10.0 25.2 19.6 7.3 13.3 27.0 16.4 15.1 4.3 — 8.9
Massachusetts 10,643 15.7 24.7 17.9 11.8 27.7 20.1 7.6 15.1 29.0 16.3 17.4 6.2 — 11.0
Michigan 4,091 20.1 32.8 20.1 13.0 33.6 20.1 10.2 18.1 37.2 19.4 18.5 — — 33.2
Minnesota 2,355 18.1 31.8 20.4 9.2 30.2 21.5 9.6 16.2 39.9 17.5 21.5 — — —
Mississippi 3,259 22.0 28.0 21.9 13.4 29.6 23.1 11.8 18.9 35.4 23.6 19.1 — — 24.1
Missouri 2,382 25.5 42.9 24.6 15.3 38.6 24.4 12.9 21.9 47.0 25.8 18.9 — — —
Montana 3,308 19.5 34.2 16.2 9.4 31.1 21.8 8.2 15.4 36.6 18.4 — — 37.3 23.6
Nebraska 8,558 20.1 32.7 21.5 10.6 33.3 20.6 9.7 17.2 39.5 20.2 19.6 — — 21.2
Nevada 2,339 22.1 32.7 22.6 16.8 26.5 26.5 12.5 20.4 29.4 21.7 16.4 21.2 — 22.6
New Hampshire 3,610 18.3 32.0 23.2 11.1 31.8 22.8 8.7 15.7 41.1 18.4 —  1.5 — —
New Jersey 6,002 16.1 21.2 20.9 11.4 25.1 20.1 8.5 15.3 21.6 17.4 17.7 9.8 — 12.7
New Mexico 2,987 20.5 29.5 17.6 14.2 28.6 22.8 10.4 17.5 32.3 21.0 — — 11.7 21.9
New York 3,796 17.7 24.5 22.7 10.5 28.5 21.3 8.8 15.9 30.8 18.7 20.1 14.1 — 14.1
North Carolina 7,331 22.0 32.4 21.2 13.8 33.5 21.3 10.1 19.5 33.9 22.8 21.0 22.0 40.3 16.3
North Dakota 2,765 20.4 31.5 19.8 14.3 29.0 25.0 8.8 17.9 39.7 19.2 — — 53.1 —
Ohio 5,991 20.9 38.1 22.0 9.9 35.7 22.3 7.0 17.7 45.3 20.0 22.7 8.9 — 41.0
Oklahoma 3,398 25.0 37.3 25.1 12.8 34.5 28.2 10.8 21.9 38.0 23.7 28.1 — 31.2 24.4
Oregon 2,218 16.3 23.4 17.1 9.3 29.0 16.3 6.0 13.6 30.6 16.1 — — — 11.6
Pennsylvania 5,892 22.8 37.9 24.9 13.6 32.8 25.3 10.9 21.3 34.0 22.4 22.6 22.5 — 24.5
Rhode Island 2,317 18.0 25.5 24.3 11.4 28.7 23.8 8.1 16.2 31.2 18.6 19.7 — — 11.3
South Carolina 4,388 19.9 28.7 19.8 14.7 29.9 19.6 10.7 16.7 36.2 21.5 15.9 — — 16.6
South Dakota 3,627 18.7 28.2 17.1 13.6 27.8 20.0 9.9 16.7 33.7 18.0 — — 37.0 —
Tennessee 1,990 20.7 34.1 17.3 11.8 31.6 18.5 9.9 18.1 35.6 22.8 17.3 — — —
Texas 4,767 20.1 26.1 21.4 12.6 28.9 21.3 10.6 16.7 30.5 20.4 19.4 11.9 — 20.6
Utah 2,912 9.8 15.3 13.1 4.4 17.6 8.1 3.4 9.0 13.8 9.5 — — — 14.6
Vermont 3,829 16.8 32.7 15.4 7.7 29.2 16.1 8.1 14.6 32.6 16.6 — — — —
Virginia 2,484 16.2 31.9 18.7 9.8 26.0 20.7 8.6 13.6 39.7 16.6 18.1 10.0 — 15.3
Washington 10,576 15.7 26.1 18.7 8.8 28.3 17.4 6.2 13.6 29.9 15.6 20.8 7.1 31.7 16.1
West Virginia 1,794 26.7 40.1 25.4 14.1 37.9 24.2 13.0 22.4 47.6 26.3 — — — —
Wisconsin 3,843 21.5 31.0 20.4 16.8 32.1 22.6 10.9 19.1 43.5 20.7 28.7 — 38.1 37.5
Wyoming 4,295 21.6 39.3 22.4 12.4 33.1 23.9 7.0 17.9 38.9 20.6 — — 35.7 29.5
United States 196,157 19.2 28.9 20.6 11.9 29.3 21.6 9.2 16.8 32.5 19.7 18.7 10.8 27.8 17.9

