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3 - beta,20 - alpha - Yohimban - 16 - beta - carboxylic acid, 18 - beta - hydroxy - 11,17 - alpha - dimethoxy - , methyl ester, 3,4,5 - trimethoxybenzoate (ester)

RTECS #: ZG0350000

CAS #: 50-55-5

UPDATE: February 2009 MW: 608.75 MF: C33H40N2O9


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  9. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  10. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 3,4,5 - Trimethoxybenzoyl methyl reserpate
  2. Anquil
  3. Apoplon
  4. Banasil
  5. Bioserpine
  6. Crystoserpine
  7. Deserpine
  8. Diutensen - R
  9. ENT 50146
  10. Elserpine
  11. Escaspere
  12. Eserpine
  13. Eskaserp
  14. Gilucard
  15. Hiposerpil
  16. Kitine
  17. Klimanosid
  18. Lemiserp
  19. Loweserp
  20. Mayserpine
  21. Methylreserpate 3,4,5 - trimethoxybenzoic acid
  22. NCI - C50157
  23. Naquival
  24. Quiescin
  25. RCRA waste number U200
  26. Rau - Sed
  27. Raucap
  28. Raulen
  29. Raupasil
  30. Raupoid
  31. Raurine
  32. Rausan
  33. Rausedan
  34. Rausedil
  35. Rausedyl
  36. Rauserpol
  37. Rausingle
  38. Recipin
  39. Resaltex
  40. Rese - Lar
  41. Resedrex
  42. Resedril
  43. Reser - AR
  44. Reserbal
  45. Resercaps
  46. Resercen
  47. Reserfia
  48. Reserjen
  49. Reserlor
  50. Reserp
  51. Reserpal
  52. Reserpamed
  53. Reserpanca
  54. Reserpene
  55. Reserpex
  56. Reserpidefe
  1. Reserpil
  2. Reserpine
  3. Reserpoid
  4. Reserpur
  5. Resersana
  6. Reserutin
  7. Resiatric
  8. Residine
  9. Resocalm
  10. Resomine
  11. Resperin
  12. Resperine
  13. Respital
  14. Restran
  15. Rezerpin
  16. Riserpa
  17. Rivased
  18. Rivasin
  19. Rolserp
  20. Salupres
  21. Salutensin
  22. Sandril
  23. Sedaraupin
  24. Sedserp
  25. Seominal
  26. Serfin
  27. Serfolia
  28. Serp - AFD
  29. Serpaloid
  30. Serpanray
  31. Serpasil
  32. Serpasil premix
  33. Serpasol
  34. Serpate
  35. Serpatone
  36. Serpazil
  37. Serpazol
  38. Serpedin
  39. Serpen
  40. Serpentina
  41. Serpiloid
  42. Serpine (pharmaceutical)
  43. Serpivite
  44. Serplex K
  45. Serpogen
  46. Serpoid
  47. Serpone
  48. Serpresan
  49. Serpyrit
  50. Sertabs
  51. Sertina
  52. Temposerpine
  53. Triserpin
  54. USAF CB - 27
  55. Vio - Serpine


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
mouse 		30 mg/kg/48 hour PCJOAU 12,298,1978
dominant lethal test intraperitoneal
mouse 		200 µg/kg KHFZAN 12(3),19,1978
DNA adduct Escherichia coli 20 µmol/L MUREAV 89,95,1981
unscheduled DNA synthesis Salmonella typhimurium 1 µg ECEBDI 50,271,1982
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 100 mg/L/2 hour (+enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 44,329,2004
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		2 mg/kg BPBSDA 2,52,1979
morphological transform hamster embryo 4 mg/L CRNGDP 15,11,1994
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 1 mg/L/21 day (-enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 35,300,2000
morphological transform rat embryo 2,200 ng/plate JJATDK 1,190,1981
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 2 mg/L EMMUEG 13,133,1989
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction intraperitoneal
hamster 		4 ng/kg MUREAV 327,237,1995


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 800 µg/kg (9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		PSEBAA 118,857,1965
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 800 µg/kg (9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Other effects on female

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		PSEBAA 118,857,1965
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg (9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system PSEBAA 118,857,1965
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 µg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system PSEBAA 118,857,1965
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (1 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility JRPFA4 13,345,1967
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (2 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes TJXMAH 23,1,1976
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 700 µg/kg (8-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		PEDIAU 27,318,1961
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 µg/kg (19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		NISFAY 30,161,1978
intravenous
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 µg/kg (39 week pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects 		AJDCAI 90,286,1955
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 32 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Other effects on male NYKZAU 80,239,1982
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 µg/kg (7-12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system KSRNAM 4,2937,1970
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 11,130 µg/kg (21 day male) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) NATUAS 200,585,1963
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 17,500 mg/kg (3-9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) PSEBAA 100,555,1959
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg (60 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders CRSBAW 156,587,1962
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 21,217 µg/kg (30 week prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) CRSBAW 156,587,1962
parenteral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 µg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility FESTAS 12,346,1961
parenteral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,200 µg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina FESTAS 12,346,1961
parenteral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 9 mg/kg (1-9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) 15QWAW -,290,1965
subcutaneous
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 170 µg/kg (35-68 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) 		AJOGAH 92,711,1965
subcutaneous
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 340 µg/kg (35-68 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic 		AJOGAH 92,711,1965
subcutaneous
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg (14 week prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders SCIEAS 124,726,1956
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 120 µg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility JOENAK 35,161,1966
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders ENDOAO 65,563,1959
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,250 µg/kg (5 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		JRPFA4 28,177,1972
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 µg/kg (11-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral EXNEAC 6,263,1962
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg (12-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical 		FAATDF 13,652,1989
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 µg/kg (12-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical 		NETEEC 11,515,1989
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (12-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes PRGLBA 9,75,1975
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 µg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility ENDOAO 78,225,1966
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg (16-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic 		TJADAB 27,35A,1983
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,600 µg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility AJOGAH 83,1405,1962
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,750 µg/kg (15 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) 		ANENAG 23,281,1962
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death AKGIAO 43(12),10,1967
unreported route
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,800 µg/kg (32-39 week pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth AGPSA3 2,606,1960


