CDC logo, Safer Healthier People CDC HomeCDC SearchCDC Health Topics A-Z
NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Search NIOSH  |  NIOSH Home  |  NIOSH Topics  |  Site Index  |  Databases and Information Resources  |  NIOSH Products  |  Contact Us




Platinum (II) , diamminedichloro - , cis -

RTECS #: TP2450000

CAS #: 15663-27-1

UPDATE: May 2009 MW: 300.07 MF: Cl2H6N2Pt


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Biocisplatinum
  2. Briplatin
  3. CDDP
  4. CPDD
  5. Cis - diamminedichloroplatinum (II)
  6. Cis - platinum
  7. CisPt
  8. Cisplatin
  9. Cisplatino (Spanish)
  10. Cisplatyl
  11. Diamminedichloroplatinum
  12. NCI - C55776
  13. NK 801
  14. NSC - 119875
  15. Neoplatin
  16. Peyrone's chloride
  17. Platiblastin
  18. Platidiam
  19. Platidiam Lachema BRNO
  1. Platinol
  2. Platinum, diamminedichloro - , (SP - 4 - 2) - (9CI)
  3. TR 170
  4. cis - DDP
  5. cis - Diaminedichloroplatinum
  6. cis - Diaminodichloroplatinum (II)
  7. cis - Diamminedichloroplatinum
  8. cis - Diamminedichloroplatinum (II)
  9. cis - Dichlorodiammine platinum (II)
  10. cis - Dichlorodiammineplatinum
  11. cis - Dichlorodiamminoplatinum (II)
  12. cis - Platinous diaminodichloride
  13. cis - Platinous diammine dichloride
  14. cis - Platinum
  15. cis - Platinum (II)
  16. cis - Platinum (II) diamminedichloride
  17. cis - Platin
  18. cisPt (II)


