Table 5.2.a. Urinary daidzein: Total population

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/L) for the total U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

61.0

(55.2-67.3)

6.75

(5.68-8.00)

59.2

(54.0-66.6)

545

(491-642)

5347

6–11 years

88.1

(78.0-99.4)

15.6

(13.0-19.7)

80.2

(68.2-108)

544

(446-726)

726

12–19 years

89.7

(73.2-110)

10.9

(7.50-16.5)

87.5

(74.3-103)

786

(569-1090)

1497

20–39 years

63.7

(55.6-73.1)

6.59

(5.20-8.10)

57.3

(49.9-70.6)

590

(494-781)

1138

40–59 years

52.3

(43.4-63.1)

5.62

(2.90-7.81)

53.9

(44.2-63.0)

505

(397-725)

951

60 years and older

44.8

(38.9-51.6)

4.80

(2.00-6.70)

44.6

(38.7-54.2)

394

(300-519)

1035

Males

Total, 6 years and older

64.8

(57.2-73.4)

7.29

(5.62-9.40)

63.0

(57.2-70.9)

542

(470-694)

2595

6–11 years

95.6

(77.5-118)

19.1

(14.4-20.3)

83.6

(56.3-139)

544

(443-745)

368

12–19 years

87.4

(65.2-117)

12.0

(6.72-18.7)

87.5

(71.0-118)

660

(445-1100)

735

20–39 years

64.4

(53.6-77.3)

6.50

(4.00-11.4)

57.0

(48.2-69.8)

663

(494-935)

499

40–59 years

54.8

(43.2-69.4)

5.70

(3.50-7.81)

58.1

(49.5-68.4)

467

(332-774)

480

60 years and older

54.2

(44.6-65.9)

4.89

(2.60-8.70)

57.9

(43.3-78.7)

414

(300-576)

513

Females

Total, 6 years and older

57.5

(51.9-63.7)

6.41

(5.00-8.00)

56.0

(49.3-62.0)

553

(459-702)

2752

6–11 years

80.7

(66.0-98.8)

13.7

(11.3-19.7)

76.6

(62.3-106)

524

(390-989)

358

12–19 years

92.1

(75.4-112)

10.4

(6.10-16.5)

89.7

(70.2-115)

922

(642-1330)

762

20–39 years

63.1

(51.3-77.7)

7.18

(4.70-8.40)

58.1

(48.2-79.2)

517

(411-987)

639

40–59 years

50.2

(40.5-62.1)

4.40

(1.86-8.22)

46.1

(37.8-61.0)

591

(364-1220)

471

60 years and older

38.7

(32.8-45.7)

4.40

(1.80-6.97)

37.4

(32.0-43.6)

356

(280-461)

522

Table 5.2.b. Urinary daidzein: Mexican Americans

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

55.9

(45.6-68.6)

5.10

(2.41-6.76)

52.5

(43.8-67.4)

618

(513-824)

1495

6–11 years

81.7

(56.7-118)

10.2

(4.39-14.0)

74.5

(43.4-123)

866

(534-1240)

225

12–19 years

71.6

(61.0-84.1)

8.50

(6.30-11.4)

74.6

(56.5-98.5)

595

(475-915)

543

20–39 years

51.9

(36.3-74.2)

3.50

(<LOD-6.82)

47.1

(29.7-68.6)

585

(406-931)

299

40–59 years

46.8

(35.3-62.2)

3.20

(<LOD-6.90)

53.9

(35.8-71.4)

584

(297-980)

221

60 years and older

35.1

(24.7-49.8)

1.96

(<LOD-7.99)

36.3

(27.1-47.3)

366

(182-635)

207

Males

Total, 6 years and older

62.7

(45.6-86.2)

5.20

(1.80-8.41)

62.9

(45.8-85.0)

745

(515-994)

723

6–11 years

91.4

(61.1-137)

12.7

(4.37-26.6)

84.3

(50.0-123)

896

(505-1240)

117

12–19 years

74.9

(57.6-97.4)

7.50

(4.33-11.7)

81.0

(55.8-117)

664

(498-1100)

276

20–39 years

61.9

(37.0-104)

2.40

(<LOD-9.60)

57.6

(30.1-108)

706

(446-1070)

126

40–59 years

52.5

(33.6-82.1)

5.03†

(<LOD-11.2)

56.0

(33.5-92.5)

872†

(331-1090)

