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| UPDATE: February 2009 | MW: 295.84 | MF: C16H21NO2•ClH |
SYNONYMS:
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SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
N/R |
N/R
|
N/R
|
N/R
|
| |||
MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
SYSTEM TEST
|
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM/ TISSUE
DOSE
|
REFERENCE
|
N/R
|
N/R
|
N/R
|
N/R
|
| |||
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
implant | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 130 mg/kg (7-19 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system
JPETAB 252,42,1990
|
intravenous | rabbit
lowest published toxic dose: 10,500 µg/kg (7 day prior to copulation)
|
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility
CCPTAY 12,53,1975
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg (8-18 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)
|
PSCHDL 79,148,1983
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg (18-22 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
|
PSCHDL 79,148,1983
|
oral | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 48 mg/kg (25-34 week pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic
JOPDAB 91,808,1977
|
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TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
N/R |
N/R
|
N/R
|
N/R
|
| |||
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
intracerebral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 21.3 µg/kg
|
Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning
|
PSCHDL 170,102,2003
|
intraperitoneal | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
JDGRAX 16,171,1985
|
intraperitoneal | mouse
lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg
|
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
|
TXAPA9 190,262,2003
|
intraperitoneal | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 138 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation
TOVEFN 2,43,1993
|
intraperitoneal | mouse
lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Analgesia
|
PHREP* 58,680,2006
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 76 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Muscle weakness | Behavioral: Irritability Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
ARZNAD 26,506,1976
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg
|
Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea
|
BIPBU* 24,995,2001
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg
|
Cardiac: Other changes
|
FATOAO 50,41,1987
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg
|
Cardiac: Other changes | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
FATOAO 52,37,1989
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)
|
PSCHDL 169,176,2003
|
intravenous | dog
lowest published lethal dose: 22,811 µg/kg
|
Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)
|
JPPMAB 21,488,1969
|
intravenous | guinea pig
lowest published lethal dose: 28,100 µg/kg
|
N/R
|
FRPPAO 35,49,1980
|
intravenous | guinea pig
lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg
|
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi
|
EJPHAZ 437,91,2002
|
intravenous | human
lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 mg/kg
|
Cardiac: Change in rate | Cardiac: Cardiac output
FATOAO 44,71,1981
|
intravenous | man
lowest published toxic dose: 29 µg/kg/5 minute- intermittent
|
Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP | Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section
AEMED3 14,1112,1985
|
intravenous | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 18 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
ARZNAD 27,1022,1977
|
intravenous | rat
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 21 mg/kg
|
Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
YACHDS 12(Suppl 6),969,1984
|
intravenous | rat
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 40 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
FATOAO 49,47,1986
|
intravenous | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 µg/kg
|
Cardiac: Change in rate | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
BJPCBM 145,567,2005
|
intravenous | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 µg/kg
|
Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
|
BJPCBM 145,567,2005
|
intravenous | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg
|
Cardiac: Change in rate | Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
PHMCAA 74,1,2005
|
intravenous | rabbit
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 12,500 µg/kg
|
N/R
|
ARZNAD 27,1022,1977
|
intravenous | woman
lowest published lethal dose: 40 µg/kg
|
Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema
AIMDAP 144,173,1984
|
oral | cat
lethal dose : >50 mg/kg
|
Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | Behavioral: Food intake (animal)
APTOA6 26,343,1968
|
oral | man
lowest published lethal dose: 34 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
DICPBB 22,781,1988
|
oral | man
lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/1 week- intermittent
|
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
DICPBB 16,776,1982
|
oral | man
lowest published toxic dose: 857 µg/kg/3 day- intermittent
|
Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other
|
ARDEAC 121,1326,1985
|
oral | man
lowest published toxic dose: 43 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis
SAMJAF 67,1062,1985
|
oral | man
lowest published toxic dose: 417 mg/kg/1 year- intermittent
|
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchiolar constriction, including asthma
|
PRACAK 229,663,1985
|
oral | man
lowest published toxic dose: 1.14 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Headache | Cardiac: Change in rate Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
EKFAE9 57,38,1994
|
oral | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 320 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
OYYAA2 2,70,1968
|
oral | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 231 mg/kg
|
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
TOVEFN 2,43,1993
|
oral | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 331 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation
TOVEFN 2,43,1993
|
oral | rat
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 466 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
ARZNAD 35,1236,1985
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg
|
Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
|
EJPHAZ 498,219,2004
|
oral | rat
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 449 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation
TOVEFN 2,43,1993
|
oral | rabbit
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 600 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
NIIRDN 6,733,1982
|
oral | woman
lowest published lethal dose: 64 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: General anesthetic | Behavioral: Coma Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above
AMSVAZ 210,137,1981
|
oral | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 8,400 µg/kg/7 day- intermittent
|
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve | Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral: Toxic psychosis
CTOXAO 4,357,1971
|
oral | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | Behavioral: Coma Cardiac: Other changes