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
body fluid assay human
Salmonella typhimurium 		24 mg/kg CALEDQ 18,329,1983
body fluid assay human 1.29 mg/kg CALEDQ 18,329,1983
body fluid assay mouse
Salmonella typhimurium 		2,500 µg/kg NEOLA4 32,307,1985
body fluid assay mouse
Escherichia coli 		6 mg/kg EMMUEG 40,283,2002
body fluid assay rat
Salmonella typhimurium 		40 mg/kg HIKYAJ 26,813,1980
body fluid assay rat 5 mg/kg CALEDQ 18,329,1983
cytogenetic analysis parenteral
Drosophila melanogaster 		200 µmol/L ENMUDM 5,285,1983
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 680 nmol/L ZYYZEW 5,217,1991
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 5 mg/L CBINA8 35,189,1981
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 2 mg/L/2 hour FCTOD7 45,928,2007
cytogenetic analysis human other cell types 10 µmol/L REXMAS 189,409,1989
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 2.5 µmol/L/22 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 558,93,2004
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 1 µmol/L/24 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 558,93,2004
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 0.5 mg/L/24 hour MUREAV 585,113,2005
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
mouse 		500 µg/kg MUREAV 211,131,1989
cytogenetic analysis mouse other cell types 8 mg/kg IJEBA6 14,383,1976
cytogenetic analysis mouse leukocyte 5 mg/L VAAZA2 27,79,1978
cytogenetic analysis mouse other cell types 2 mg/L IJEBA6 14,383,1976
cytogenetic analysis intravenous
mouse 		1,300 µg/kg IYKEDH 22,821,1991
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
rat 		650 µg/kg/5 day TXCYAC 17,57,1980
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
rat 		5 mg/kg FCTOD7 44,1334,2006
dominant lethal test intraperitoneal
mouse 		2,500 µg/kg MUREAV 230,205,1990
DNA adduct hamster ovary 50 µmol/L MUREAV 346,221,1995
DNA adduct hamster other cell types 1 mmol/L BJCSB5 3,68,1978
DNA adduct human other cell types 0.1 mmol/L/1 hour MOPMA3 58,920,2000
DNA adduct human other cell types 0.4 mmol/L/2 hour MOPMA3 57,529,2000
DNA adduct human embryo 16.5 µmol/L/4 hour BCPCA6 63,1989,2002
DNA adduct human lung 16.5 µmol/L/4 hour BCPCA6 63,1989,2002
DNA adduct human other cell types 3.3 µmol/L/4 hour BCPCA6 63,1989,2002
DNA adduct human embryo 50 µmol/L/1 hour EJCAAH 39,112,2003
DNA adduct human liver 12.5 µmol/L/24 hour MUREAV 577S,1,2005
DNA adduct mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte 100 µmol/L CBINA8 10,27,1975
DNA adduct intraperitoneal
mouse 		6 mg/kg TOXID9 44,143,2005
DNA adduct mouse other cell types 2.5 µmol/L/24 hour JMCMAR 49,4665,2006
DNA adduct mouse other cell types 3 µmol/l/4 hour MUREAV 549,29,2004
DNA adduct intravenous
rat 		8 mg/kg CNREA8 52,149,1992
DNA adduct intraperitoneal
rat 		5 mg/kg CRNGDP 17,1665,1996
DNA adduct rat sperm 10 mg/L CALEDQ 151,71,2000
DNA adduct multiple
rat 		15 mg/kg REPTED 15,525,2001
DNA adduct salmon sperm 10 mg/L NARHAD 10,5345,1982
DNA damage Escherichia coli 35 mg/L JOBAAY 116,1247,1973
DNA damage hamster lung 11 µmol/L/2 hour MUREAV 67,271,1979
DNA damage hamster ovary 1 µmol/L CNREA8 44,2043,1984
DNA damage human leukocyte 100 µmol/L CNREA8 52,878,1992
DNA damage human ovary 20 µmol/L CNREA8 51,5181,1991
DNA damage human ovary 40 µmol/L IJCNAW 41,809,1988
DNA damage human lymphocyte 12 µmol/L CNREA8 42,897,1982
DNA damage human HeLa cell 5 µmol/L BCPCA6 23,1345,1974
DNA damage human lung 10 µmol/L CNREA8 41,3347,1981
DNA damage human fibroblast 10 µmol/L CNREA8 41,3347,1981
DNA damage human mammary gland 20 mg/L/2 hour MOCAT* 1,1067,2002
DNA damage human other cell types 100 µmol/L/4 hour MOCAT* 2,371,2003
DNA damage human ovary 100 µmol/L/3 hour CBINA8 140,215,2002
DNA damage human embryo 1 µmol/L/20 hour CBINA8 147,309,2004
DNA damage human lymphocyte 1 µmol/L/1 hour DCTODJ 28,231,2005
DNA damage human kidney 40 µmol/L TOXID9 66,179,2002
DNA damage human mammary gland 1.6 mg/L/24 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 588,47,2005
DNA damage human fibroblast 12.5 µmol/L MUREAV 577S,1,2005
DNA damage human lymphocyte 10 µmol/L/12 hour MUREAV 604,28,2006
DNA damage human lymphocyte 1.0 mg/L/48 hour MUREAV 607,160,2006
DNA damage human other cell types 10 µmol/L MUREAV 563,61,2004
DNA damage mouse leukocyte 4 mg/L CBINA8 39,169,1982
DNA damage intravenous
mouse 		20 mg/kg INNDDK 8,17,1990
DNA damage mouse other cell types 0.3 mmol/L/1 hour TCMUD8 23,1,2003
DNA damage intraperitoneal
mouse 		5 mg/kg HETOEA 25,79,2006
DNA damage other microorganisms 250 mg/L CNREA8 40,3313,1980
DNA damage other microorganisms 1 mmol/L NATUAS 251,736,1974
DNA damage other microorganisms 60 nmol/L CNREA8 41,4127,1981
DNA damage other microorganisms 1 mmol/L CBINA8 32,321,1980
DNA damage intraperitoneal
rat 		3,500 µg/kg CNREA8 41,4127,1981
DNA damage rat other cell types 10 µmol/L IJCNAW 42,382,1988
DNA damage rat kidney 10 µmol/L TOXID9 66,179,2002
DNA damage oral
rat 		5 mg/kg MUREAV 630,28,2007
DNA damage rabbit kidney 0.26 mmol/L/24 hour CYLPDN 21,257,2000
DNA damage Salmonella typhimurium 10 mg/L/20 hour- continuous CNREA8 41,4368,1981
DNA damage Salmonella typhimurium 0.12 pph/120 minute MUREAV 575,34,2005
DNA damage Saccharomyes cerevisiae 500 mg/L/1 hour TXCYAC 212,175,2005
DNA inhibition Escherichia coli 26,600 nmol/L NASSDK 40,521,1981
DNA inhibition hamster lung 30 µmol/L JCHODP 7,349,1976
DNA inhibition hamster ovary 5 mg/L CBINA8 35,189,1981
DNA inhibition human other cell types 10 µmol/L CNREA8 49,5829,1989
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 500 nmol/L JCHODP 7,349,1976
DNA inhibition human lymphocyte 10 mg/L CCROBU 59,665,1975
DNA inhibition human other cell types 5 µmol/L IJCNAW 6,207,1970
DNA inhibition human ovary 5 µmol/L BCPCA6 40,2641,1990
DNA inhibition human other cell types 20 µmol/L BCPCA6 42,357,1991
DNA inhibition mouse other cell types 1 mg/L ICDBEO 22,305,1986
DNA inhibition mouse mammary gland 5 mg/L JJCREP 76,289,1985
