|
|
Workshop Discussions
Opportunities for Effective
Actions to Reduce the Burden of Harmful Exposures of the Skin to Chemicals:
- IV. National or International
Bodies preparing technical risk assessment and risk management requirements
or recommendations
Typical Steps:
A. Surveillance
1. Data to identify previously unidentified problems
a. Skin Exposure – Exposure intensities identified by chemical and
task
i. (list citations for databases here)
ii. …
b. Health Effects – Identified so as to allow determination whether
skin exposure to chemicals is a likely cause
i. (list citations for databases here)
ii. …
2. Data-Gathering Protocols – Standard procedures for collecting representative
hazard and health effect data
a. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
b. …
B. Exposure Characterization
1. Data
a. Lists of tasks, processes, products, chemicals used, chemicals
produced, occupations/job titles/categories of people/individuals
involved, personal protective equipment and other controls being
used and relevant environmental conditions
b. Results of measuring the intensity of skin exposures, which include
exposure concentration, area of skin exposed and duration of skin
exposure
c. Results of exposure biomonitoring
2. Data-Gathering Protocols
a. Questionnaires, checklists, data sheets or other tools to aid
in the collection of information about exposure potential by professionals
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
b. Protocols for collecting data on surface contamination, skin
contamination (wiping, washing, tape-stripping) or contamination
of skin surrogates (pads, clothing) coupled with exposed skin area
and exposure duration information
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
c. Protocols for collecting biomonitoring data to characterize skin
exposure
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
C. Hazard Identification
1. Data
a. Potential for local and systemic health effects for each chemical
under the conditions of exposure gleaned from clinical, epidemiological
or toxicological studies
b. Potential for interactions among chemicals
c. Potential for a chemical to cross the skin barrier and interact
with living tissue under conditions of the actual exposure
2. Data-Gathering Protocols
a. Lists of sources of appropriate summary health effect and toxicological
information about chemicals
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
b. Protocols for literature searches for this type of information
i. (list citations for informational items here)
ii. …
c. Protocols for characterizing the corrosivity of a chemical or
mixture
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
d. Protocols for characterizing the irritation potential of a chemical
or mixture
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
e. Protocols for characterizing the sensitization potential of a
chemical or mixture
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
f. Protocols for characterizing the potential for a chemical or
mixture to cause systemic effects after dermal exposure
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
g. Protocols for making relevant measurements of skin permeation
rates and reservoir effects
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
3. Output – Summary of potential health effects, including interactions,
and dose-response information relevant to the conditions of the exposure
D. Risk Assessment
1. Data – Summaries of relevant data collected in the Exposure Characterization
and Hazard Identification steps
2. Decision-Making Procedures
a. Local Effects – Guidelines for deciding whether skin exposure
to a chemical or mixture that is occurring at a site is likely to
be cause unacceptable local effects
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
b. Systemic Effects - Guidelines for deciding whether skin exposure
to a chemical or mixture that is occurring at a site is likely to
be causing unacceptable systemic effects
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
3. Output – List of exposures (chemicals and tasks) that may be unacceptably
high, the rationale for the decisions and exposure reduction goals
(may not be quantitative)
E. Risk Management
1. Data
a. List of exposures (chemicals and tasks) that may be unacceptably
high, including an exposure reduction goal (may not be quantitative)
b. General information on skin physiology, maintenance, exposure
and decontamination
c. Process requirements
d. Experiences in similar exposure situations
2. Data-Gathering Protocols
a. Sources of general information on skin physiology, maintenance,
exposure and decontamination, including example educational materials
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
b. Protocols guiding the collection of information on process requirements
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
c. Sources of information on exposure control experiences in similar
exposure situations
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
3. Decision-Making Procedures
a. Substitution – Guidance in deciding whether less hazardous substitute
materials are available
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
b. Engineering Controls – Guidance in designing and evaluating engineering
controls
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
c. Administrative Controls – Guidance in designing, evaluating and
implementing administrative controls
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
d. Personal Protective Equipment – Guidance in implementing an effective
PPE program
i. (list citations for informational items here, including review
papers)
ii. …
4. Outputs
a. Educational program
b. Recommendations for controlling exposures and maintaining control
|