105

60 years and older

29.1

(16.5-51.3)

< LOD†

31.6

(18.2-47.3)

284†

(106-659)

99

Females

Total, 6 years and older

49.4

(41.1-59.4)

5.40

(1.70-7.52)

45.9

(35.7-54.0)

522

(388-682)

772

6–11 years

72.8

(43.9-121)

6.59†

(<LOD-12.5)

60.6

(29.5-195)

824†

(514-1420)

108

12–19 years

68.1

(57.5-80.8)

9.70

(6.30-11.8)

69.0

(48.5-93.2)

541

(299-1440)

267

20–39 years

42.2

(28.9-61.6)

4.30

(<LOD-10.7)

35.4

(26.3-51.4)

450

(324-669)

173

40–59 years

41.5

(28.4-60.6)

< LOD

50.1

(26.2-71.4)

302

(213-800)

116

60 years and older

41.0

(25.7-65.5)

2.70†

(<LOD-11.2)

37.4

(22.8-76.8)

370†

(170-804)

108

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

Table 5.2.c. Urinary daidzein: Non-Hispanic blacks

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/L) for non-Hispanic blacks in the U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

76.1

(62.0-93.4)

8.10

(5.45-11.1)

88.4

(68.8-106)

628

(491-906)

1288

6–11 years

120

(95.7-151)

12.5

(8.61-17.9)

135

(99.1-172)

1130

(628-1850)

249

12–19 years

119

(98.9-144)

15.1

(10.6-20.4)

118

(98.1-148)

950

(660-1370)

450

20–39 years

77.7

(56.4-107)

9.50

(3.00-12.2)

91.3

(58.1-149)

578

(363-1330)

197

40–59 years

58.7

(40.0-86.2)

6.05

(<LOD-12.1)

66.1

(41.5-96.3)

529

(393-816)

210

60 years and older

45.2

(29.3-69.9)

1.90

(<LOD-6.60)

44.7

(26.5-70.9)

556

(377-1140)

182

Males

Total, 6 years and older

78.3

(56.9-108)

8.98

(<LOD-14.2)

90.4

(65.6-122)

632

(489-1040)

627

6–11 years

142

(104-194)

16.4

(11.3-24.2)

161

(94.9-244)

1360

(597-1850)

127

12–19 years

123

(101-150)

14.9

(10.5-21.1)

142

(104-183)

1030

(650-1320)

211

20–39 years

74.4

(45.4-122)

8.45†

(<LOD-15.0)

86.4

(42.6-198)

582†

(305-1340)

91

40–59 years

52.3

(29.5-92.9)

5.80†

(<LOD-16.4)

65.5

(31.2-117)

358†

(233-594)

109

60 years and older

55.7

(28.3-110)

< LOD†

58.1

(31.0-104)

519†

(377-1960)

89

Females

Total, 6 years and older

74.2

(61.5-89.6)

7.70

(3.61-11.3)

85.9

(66.6-103)

611

(473-856)

661

6–11 years

100

(70.3-144)

10.0

(<LOD-26.2)

107

(79.6-152)

1130

(467-2300)

122

12–19 years

115

(88.3-151)

15.2

(6.80-24.8)

106

(85.2-129)

805

(545-1840)

239

20–39 years

80.4

(57.7-112)

9.50†

(2.80-14.3)

98.0

(58.7-155)

465†

(331-1400)

106

40–59 years

64.8

(44.8-93.5)

5.70†

(<LOD-13.6)

68.8

(37.7-101)

541†

(393-1170)

101

60 years and older

39.4

(23.9-64.8)

2.30†

(<LOD-5.45)

33.9

(21.6-61.6)

560†

(267-1140)

93

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

Table 5.2.d. Urinary daidzein: Non-Hispanic whites

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/L) for non-Hispanic whites in the U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

58.4

(53.0-64.3)

6.60

(5.33-8.10)

56.2

(51.5-61.0)

505

(439-636)

2112

6–11 years

83.8

(69.3-101)

16.5

(13.0-20.3)

76.6

(58.9-112)

443

(385-694)

196

12–19 years

84.2

(62.7-113)

9.60

(4.93-16.9)

85.3

(68.3-119)

755

(493-1310)

375

20–39 years

62.0

(52.1-73.8)

6.59

(4.00-9.20)

52.1

(44.3-65.5)

601

(437-987)

529

40–59 years

54.7

(44.4-67.5)

