| Agent Name | PARAFORMALDEHYDE |
| CAS # | 30525-89-4 |
| RTECS # | |
| Agent Code | M1528 |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 486 | GROUNDSKEEPERS AND GARDENERS, EXCEPT FARM | 0.0% |
50.0% |
50.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,186 |
| SUBTOTAL | 0.0% |
50.0% |
50.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,186 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 616 | MINING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
8,072 |
| SUBTOTAL | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
8,072 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 593 | INSULATION WORKERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
2,950 |
| SUBTOTAL | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
2,950 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 759 | PAINTING AND PAINT SPRAYING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
137 |
| SUBTOTAL | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
137 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 453 | JANITORS AND CLEANERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
222 |
| 667 | TAILORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
944 |
| 805 | TRUCK DRIVERS, LIGHT | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
167 |
| 888 | HAND PACKERS AND PACKAGERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,555 |
| SUBTOTAL | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
2,888 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 216 | ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS, N.E.C. | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
357 |
| 453 | JANITORS AND CLEANERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
952 |
| 579 | PAINTERS, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,020 |
| 727 | SAWING MACHINE OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
50.0% |
50.0% |
0.0% |
1,769 |
| 733 | MISCELLANEOUS WOODWORKING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
2,313 |
| 779 | MACHINE OPERATORS, NOT SPECIFIED | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,448 |
| 785 | ASSEMBLERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
5,108 |
| SUBTOTAL | 86.3% |
0.0% |
6.8% |
6.8% |
0.0% |
12,967 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 518 | INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY REPAIRERS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
66.7% |
33.3% |
0.0% |
2,197 |
| 727 | SAWING MACHINE OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
66.7% |
33.3% |
0.0% |
2,696 |
| 758 | COMPRESSING AND COMPACTING MACHINE OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
50.0% |
50.0% |
0.0% |
843 |
| SUBTOTAL | 0.0% |
0.0% |
64.2% |
35.7% |
0.0% |
5,736 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 453 | JANITORS AND CLEANERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
412 |
| 734 | PRINTING MACHINE OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
560 |
| 757 | SEPARATING, FILTERING, AND CLARIFYING MACHINE OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
32 |
| 787 | HAND MOLDING, CASTING, AND FORMING OCCUPATIONS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
687 |
| SUBTOTAL | 64.9% |
0.0% |
35.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,691 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 453 | JANITORS AND CLEANERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
273 |
| 679 | BOOKBINDERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,385 |
| 719 | MOLDING AND CASTING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
667 |
| 734 | PRINTING MACHINE OPERATORS | 93.7% |
0.0% |
4.9% |
1.4% |
0.0% |
88,052 |
| 735 | PHOTOENGRAVERS AND LITHOGRAPHERS | 70.0% |
0.0% |
30.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
179 |
| 756 | MIXING AND BLENDING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
328 |
| 777 | MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE OPERATORS, N.E.C. | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,385 |
| 779 | MACHINE OPERATORS, NOT SPECIFIED | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
796 |
| SUBTOTAL | 93.9% |
0.0% |
4.6% |
1.3% |
0.0% |
93,065 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 019 | MANAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS, N.E.C. | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
395 |
| 224 | CHEMICAL TECHNICIANS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
4,456 |
| 364 | TRAFFIC, SHIPPING, AND RECEIVING CLERKS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
197 |
| 453 | JANITORS AND CLEANERS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
1,782 |
| 756 | MIXING AND BLENDING MACHINE OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
4,010 |
| 777 | MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE OPERATORS, N.E.C. | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
494 |
| 779 | MACHINE OPERATORS, NOT SPECIFIED | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
205 |
| 798 | PRODUCTION SAMPLERS AND WEIGHERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
296 |
| SUBTOTAL | 13.4% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
86.5% |
0.0% |
11,835 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 453 | JANITORS AND CLEANERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
562 |
| 719 | MOLDING AND CASTING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
32 |
| 779 | MACHINE OPERATORS, NOT SPECIFIED | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