a Tobacco use is defined as ever having smoked at least 100 cigarettes and currently smoking every day or some days.
b We restricted the prevalence estimates to the categories in which there were 50 or more respondents; blank cells indicate fewer than 50 respondents in this category. Confidence intervals are available from the authors on request.
c The total number of employed respondents in the 2008 BRFSS data stratified by 50 states and Washington, DC (excluding respondents missing smoking data).

Table 4. Prevalence of No Influenza Vaccination by State Among Workers Aged 50 to 64 Years, 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
State No. of Respondentsb Prevalence of No Influenza Vaccinationa, %
Overall Annual Household Income, $ Educational Attainment Health Insurance Status Race/Ethnicity
<35,000 35,000-74,999 ≥75,000 High School Graduate or Less Some College College Graduate Any None White African American Asian/ Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaska Native Hispanic
Alabama 1,047 59.9 74.5 57.1 50.6 67.6 62.2 49.7 58.5 73.3 56.3 71.2 — — —
Alaska 614 58.2 64.6 61.3 51.2 64.8 58.5 53.2 55.7 73.6 59.6 — — 46.4 —
Arizona 991 65.0 59.5 66.0 64.5 64.3 69.3 62.2 65.2 63.5 65.4 — — — 74.3
Arkansas 1,052 56.2 57.2 56.6 53.5 61.2 54.3 51.8 53.9 72.6 55.6 67.9 — — —
California 2,056 63.4 73.9 65.7 57.7 71.6 63.5 58.4 60.3 87.7 58.5 70.2 68.3 — 70.6
Colorado 2,474 53.3 64.6 54.6 49.8 61.1 55.9 48.2 50.9 75.9 52.5 — — — 57.4
Connecticut 1,254 54.1 63.6 54.1 51.5 56.3 56.0 52.4 52.9 75.7 52.5 61.9 — — 70.0
Delaware 769 53.2 66.0 50.2 49.9 67.0 49.6 47.4 52.2 78.4 52.0 59.2 — — —
District of Columbia 866 55.5 63.7 58.8 50.6 58.7 61.4 53.0 54.5 68.4 44.7 65.0 —  — —
Florida 1,911 70.2 77.7 71.1 64.0 78.6 74.4 62.3 67.9 86.2 66.2 74.4 — — 83.9
Georgia 1,045 62.2 66.5 64.1 58.4 64.5 65.5 58.3 60.7 73.0 60.0 66.4 — — —
Hawaii 1,480 53.9 58.4 53.8 52.0 59.2 56.8 49.9 52.6 87.5 58.6 — 45.9 — 50.9
Idaho 1,022 63.8 72.3 68.4 52.8 75.8 63.5 53.9 60.3 86.7 63.5 — — — —
Illinois 1,000 63.7 78.8 65.1 57.8 69.4 64.9 59.1 63.0 73.3 62.8 69.5 — — —
Indiana 986 62.6 75.3 61.3 57.6 66.5 61.2 60.0 60.5 90.2 61.7 65.2 — — —
Iowa 1,315 52.3 64.2 51.3 47.6 59.0 51.4 44.9 51.7 59.5 52.0 — — — —
Kansas 1,984 57.0 64.7 57.6 53.0 65.9 59.4 50.1 55.3 81.8 56.6 50.5 — — 62.3
Kentucky 1,362 56.4 69.4 57.5 49.0 66.4 57.6 46.0 54.1 78.1 56.6 — —  — —
Louisiana 1,099 56.4 65.5 53.2 52.5 57.7 61.4 52.1 53.7 72.5 55.4 62.3 — — —
Maine 1,535 55.2 64.7 57.4 49.3 61.7 52.0 53.1 52.8 76.3 55.2 — — — —
Maryland 1,991 54.6 61.7 59.3 51.6 67.7 53.4 49.1 53.7 68.2 51.3 61.9 — — —
Massachusetts 4,210 55.4 66.5 57.2 51.5 60.8 60.5 50.9 55.0 66.3 55.1 65.9 — — 51.5
Michigan 1,735 60.9 72.1 61.5 56.1 68.9 64.1 53.6 59.6 75.5 59.5 69.8 — — —