5.70

(3.16-8.00)

54.8

(44.8-62.3)

508

(393-852)

434

60 years and older

41.5

(35.3-48.9)

5.00

(2.00-7.70)

41.7

(36.9-50.6)

337

(235-416)

578

Males

Total, 6 years and older

63.4

(55.9-71.9)

7.77

(5.80-10.1)

59.0

(53.2-69.8)

505

(418-667)

1038

6–11 years

86.4

(62.7-119)

20.2†

(13.0-26.6)

77.7

(43.8-155)

470†

(317-694)

101

12–19 years

79.2

(50.9-123)

11.1

(3.70-19.2)

76.9

(53.0-121)

586

(354-1300)

190

20–39 years

59.7

(48.0-74.3)

5.30

(2.00-12.0)

48.9

(37.3-66.9)

663

(362-1410)

231

40–59 years

62.4

(50.6-76.9)

6.30

(5.20-10.1)

58.4

(49.8-71.1)

501

(322-838)

225

60 years and older

53.1

(42.5-66.3)

5.20

(2.90-10.0)

57.2

(42.3-78.2)

377

(273-570)

291

Females

Total, 6 years and older

54.0

(48.2-60.4)

6.20

(3.63-7.77)

52.0

(44.8-59.2)

505

(432-705)

1074

6–11 years

81.0

(59.0-111)

13.7†

(11.6-22.0)

76.6

(58.9-121)

466†

(284-1130)

95

12–19 years

90.3

(67.4-121)

9.30

(3.80-18.9)

90.5

(68.3-140)

922

(566-1410)

185

20–39 years

64.3

(49.0-84.4)

6.70

(3.63-9.30)

56.2

(43.1-79.2)

530

(369-1300)

298

40–59 years

48.1

(35.4-65.4)

3.16

(<LOD-10.1)

45.0

(35.4-64.2)

638

(220-1370)

209

60 years and older

34.3

(27.8-42.3)

3.60

(<LOD-7.08)

34.6

(28.5-41.1)

262

(190-398)

287

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

Table 5.2.e. Urinary daidzein: Total population (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/g creatinine) for the total U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

56.9

(51.4-63.0)

6.67

(5.54-8.00)

56.3

(50.0-64.0)

536

(460-600)

5347

6–11 years

95.6

(83.2-110)

18.4

(14.3-21.2)

88.9

(73.4-112)

635

(494-733)

726

12–19 years

64.8

(52.3-80.3)

8.03

(5.73-10.4)

63.4

(50.0-86.2)

600

(402-797)

1497

20–39 years

51.1

(44.8-58.3)

5.91

(4.85-7.32)

48.8

(41.2-57.7)

523

(390-624)

1138

40–59 years

52.6

(43.7-63.2)

5.54

(3.58-7.49)

51.0

(43.3-65.4)

535

(391-689)

951

60 years and older

53.7

(46.4-62.1)

6.01

(3.90-8.62)

55.5

(43.5-71.3)

389

(308-555)

1035

Males

Total, 6 years and older

52.1

(45.8-59.3)

5.96

(5.05-7.39)

51.0

(45.2-59.7)

497

(373-601)

2595

6–11 years

101

(80.4-127)

22.7

(14.5-30.1)

88.8

(58.6-143)

553

(447-733)

368

12–19 years

62.0

(47.2-81.5)

9.03

(6.10-10.4)

61.6

(48.6-85.6)

547

(301-921)

735

20–39 years

44.8

(36.8-54.7)

5.36

(3.66-7.20)

41.2

(33.1-47.9)

497

(268-847)

499

40–59 years

45.5

(35.9-57.6)

5.05

(3.28-7.38)

45.2

(32.0-65.0)

478

(263-693)

480

60 years and older

50.9

(41.8-62.0)

4.52

(3.09-7.91)

61.8

(44.2-81.0)

363

(255-659)

513

Females

Total, 6 years and older

61.9

(55.4-69.1)

7.18

(5.91-9.10)

61.0

(53.3-70.4)

564

(468-628)

2752

6–11 years

90.3

(72.6-112)

14.9

(11.9-19.0)

86.3

(70.8-112)

668

(414-838)

358

12–19 years

67.9

(54.6-84.3)

6.80

(5.25-9.92)

65.1

(48.1-91.9)

628

(478-742)

762

20–39 years

58.1

(47.6-70.9)