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 433 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NCITR* NCI-TR-193,1980
oral
mouse 		toxic dose : 1,120 mg/kg/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		VOONAW 32(7),76,1986
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 54 mg/kg/77 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease 		COREAF 254,1535,1962
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 216 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Adrenal cortex tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		NCITR* NCI-TR-193,1980
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 340 mg/kg/3 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		VOONAW 32(7),76,1986
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 456 µg/kg/1 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		LANCAO 2,672,1974
oral
woman 		toxic dose : 73 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		LANCAO 2,672,1974
oral
woman 		toxic dose : 24 mg/kg/13 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Brain and Coverings: Tumors 		LANCAO 2,672,1974
oral
woman 		toxic dose : 16 mg/kg/3 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		LANCAO 2,672,1974
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		VOONAW 32(7),76,1986
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 132 mg/kg/2.5 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		VOONAW 32(7),76,1986


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5 mg/kg N/R EJMCA5 10,519,1975
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease JPETAB 298,581,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Eye: Ptosis

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		FATOAO 44,275,1981
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg Eye: Ptosis FATOAO 48,10,1985
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum JPETAB 293,336,2000
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		ETPAEK 59,187,2007
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 44 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS AIPTAK 110,20,1957
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease FATOAO 44,270,1981
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning 		EKFAE9 56,9,1993
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Catecholamine levels in CNS EKFAE9 58,14,1995
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.25 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach EJPHAZ 488,219,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) JPETAB 309,921,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests ACPSI* 25,293,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes ACPSI* 25,293,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum TXCYAC 236,42,2007
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition BMCPH* 4,30,2004
intraperitoneal
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease JDGRAX 6(3),19,1974
intravenous
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 µg/kg N/R 27ZIAQ -,234,1973
intravenous
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 16 mg/kg N/R ARZNAD 23,600,1973
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 21 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea 		ARZNAD 14,1040,1964
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15 mg/kg N/R 27ZQAG -,111,1972
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting EJPHAZ 421,181,2001
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 µg/kg Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section BMCPH* 4,30,2004
intravenous
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15 mg/kg N/R 27ZQAG -,111,1972
oral
wild bird 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 21,315,1972
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): >50 mg/kg N/R NIIRDN -,1453,1995
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 420 mg/kg Behavioral: Antipsychotic PSSCBG 11,555,1980
subcutaneous
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 65 mg/kg N/R AIPTAK 137,375,1962
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,610 µg/kg N/R NIIRDN -,1453,1995
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease JPETAB 298,1142,2001
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		JOPSEQ 18,404,2004
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) BJPCBM 150,711,2007
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia FCLPH* 19,240,2005
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg N/R NYKZAU 56,377,1960
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Cardiac: Changes in coronary arteries NNAPBA 367,266,2003
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) EJPHAZ 497,187,2004
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy) 		EJPHAZ 545,134,2006
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase FATOBP 159,23,1986
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach FATOAO 51,64,1988


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach FATOAO 49,81,1986
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10.5 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Vascular: Other changes

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea 		BJPCBM 142,647,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10.5 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in spleen

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Catecholamine levels in sympathetic nerves 		BJPCBM 142,647,2004
oral
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.5 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Endocrine: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		FATOAO 55,33,1992
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 163.8 mg/kg/39 week- continuous Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands TOPADD 32,192,2004
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 163.8 mg/kg/39 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight 		TOPADD 32,192,2004
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 331.968 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight

Cardiac: Changes in heart weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		JTPAE7 17,95,2004
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 384.384 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight 		JTPAE7 17,95,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 945 mg/kg/75 week- continuous Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TOLED5 1,201,1978
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.4 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Endocrine: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		FATOAO 55,33,1992
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 54 mg/kg/9 week- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field AIPTAK 124,237,1960
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.4 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins JRPFA4 28,167,1972
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 µg/kg/5 day- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands JRPFA4 28,167,1972
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.4 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JTSCDR 25,79,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.8 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field JTSCDR 25,79,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.35 mg/kg/1 week- intermittent Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) JTSCDR 25,87,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.1 mg/kg/11 day- intermittent Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JTSCDR 25,87,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.8 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JTSCDR 25,87,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.6 mg/kg/16 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field JTSCDR 25,87,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg/19 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning 		PSCHDL 161,347,2002
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Ataxia

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases 		PHMCAA 70,59,2004


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 24,211,1980
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 24,211,1980
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMSUDL 7,330,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLPTAT 5,480,1964
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ADVPA3 4,263,1966
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTSCDR 25,1,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 612,115,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JOPSEQ 20,194,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 627,78,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,661,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PSBUL* 37,64,2003


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
N/R N/R N/R


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 84711;
Number of Industries 1;
Total Number of Facilities 68;
Number of Occupations 6;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 2,770
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 84711;
Number of Industries 2;
Total Number of Facilities 142;
Number of Occupations 10;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 5,611;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 2,414


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Aspergillus-aneuploidy
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a drug for hypertension, depression and sedation
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed);clear evidence:mouse,rat NCITR* NCI-TR-193,1980
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen


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Used as a drug for hypertension, depression and sedation

FDA-proprietary drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Natural Product

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