Minnesota 995 50.4 64.5 51.3 44.4 57.6 51.7 45.4 48.4 88.0 50.0 — — — —
Mississippi 1,360 63.2 71.6 63.1 55.8 68.5 62.0 58.1 60.2 80.5 59.4 70.6 — — —
Missouri 1,012 55.8 67.0 56.6 50.7 67.0 56.0 46.4 53.9 76.9 54.2 73.6 — — —
Montana 1,550 61.5 71.0 62.3 52.0 71.9 60.2 55.3 58.4 78.6 61.3 — — 60.7 —
Nebraska 3,794 49.7 59.3 52.5 43.3 57.7 50.4 42.4 47.9 69.0 50.0 — — — 58.5
Nevada 922 71.4 83.3 74.7 65.7 82.0 70.7 64.2 69.3 87.8 67.4 — — — 84.3
New Hampshire 1,571 52.8 57.8 56.4 50.4 62.9 55.3 47.0 51.2 72.0 52.6 — — — —
New Jersey 2,396 60.7 66.8 66.0 56.7 67.1 61.7 56.3 59.4 74.2 60.2 64.7 — — 62.3
New Mexico 1,265 62.0 68.5 60.4 57.9 70.2 59.5 58.4 59.4 77.4 60.6 — — 49.8 65.9
New York 1,614 58.1 69.1 59.5 54.2 65.9 61.1 51.7 55.5 83.3 56.4 70.9 — — 59.9
North Carolina 2,906 55.0 65.3 55.7 48.6 60.5 55.0 49.6 52.6 74.5 52.9 61.0 — 69.9 60.4
North Dakota 1,202 56.0 55.7 58.0 54.8 62.2 55.5 51.3 54.7 69.2 55.7 — — — —
Ohio 2,749 58.8 61.7 59.9 55.6 64.6 64.2 50.4 57.1 78.4 58.2 61.9 — — —
Oklahoma 1,361 49.9 63.6 46.3 43.7 58.6 48.9 41.8 46.5 70.5 50.5 49.4 — 42.7 —
Oregon 1,031 57.9 65.7 62.3 49.9 63.8 59.0 53.3 56.1 75.6 57.3 — — — —
Pennsylvania 2,462 59.2 69.6 57.4 58.0 65.1 60.5 52.3 57.8 77.3 59.1 50.5 — — —
Rhode Island 1,008 50.4 54.8 50.5 49.7 55.7 55.1 45.5 49.3 65.7 49.8 — — — —
South Carolina 1,845 59.5 68.8 62.4 51.5 70.5 63.0 47.9 57.5 75.9 58.0 63.7 — — —
South Dakota 1,636 47.1 54.0 46.1 43.9 51.6 48.9 41.5 44.6 74.6 47.0 — — 46.6 —
Tennessee 851 60.7 66.2 59.9 52.5 68.2 60.0 51.9 59.1 71.9 57.6 69.3 — — —
Texas 1,883 58.6 66.5 61.8 51.5 67.8 59.9 50.3 56.5 67.8 54.7 71.6 — — 64.5
Utah 1,004 51.2 67.2 53.0 45.5 58.5 56.1 43.1 49.1 79.4 50.9 — — — —
Vermont 1,759 56.2 62.4 57.3 53.0 63.6 56.3 51.9 54.3 77.8 55.7 — — — —
Virginia 1,043 54.5 49.0 54.7 53.6 59.7 52.4 52.5 53.4 68.7 54.9 67.2 — — —
Washington 4,829 56.8 66.8 60.2 51.6 67.2 58.5 51.0 55.0 80.1 57.0 — 43.2 55.3 55.9
West Virginia 754 54.3 68.1 52.5 50.1 64.8 48.6 45.6 52.0 73.2 53.4 — — — —
Wisconsin 1,575 57.2 62.8 59.3 51.9 63.7 58.8 49.9 55.4 76.2 56.7 — — — —
Wyoming 1,896 56.9 64.3 59.1 52.7 63.5 59.0 49.3 54.5 75.7 56.8 — — — 54.0
United States 82,071 59.3 68.6 60.5 54.4 66.3 61.0 53.3 57.4 77.1 57.4 66.8 60.3 56.3 67.1

a We restricted the prevalence estimates to the categories in which there were 50 or more respondents; blank cells indicate fewer than 50 respondents in this category. Confidence intervals are available from the authors on request.
b The total number of employed respondents in the 2008 BRFSS data stratified by 50 states and Washington, DC (excluding respondents missing influenza vaccination data).
 

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Volume 8: No. 1, January 2011

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