AEMED3 16,1381,1987
|
oral | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 77 mg/kg
|
Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
AEMED3 14,161,1985
|
oral | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 22 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent
|
Brain and Coverings: Encephalitis | Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
JCGADC 8,74,1986
|
subcutaneous | monkey
lowest published toxic dose: 0.32 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests
|
JPETAB 301,1103,2002
|
subcutaneous | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 208 mg/kg
|
Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
YACHDS 12(Suppl 6),969,1984
|
subcutaneous | rat
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 115 mg/kg
|
Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
YACHDS 12(Suppl 6),969,1984
|
subcutaneous | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg
|
Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
|
NEROEW 23,162,2000
|
subcutaneous | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests
PSCHDL 177,438,2005
|
unreported route | cat
lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg
|
Cardiac: Change in rate | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow
EKFAE9 58,23,1995
|
unreported route | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg
|
Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina
|
FATOAO 53,50,1990
|
| |||
OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
oral | monkey
lowest published toxic dose: 285.6 mg/kg/3 week- intermittent
|
Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)
|
PBBHAU 42,465,1992
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 16,100 mg/kg/23 week- continuous
|
Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
JIMRBV 19,296,1991
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 0.6 mg/kg/30 day- intermittent
|
Blood: Other changes
|
TOVEFN 2,43,1993
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/6 week- intermittent
|
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
|
TOVEFN 2,43,1993
|
unreported route | man
lowest published toxic dose: 9.15 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent
|
Cardiac: Change in rate | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
FATOAO 49,74,1986
|
unreported route | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 12.85 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent
|
Cardiac: Change in rate | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
FATOAO 49,74,1986
|
| |||
REVIEWS:
ORGANIZATION
|
STANDARD
|
|
REFERENCE
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
|
|
ENTOX* -,267,2005
|
| ||
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
ORGANIZATION
|
STANDARD
|
|
REFERENCE
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA
|
short term exposure limit 0.2 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003
|
| |||
NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
ORGANIZATION
|
STANDARD or SURVEY
|
|
REFERENCE
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983
|
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: X4182 |
Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 146; Number of Occupations 7; Total Number of Employees Exposed 3,627; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 2,653 | |||
STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
ORGANIZATION
|
|
REFERENCE
N/R
|
| ||
REFERENCES:
CODEN
|
|
REFERENCE
AEMED3
|
Annals of Emergency Medicine. (American College of Emergency Physicians, 1125 Executive
Circle, Irving, TX 75038)
|
AIMDAP
|
Archives of Internal Medicine. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1908-
|
AMSVAZ
|
Acta Medica Scandinavica. (Almqvist & Wiksell, POB 45150, S-10430 Stockholm, Sweden)
V.52-224, 1919-88.
|
APTOA6
|
Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59, 1945-86. For publisher
information, see PHTOEH
|
ARDEAC
|
Archives of Dermatology. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.82- 1960-
|
ARZNAD
|
Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960
Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
|
BIPBU*
|
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. (Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2-12-15, Shibuya,
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0002, Japan) V.1- 1993-
|
BJPCBM
|
British Journal of Pharmacology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21
2XS, UK) V.34- 1968-
|
CCPTAY
|
Contraception. (Geron-X, Inc., POB 1108, Los Altos, CA 94022) V.1- 1970-
|
CTOXAO
|
Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW.
|
DICPBB
|
Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. (POB 42435, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V.3- 1969-
|
EJPHAZ
|
European Journal of Pharmacology. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam,
Netherlands) V.1- 1967-
|
EKFAE9
|
Eksperimental'naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology.
(Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, ul. B. Yakimanka, 39, 117049 Moscow, Russia) V.55- 1992-
|
ENTOX*
|
Encyclopedia of Toxicology: Reference Book, Elsevier, 2005
|
FATOAO
|
Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939-
|
FRPPAO
|
Farmaco, Edizione Pratica. (Casella Postale 227, 27100 Pavia, Italy) V.8-43 1953-88 For
publisher information, see FRMCE8
|
JCGADC
|
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY
10036)
|
JDGRAX
|
Journal of Drug Research. (National Organization for Drug Research and Control, POB 29,
Cairo, Egypt) V.2- 1969-
|
JIMRBV
|
Journal of International Medical Research. (Cambridge Medical Pub. Ltd., 435/437
Wellingborough Rd., Northampton, NN1 4EZ, UK) V.1- 1972-
|
JOPDAB
|
Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141)
V.1- 1932-
|
JPETAB
|
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E.
Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
|
JPPMAB
|
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. (Pharmaceutical Soc. of Great Britain, 1 Lambeth High
St., London SEI 7JN, UK) V.1- 1949-
|
NEROEW
|
Neuropsychopharmacology. (Elsevier Science, 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010)
V.1- 1987-
|
NIIRDN
|
Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)
|
OYYAA2
|
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1-
1967-
|
PBBHAU
|
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. (ANKHO International Inc., P.O. Box 426,
Fayetteville, NY 13066) V.1- 1973-
|
PHMCAA
|
Pharmacologist. (American Soc. for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 9650 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, MD 20014) V.1- 1959-
|
PHREP*
|
|
PRACAK
|
Practitioner. (Morgan-Grampian Ltd., 40 Beresford St., Woolwich, London SE18 6BQ, UK) V.1-
1868-
|
PSCHDL
|
Psychopharmacology (Berlin). (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way,
Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.47- 1976-
|
SAMJAF
|
South African Medical Journal. (Medical Assoc. of South Africa, Secy., P.O. Box 643, Cape
Town, S. Africa) V.6- 1932-
|
TOVEFN
|
Toksikologicheskii Vestnik. (18-20 Vadkovskii per. Moscow, 101479, Russia) History Unknown
|
TXAPA9
|
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802)
V.1- 1959-
|
YACHDS
|
Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu,
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972-
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