6.74

(3.67-9.55)

56.2

(45.0-78.2)

571

(370-783)

639

40–59 years

60.3

(48.0-75.8)

6.58

(3.42-9.23)

62.4

(43.2-75.6)

564

(387-950)

471

60 years and older

56.0

(47.2-66.3)

6.52

(4.52-11.4)

50.9

(39.3-64.8)

451

(312-560)

522

Table 5.2.f. Urinary daidzein: Mexican Americans (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/g creatinine) for Mexican Americans in the U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

52.0

(43.7-61.9)

4.81

(3.32-7.03)

48.7

(38.2-65.0)

546

(460-645)

1495

6–11 years

105

(81.0-136)

11.9

(8.98-17.4)

91.1

(65.5-149)

957

(715-1660)

225

12–19 years

56.5

(47.8-66.8)

7.20

(5.28-9.29)

58.1

(45.6-71.6)

511

(358-684)

543

20–39 years

43.0

(31.3-59.0)

3.88

(<LOD-6.82)

35.3

(23.2-57.9)

486

(307-608)

299

40–59 years

46.9

(35.3-62.4)

3.22

(<LOD-6.50)

47.5

(36.0-67.3)

483

(303-708)

221

60 years and older

40.3

(28.2-57.8)

3.97

(<LOD-8.56)

41.0

(27.1-73.4)

343

(223-638)

207

Males

Total, 6 years and older

51.8

(39.5-68.0)

4.77

(2.90-7.95)

51.0

(38.2-72.0)

585

(471-708)

723

6–11 years

110

(79.0-152)

14.8

(10.2-24.5)

91.1

(57.4-149)

957

(596-1140)

117

12–19 years

56.4

(43.0-73.9)

5.65

(3.59-9.03)

64.9

(39.8-90.0)

614

(358-837)

276

20–39 years

45.8

(28.9-72.6)

3.90

(<LOD-7.95)

40.6

(21.8-91.4)

495

(307-641)

126

40–59 years

44.2

(27.9-69.9)

3.31†

(<LOD-9.43)

45.9

(32.2-68.7)

542†

(198-1020)

105

60 years and older

27.4

(15.6-48.1)

< LOD†

35.5

(15.0-63.9)

201†

(141-458)

99

Females

Total, 6 years and older

52.2

(44.0-62.0)

4.81

(3.00-8.02)

43.5

(34.1-65.5)

495

(384-600)

772

6–11 years

100

(70.6-142)

8.61†

(<LOD-15.7)

103

(55.2-201)

1080†

(649-2300)

108

12–19 years

56.6

(47.1-68.0)

8.23

(5.38-9.99)

51.2

(36.9-65.0)

399

(266-684)

267

20–39 years

39.9

(27.9-57.0)

3.50

(<LOD-10.4)

30.6

(22.1-66.4)

384

(271-517)

173

40–59 years

50.1

(36.0-69.6)

< LOD

49.8

(27.9-102)

474

(245-708)

116

60 years and older

55.6

(35.9-86.1)

8.02†

(<LOD-12.3)

54.0

(28.9-89.9)

479†

(258-984)

108

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the uncorrected urine value, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

Table 5.2.g. Urinary daidzein: Non-Hispanic blacks (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/g creatinine) for non-Hispanic blacks in the U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

51.3

(42.1-62.4)

5.54

(3.95-7.05)

57.1

(46.5-70.5)

447

(306-599)

1288

6–11 years

113

(91.3-139)

15.4

(10.2-21.8)

109

(83.6-145)

955

(683-1280)

249

12–19 years

67.0

(56.1-80.1)

9.23

(6.59-10.9)

75.7

(54.8-93.7)

561

(317-975)

450

20–39 years

44.2

(32.2-60.8)

5.07

(2.92-7.58)

52.1

(38.4-71.7)

348

(207-541)

197

40–59 years

39.6

(28.3-55.4)

3.95

(<LOD-7.27)

46.5

(26.5-64.1)

272

(215-446)

210

60 years and older

42.5

(29.7-60.7)

2.34

(<LOD-8.65)

40.4

(27.2-79.3)

488

(249-721)

182

Males

Total, 6 years and older

47.3

(34.8-64.3)

5.07

(<LOD-8.50)

54.1

(40.2-70.2)

472

(297-600)

627

6–11 years

132

(96.4-180)

17.7

(9.66-30.8)