346 |
| 878 | MACHINE FEEDERS AND OFFBEARERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
32 |
| SUBTOTAL | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
972 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 637 | MACHINISTS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
4,846 |
| 719 | MOLDING AND CASTING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
115 |
| SUBTOTAL | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
4,961 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 453 | JANITORS AND CLEANERS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
835 |
| 549 | NOT SPECIFIED MECHANICS AND REPAIRERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
352 |
| 637 | MACHINISTS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
3,747 |
| 725 | MISCELLANEOUS METAL AND PLASTIC PROCESSING MACHINE OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
49 |
| 777 | MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE OPERATORS, N.E.C. | 0.0% |
0.0% |
66.7% |
33.3% |
0.0% |
4,874 |
| 796 | PRODUCTION INSPECTORS, CHECKERS, AND EXAMINERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
397 |
| 887 | VEHICLE WASHERS AND EQUIPMENT CLEANERS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
66.7% |
33.3% |
0.0% |
61 |
| SUBTOTAL | 43.5% |
0.0% |
40.4% |
15.9% |
0.0% |
10,315 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 027 | PERSONNEL, TRAINING, AND LABOR RELATIONS SPECIALISTS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
516 |
| 365 | STOCK AND INVENTORY CLERKS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
322 |
| 453 | JANITORS AND CLEANERS | 39.9% |
0.0% |
60.1% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,930 |
| 518 | INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY REPAIRERS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
90 |
| 637 | MACHINISTS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
87.5% |
12.5% |
0.0% |
8,107 |
| 703 | LATHE AND TURNING MACHINE SET-UP OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
523 |
| 704 | LATHE AND TURNING MACHINE OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
643 |
| 709 | GRINDING, ABRADING, BUFFING, AND POLISHING MACHINE OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
16,937 |
| 713 | FORGING MACHINE OPERATORS | 50.0% |
0.0% |
50.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
5,162 |
| 777 | MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE OPERATORS, N.E.C. | 75.3% |
0.0% |
24.7% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,517 |
| 779 | MACHINE OPERATORS, NOT SPECIFIED | 47.2% |
0.0% |
52.8% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
609 |
| 785 | ASSEMBLERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
274 |
| SUBTOTAL | 15.2% |
0.0% |
82.0% |
2.7% |
0.0% |
36,630 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 235 | TECHNICIANS, N.E.C. | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
94 |
| 453 | JANITORS AND CLEANERS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
125 |
| 637 | MACHINISTS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
3,261 |
| 734 | PRINTING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,007 |
| 779 | MACHINE OPERATORS, NOT SPECIFIED | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
15,233 |
| SUBTOTAL | 21.6% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
78.3% |
0.0% |
19,720 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 544 | MILLWRIGHTS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
168 |
| 549 | NOT SPECIFIED MECHANICS AND REPAIRERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
215 |
| 683 | ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT ASSEMBLERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
359 |
| 703 | LATHE AND TURNING MACHINE SET-UP OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
191 |
| 777 | MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE OPERATORS, N.E.C. | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
622 |
| 856 | INDUSTRIAL TRUCK AND TRACTOR EQUIPMENT OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
287 |
| SUBTOTAL | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,842 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 215 | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
567 |
| 364 | TRAFFIC, SHIPPING, AND RECEIVING CLERKS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
244 |
| 453 | JANITORS AND CLEANERS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
1,528 |
| 544 | MILLWRIGHTS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
426 |
| 634 | TOOL AND DIE MAKERS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
301 |
| 637 | MACHINISTS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
2,052 |
| 684 | MISCELLANEOUS PRECISION WORKERS, N.E.C. | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
17 |
| 705 | MILLING AND PLANING MACHINE OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
139 |
| 708 | DRILLING AND BORING MACHINE OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
17 |
| 759 | PAINTING AND PAINT SPRAYING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
28 |
| 774 | PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
909 |
| 777 | MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE OPERATORS, N.E.C. | 0.0% |
0.0% |
50.0% |
50.0% |
0.0% |
17 |
| 779 | MACHINE OPERATORS, NOT SPECIFIED | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
426 |
