Research

Research graph.

CDC conducts and supports research to understand the effectiveness, feasibility, and secondary consequences of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during a flu pandemic.

Below are selected scientific articles by CDC and other researchers that provide background information about why NPIs are an important strategy in slowing the spread of flu. The articles are arranged with the most recent article listed first, and the asterisk (*) signifies that CDC was involved with conducting or supporting the research.

• * ILI-Related School Dismissal Monitoring System: An Overview and Assessment (Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, Jun 2012)
• * Response to 2009 Pandemic Influenza A H1N1 Among Public Schools of Georgia, United States – Fall 2009 (International Journal of Infectious Diseases, May 2012)
• * Pandemic Influenza A in Residential Summer Camps – Maine, 2009 (Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Mar. 2012)
• Effects of School Closure on Incidence of Pandemic Influenza in Alberta, Canada (Annals of Internal Medicine, Feb. 2012)
• * Effects of Hand Hygiene Campaigns on Incidence of Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza and Absenteeism in School Children, Cairo, Egypt (Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal, Apr. 2011)
• * Role of Social Networks in Shaping Disease Transmission During a Community Outbreak of 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, Feb. 2011)
• A High-Resolution Human Contact Network for Infectious Disease Transmission (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, Dec. 2010)
• * Parental Attitudes and Experiences During School Dismissals Related to 2009 Influenza A (H1N1)- United States, 2009 [PDF - 40 pages] (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, page 1131, Sept. 2010)
• School Opening Dates Predict Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Outbreaks in the United States (The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Sept. 2010)
• * Compliance with a Multilayered Nonpharmaceutical Intervention in an Urban Elementary School Setting (Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, Jul.-Aug. 2010)
• Preliminary Estimates of Mortality and Years of Life Lost Associated with the 2009 A/H1N1 Pandemic in the US and Comparison with Past Influenza Seasons (PLoS Currents, Mar. 2010)
• * The 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in the United States: Lessons Learned and Challenges Exposed [PDF - 3 pages] (Public Health Reports, Apr. 2010)
• What Mexico Taught the World about Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Community Mitigation Strategies (Journal of the American Medical Association, Sept. 2009)
• Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis (American Journal of Public Health, Aug. 2008)
• * Nonpharmaceutical Interventions Implemented by Cities during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic (Journal of the American Medical Association, Aug. 2007)
• Public Health Interventions and Epidemic Intensity during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, May 2007)