![]() |
|||
|
|
|
|
| UPDATE: May 2007 | MW: 515.92 | MF: C18H26ClN3•2H3O4P |
SYNONYMS:
|
|
| |
SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
N/R |
N/R
|
N/R
|
N/R
|
| |||
MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
SYSTEM TEST
|
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM/ TISSUE
DOSE
|
REFERENCE
|
DNA repair
|
Escherichia coli
|
2,223 µg/disc
|
MUREAV 188,111,1987
|
mutation in microorganisms
|
Escherichia coli
|
200 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)
|
MUREAV 192,233,1987
|
mutation in microorganisms
|
Salmonella typhimurium
|
250 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)
|
MUREAV 192,233,1987
|
mutation in microorganisms
|
Salmonella typhimurium
|
5 mg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)
|
CBTOE2 2,379,1986
|
sister chromatid exchange
|
hamster
lung
|
100 µg/L
|
CBTOE2 2,379,1986
|
sister chromatid exchange
|
rat
liver
|
100 µg/L
|
CBTOE2 2,379,1986
|
| |||
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg (20-21 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical
AJMSDC 22,61,1993
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 1,200 mg/kg (5-16 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
|
RCOCB8 7,701,1974
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 550 mg/kg (9 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear
|
RPTOAN 30,114,1967
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg (9 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
|
RPTOAN 30,114,1967
|
subcutaneous | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 475 mg/kg (10-14 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical
|
VAAZA2 39,59,1982
|
| |||
TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
N/R |
N/R
|
N/R
|
N/R
|
| |||
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
intramuscular | rabbit
lowest published toxic dose: 12.5 mg/kg
|
Blood: Change in clotting factors
|
FATOAO 48,77,1985
|
intraperitoneal | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 68 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
|
85GLAQ 1,389,1946
|
intravenous | domestic bird
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 64,500 µg/kg
|
N/R
|
ARZNAD 20,1775,1970
|
intravenous | dog
lowest published lethal dose: 8 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
|
85GLAQ 1,390,1946
|
intravenous | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 121.2 µg/kg/1 hour
|
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes
JPETAB 306,478,2003
|
intravenous | rabbit
lowest published toxic dose: 12.5 mg/kg
|
Blood: Change in clotting factors
|
FATOAO 48,77,1985
|
oral | child
lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Coma
|
ATXKA8 23,204,1968
|
oral | man
lowest published toxic dose: 8,571 µg/kg
|
Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | Gastrointestinal: Other changes
HUTODJ 8,387,1989
|
oral | man
lowest published toxic dose: 8,571 µg/kg
|
Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from duodeum | Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Gastrointestinal: Other changes
HUTODJ 8,387,1989
|
oral | man
lowest published lethal dose: 179 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
ATXKA8 23,204,1968
|
oral | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
TMPRAD 30,308,1979
|
oral | rat
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 623 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
EVHPAZ 106(Suppl 2),497,1998
|
oral | woman
lowest published lethal dose: 298 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Coma | Cardiac: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
JFSCAS 41,1077,1996
|
oral | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 138 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Coma | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
JJTOEX 12,159,1999
|
oral | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/17 week- intermittent
|
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change | Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)
PGMJAO 55,569,1979
|
oral | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 167 mg/kg
|
Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression
JTCTDW 19,1067,1982/1983
|
subcutaneous | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
ATMPA2 74,393,1980
|
subcutaneous | mouse
lowest published toxic dose: 5.9 mg/kg
|
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Paresthesia
|
EJPHAZ 502,233,2004
|
skin | mouse
lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg
|
Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response
|
FATOAO 47,84,1984
|
skin | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg
|
Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
|
FATOAO 47,84,1984
|
| |||
OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
intramuscular | rabbit
lowest published toxic dose: 62.5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent
|
Blood: Change in clotting factors
|
FATOAO 48,77,1985
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/21 day- intermittent
|
Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
MSCREJ 19,777,1991
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent
|
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
|
EKFAE9 60,50,1997
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/1 week- intermittent
|
Endocrine: Other changes
|
EKFAE9 60,50,1997
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent
|
Liver: Other changes | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function
DCTODJ 27,41,2004
|
ocular | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 72 µg/kg/12 day- intermittent
|
Eye: Corneal damage
|
ARZNAD 33,827,1983
|
oral | dog
lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent
|
Behavioral: Tremor | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
85GLAQ 1,390,1946
|
oral | monkey
lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg/10 day- intermittent
|
Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
85GLAQ 1,390,1946
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 8,820 mg/kg/21 week- continuous
|
Cardiac: Other changes | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
85GLAQ 1,389,1946
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 875 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent
|
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change | Behavioral: Ataxia Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
TOXID9 42,55,1998
|
oral | rabbit
lowest published toxic dose: 87.5 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent
|
Blood: Change in clotting factors
|
FATOAO 48,77,1985
|
oral | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent
|
Behavioral: Toxic psychosis | Behavioral: Headache
APHRER 39,551,2005
|
oral | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 65.57 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent
|
Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase
INJPD2 36,101,2004
|
subcutaneous | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent
|
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases
TOLED5 10,145,1982
|
skin | mouse
lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent
|
Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
|
FATOAO 47,84,1984
|
| |||
REVIEWS:
ORGANIZATION
|
STANDARD
|
|
REFERENCE
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
|
|
INTEAG 15,7,1974
|
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
|
|
ARPTDI 43,441,2003
|
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
|
|
MUREAV 578,88,2005
|
| ||
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
ORGANIZATION
|
STANDARD
|
|
REFERENCE
N/R
|
N/R
|
N/R
|
| ||
NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
ORGANIZATION
|
STANDARD or SURVEY
|
|
REFERENCE
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983
|
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: X4486 |
Number of Industries 2; Total Number of Facilities 40; Number of Occupations 3; Total Number of Employees Exposed 644; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 238 | |||
STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
ORGANIZATION
|
|
REFERENCE
N/R
|
| ||
REFERENCES:
CODEN
|
|
REFERENCE
85GLAQ
|
"A Survey of Antimalarial Drugs, 1941-1945," Wiselogle, F.Y., 2 vols., Ann Arbor, MI, J.W.
Edwards, 1946
|
AJMSDC
|
African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. (Blackwell Scientific Publications, 238
Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142) V.5- 1976-
|
APHRER
|
Annals of Pharmacotherpy. (Harvey Whitney Books Co., POB 42696, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V. 26-
1992-
|
ARPTDI
|
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. (Annual Reviews, Inc., POB 10139, Palo Alto, CA
94303) V.16- 1976-
|
ARZNAD
|
Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960
Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
|
ATMPA2
|
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. (Grune & Stratton, Inc., POB 6280, Duluth, MN
55806) V.1- 1907-
|
ATXKA8
|
Archiv fuer Toxikologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.15-31, 1954-74. For publisher
information, see ARTODN.
|
CBTOE2
|
Cell Biology and Toxicology. (Princeton Scientific Pub., Inc., 301 N. Harrison St., CN 5279,
Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 1984-
|
DCTODJ
|
Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1-
1977/78-
|
EJPHAZ
|
European Journal of Pharmacology. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam,
Netherlands) V.1- 1967-
|
EKFAE9
|
Eksperimental'naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology.
(Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, ul. B. Yakimanka, 39, 117049 Moscow, Russia) V.55- 1992-
|
EVHPAZ
|
EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents,
Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
|
FATOAO
|
Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939-
|
HUTODJ
|
Human Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants., RG 21 2XS, UK) V.1-
1981-
|
INJPD2
|
Indian Journal of Pharmacology. (Dept. of Pharmacology, Baranas Hindu Univ., Varanasi 221
005, India) V.1- 1968(?)-
|
INTEAG
|
Internist. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094)
V.1- 1960-
|
JFSCAS
|
Journal of Forensic Sciences. (American Soc. for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St.,
Philadelphia, PA 19103) V.1- 1956-
|
JJTOEX
|
Japanese Journal of Toxicology. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Hokushin Bldg., 2-36 Jinbo-cho, Kanda,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101, Japan) V.1- 1988-
|
JPETAB
|
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E.
Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
|
JTCTDW
|
Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY
10016) V.19- 1982-
|
MSCREJ
|
Medical Science Research. (Elsevier Applied Science Pub. Ltd., Crown House, Linton Rd.,
Barking, Essex IG11 8JU, UK) V.15- 1987-
|
MUREAV
|
Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-
1964-
|
PGMJAO
|
Postgraduate Medical Journal. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1-
1925-
|
RCOCB8
|
Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology. (PJD Pub. Ltd., P.O. Box 966,
Westbury, NY 11590) V.1- 1970-
|
RPTOAN
|
Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology (English Translation). Translation of FATOAO. (Euromed
Pub., 33, Woodlands Rd., Surbiton, Surrey, UK) V.30- 1967-
|
TMPRAD
|
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie. (Georg Thieme Verlag, Postfach 732, D-7000 Stuttgart 1, Fed.
Rep. Ger.) V.25- 1974-
|
TOLED5
|
Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands)
V.1- 1977-
|
TOXID9
|
Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1-
1981-
|
VAAZA2
|
Virchows Archiv, Abteilung B: Cell Pathology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000
Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1968-
|
| |