| 856 | INDUSTRIAL TRUCK AND TRACTOR EQUIPMENT OPERATORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
70 |
| 888 | HAND PACKERS AND PACKAGERS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
306 |
| 889 | LABORERS, EXCEPT CONSTRUCTION | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
1,240 |
| SUBTOTAL | 16.4% |
0.0% |
10.9% |
72.5% |
0.0% |
8,287 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 637 | MACHINISTS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
502 |
| 704 | LATHE AND TURNING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
189 |
| 777 | MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE OPERATORS, N.E.C. | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
35 |
| SUBTOTAL | 26.0% |
0.0% |
69.1% |
0.0% |
4.8% |
726 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 708 | DRILLING AND BORING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
32 |
| SUBTOTAL | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
32 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 508 | AIRCRAFT ENGINE MECHANICS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
13,414 |
| SUBTOTAL | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
13,414 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 696 | STATIONARY ENGINEERS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
2,761 |
| SUBTOTAL | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
2,761 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 018 | FUNERAL DIRECTORS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
96.7% |
3.3% |
0.0% |
29,152 |
| 019 | MANAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS, N.E.C. | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
7,888 |
| 235 | TECHNICIANS, N.E.C. | 0.0% |
0.0% |
68.4% |
31.6% |
0.0% |
18,343 |
| 274 | SALES WORKERS, OTHER COMMODITIES | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
10,517 |
| 449 | MAIDS AND HOUSEMEN | 0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
7,048 |
| 747 | PRESSING MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
5,259 |
| 748 | LAUNDERING AND DRY CLEANING MACHINE OPERATORS | 50.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
50.0% |
0.0% |
5,259 |
| 774 | PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS MACHINE OPERATORS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
5,259 |
| 796 | PRODUCTION INSPECTORS, CHECKERS, AND EXAMINERS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
2,629 |
| 889 | LABORERS, EXCEPT CONSTRUCTION | 50.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
50.0% |
0.0% |
10,517 |
| SUBTOTAL | 38.7% |
0.0% |
46.9% |
14.3% |
0.0% |
101,871 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 073 | CHEMISTS, EXCEPT BIOCHEMISTS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
1,310 |
| 216 | ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS, N.E.C. | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
68 |
| 224 | CHEMICAL TECHNICIANS | 50.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
50.0% |
0.0% |
2,889 |
| SUBTOTAL | 33.8% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
66.1% |
0.0% |
4,267 | |
| Code | Occupation Description (1980) | No Control |
Resp Prot |
Other PPE |
Vent |
Other Control |
Exposures |
| 019 | MANAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS, N.E.C. | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
14 |
| 078 | BIOLOGICAL AND LIFE SCIENTISTS | 53.4% |
0.0% |
46.6% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
12 |
| 083 | MEDICAL SCIENTISTS | 0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
100.0% |
0.0% |
21 |
| 084 | PHYSICIANS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
49 |
| 203 | CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1,783 |
| 235 | TECHNICIANS, N.E.C. | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
14 |
| 323 | INFORMATION CLERKS, N.E.C. | 100.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
21 |
| 446 | HEALTH AIDES, EXCEPT NURSING | 14.9% |
0.0% |
63.9% |
21.3% |
0.0% |
235 |
| SUBTOTAL | 89.4% |
0.0% |
7.2% |
3.3% |
0.0% |
2,149 | |
| TOTAL | 56.0% |
0.1% |
27.6% |
16.0% |
1.0% |
348,474 | |
| RELATED PAGES: Estimates by SIC, Estimates by Occupation, Estimates by Occupation within SIC | |||||||
| ABBREVIATIONS: Resp Prot = Respiratory Protection Other PPE = Personal Protective Equipment Other Than Respiratory Protection Vent = Ventilation | |||||||
*(1) The estimates for each occupation apply only to the 3- and 4-digit SICs surveyed within the 2-digit SIC where the agent was observed. Not all SICs were surveyed, and not all agents were observed in all surveyed SICs. (2) When using the estimated numbers of exposures, standard errors associated with estimates should be considered. (3) Potential exposures to a chemical agent are categorized as actual (i.e., the surveyor observed the use of the specific agent) or tradename (i.e., the surveyor observed the use of a tradename product known to contain the specific agent). The estimates presented in the table combine both categories. (4) For a given occupation, the estimated number of potential exposures is not necessarily equal to the estimated total number of potentially exposed workers. For example, a worker may be exposed to the same agent from multiple sources; thus, it is not the worker that is controlled but the exposure. (5) The presence or absence of controls does not imply that controls are necessary or required. The estimates and the controls are strictly based on observations associated with potential exposures.