151

(80.0-229)

1050

(661-1300)

127

12–19 years

67.3

(55.8-81.2)

9.03

(4.93-11.3)

80.8

(61.6-106)

499

(370-650)

211

20–39 years

36.1

(22.5-57.7)

5.17†

(<LOD-8.50)

41.2

(24.5-70.2)

249†

(162-541)

91

40–59 years

31.9

(18.4-55.2)

1.76†

(<LOD-10.2)

38.4

(20.4-64.8)

258†

(117-696)

109

60 years and older

41.4

(22.1-77.7)

< LOD†

36.0

(23.1-92.3)

562†

(214-1370)

89

Females

Total, 6 years and older

54.9

(46.3-65.0)

6.20

(3.75-8.65)

62.2

(48.7-77.1)

430

(302-639)

661

6–11 years

95.0

(71.7-126)

11.9

(<LOD-20.6)

86.3

(69.7-129)

773

(381-1640)

122

12–19 years

66.7

(51.9-85.8)

9.35

(5.68-12.5)

72.7

(42.1-91.2)

622

(251-1160)

239

20–39 years

51.9

(37.2-72.6)

4.86†

(2.92-7.58)

64.6

(47.0-92.1)

372†

(207-639)

106

40–59 years

47.6

(35.3-64.2)

6.58†

(<LOD-11.1)

48.4

(29.1-70.8)

302†

(215-802)

101

60 years and older

43.2

(28.0-66.6)

2.31†

(<LOD-10.0)

44.0

(24.3-85.9)

463†

(248-828)

93

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the uncorrected urine value, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

Table 5.2.h. Urinary daidzein: Non-Hispanic whites (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/g creatinine) for non-Hispanic whites in the U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

58.1

(52.9-64.0)

6.90

(5.66-9.03)

57.8

(51.0-64.2)

506

(413-601)

2112

6–11 years

90.9

(75.0-110)

19.0

(14.3-25.4)

88.3

(70.8-112)

494

(324-710)

196

12–19 years

63.8

(46.5-87.6)

7.18

(4.27-12.2)

63.6

(44.8-96.2)

601

(386-987)

375

20–39 years

54.0

(47.0-62.1)

6.52

(4.85-8.83)

49.8

(39.7-60.4)

579

(384-847)

529

40–59 years

57.4

(47.5-69.3)

6.54

(4.23-9.94)

59.0

(44.1-70.2)

548

(377-807)

434

60 years and older

51.8

(44.0-61.0)

6.01

(3.86-8.87)

53.4

(41.3-69.6)

318

(260-475)

578

Males

Total, 6 years and older

53.7

(47.4-60.7)

6.62

(5.39-8.80)

54.1

(45.5-63.3)

464

(336-586)

1038

6–11 years

95.0

(70.0-129)

24.9†

(14.1-31.9)

88.3

(56.2-152)

425†

(302-710)

101

12–19 years

60.2

(39.6-91.4)

9.03

(4.43-12.7)

58.5

(41.9-92.6)

463

(217-1030)

190

20–39 years

45.4

(36.2-56.9)

5.50

(2.82-8.07)

40.4

(29.1-54.6)

497

(248-850)

231

40–59 years

52.5

(43.0-64.0)

6.03

(4.60-9.94)

47.0

(34.5-71.5)

502

(276-723)

225

60 years and older

50.7

(40.7-63.3)

5.14

(3.40-8.87)

61.7

(45.4-80.0)

313

(215-555)

291

Females

Total, 6 years and older

62.8

(55.9-70.5)

7.48

(5.49-10.5)

60.8

(52.8-70.4)

564

(423-655)

1074

6–11 years

86.6

(62.6-120)

16.5†

(11.1-21.2)

86.6

(55.2-113)

655†

(275-938)

95

12–19 years

68.2

(48.9-95.0)

6.56

(4.27-9.12)

73.4

(45.1-113)

628

(442-990)

185

20–39 years

64.0

(51.1-80.2)

8.28

(2.74-14.0)

58.0

(44.1-88.7)

607

(384-852)

298

40–59 years

62.7

(46.3-84.9)

6.79

(<LOD-12.6)

65.4

(41.0-79.9)

564

(356-1220)

209

60 years and older

52.6

(42.5-65.1)

6.27

(<LOD-11.3)

49.2

(35.1-66.1)

316

(250-555)

287

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the uncorrected urine value, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.