 OCCUPATIONAL DERMATOSES--A PROGRAM FOR PHYSICIANS--NOTE: This document is provided for historical purposes only.
Page last updated: April 17, 2001
Page last reviewed: January 5, 1998 Content Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
|
Skin tumors, such as this ulcerating squamous cell carcinoma most frequently arise after years of occupational exposure. Malignant tumors may represent to occupational carcinogens such as coal tar and physical agents such as sunlight. Skin cancer is the commonest form of cancer. The role played by occupational factors is frequently difficult to determine.
There are four direct causes of occupational dermatoses. In order of their importance and frequency they are: chemical, mechanical, physical and biological.
Many new chemicals capable of injuring the skin are introduced each year. Organic and inorganic chemicals encountered in industry, including tose in natural products, constitute a never-ending list of potential hazards. These chemicals may act as primary irritants or as allergic sensitizers.
A primary skin irritant is a substance that causes damage at the site of contact because of direct chemical or physical action on the skin. No antecedent immunologic sensitization is required. Some primary skin irritants are also allergens. Only about 20% of all occupational contact dermatitis results form sensitization, while about 80% is attributable to primary irritants.
Absolute irritants include an extensive list of strong acids and basis, and reactive chemical compounds. Their potential hazard is usually recognized and skin problems arise most often as accidents or as a result of basic unfamiliarity or ignorance. These agents produce severe inflammation on the first exposure. The response may vary from redness to necrosis.