DNA inhibition mouse Ascites tumor 100 µmol/L BCPCA6 19,2757,1970
DNA inhibition mouse lymphocyte 50 mg/L JJIND8 69,47,1982
DNA inhibition mouse leukocyte 1 mg/L CNREA8 48,4484,1988
DNA inhibition mouse other cell types 500 µg/L TUMOAB 69,37,1983
DNA inhibition intraperitoneal
rat 		4 mg/kg NEOLA4 30,643,1983
DNA inhibition intravenous
rat 		8,500 µg/kg PHTOEH 70,143,1992
DNA inhibition rat kidney 10 µmol/L PHTOEH 70,143,1992
DNA inhibition rabbit kidney 5 mg/L/24 hour CNREA8 48,2538,1988
DNA repair Bacillus subtilis 1 µg/plate TAKHAA 44,96,1985
DNA repair Escherichia coli 125 ng/plate NULSAK 28,159,1985
DNA repair other microorganisms 1 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) TOXID9 72,227,2003
DNA repair Salmonella typhimurium 0.12 pph/120 minute MUREAV 575,34,2005
unscheduled DNA synthesis human ovary 10 µmol/L CNREA8 48,5713,1988
unscheduled DNA synthesis human other cell types 5 mg/L CNREA8 48,3019,1988
unscheduled DNA synthesis human fibroblast 20 µmol/L CNREA8 44,1809,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis mouse other cell types 1 mg/L NULSAK 29,87,1986
host-mediated assay mouse
Escherichia coli 		10 mg/L MUREAV 164,19,1986
host-mediated assay mouse
Ascites tumor 		18,200 µg/kg BCPCA6 25,1871,1976
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 25 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 50,1,1978
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 4 µg/plate/20 minute MUREAV 492,91,2001
mutation in microorganisms Neurospora crassa 200 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 125,43,1984
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 250 ng/plate (+enzymatic activation step) TAKHAA 44,96,1985
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 300 ng/plate (-enzymatic activation step) AJHPA9 43,344,1986
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1 nmol/plate (-enzymatic activation step) CNREA8 39,913,1979
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 0.1 µmol/plate/72 hour (+/-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 558,93,2004
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 50 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 127,23,1984
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 18.75 mg/L/16 hour MUTAEX 20,105,2004
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 1.3 µmol/l MUREAV 547,123,2004
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 15 mg/L/18 hour (+/-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 653,63,2008
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
hamster 		1 mg/kg NTIS** DE83-770037
micronucleus test hamster lung 680 nmol/L ZYYZEW 5,217,1991
micronucleus test hamster ovary 5 mg/L MUREAV 241,115,1990
micronucleus test hamster ovary 0.5 mg/L/4 hour (+/-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 521,103,2002
micronucleus test hamster ovary 0.5 mg/L/4 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 537,115,2003
micronucleus test hamster ovary 0.75 mg/L/4 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 537,115,2003
micronucleus test hamster ovary 0.1 mg/L/24 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 537,115,2003
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 8,250 nmol/L NEOLA4 34,235,1987
micronucleus test human leukocyte 500 µg/L MUREAV 122,111,1983
micronucleus test human fibroblast 5 µmol/L MUREAV 310,37,1994
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 20 µmol/L/52 hour MUREAV 544,279,2003
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 2.5 µmol/L/48 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 558,93,2004
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 10 µmol/L/24 hour MUREAV 528,61,2003
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		100 µg/kg MUREAV 192,181,1987
micronucleus test mouse other cell types 62,500 ng/L MUREAV 301,223,1993
micronucleus test mouse other cell types 0.2 mg/L/4 hour MUREAV 549,5,2004
micronucleus test mouse other cell types 0.6 µmol/l/4 hour MUREAV 549,29,2004
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 50 mg/L MUREAV 127,23,1984
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster ovary 1 µmol/L MUREAV 45,103,1977
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster lung 2 mg/L/2 hour MUREAV 66,267,1979
morphological transform hamster kidney 1 µmol/L EJCODS 25,27,1989
morphological transform hamster embryo 100 nmol/L IJCNAW 28,71,1981
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 0.1 mg/L/21 day (-enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 35,300,2000
other mutation test systems Bacillus subtilis 15 µmol/L/3 hour- continuous CNREA8 41,4368,1981
other mutation test systems Escherichia coli 3 mg/L MUREAV 171,83,1986
other mutation test systems Escherichia coli 50 µmol/L MUREAV 94,53,1982
other mutation test systems Escherichia coli 250 µmol/L CBINA8 29,327,1980
other mutation test systems hamster ovary 5 mg/L CBINA8 35,189,1981
other mutation test systems human HeLa cell 5 µmol/L BCPCA6 23,1345,1974
other mutation test systems human other cell types 5 µmol/L IJCNAW 6,207,1970
other mutation test systems human lymphocyte 8,250 nmol/L NEOLA4 34,235,1987
other mutation test systems human lymphocyte 10 µmol/L/48 hour MUREAV 604,28,2006
other mutation test systems mouse Ascites tumor 100 µmol/L BCPCA6 19,2757,1970
other mutation test systems intraperitoneal
mouse 		12 mg/kg MUREAV 156,187,1985
other mutation test systems rabbit kidney 5 mg/L/24 hour CNREA8 48,2538,1988
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 1 µg/plate BBRCA9 90,209,1979
sister chromatid exchange hamster other cell types 330 nmol/L CRNGDP 6,1627,1985
sister chromatid exchange hamster lung 1 ng/L/2 hour MUREAV 66,267,1979
sister chromatid exchange hamster embryo 100 nmol/L IJCNAW 28,71,1981
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 200 µg/L CNREA8 43,577,1983
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
hamster 		10 mg/kg NTIS** DE83-770037
sister chromatid exchange human other cell types 50 mg/L CANCAR 61,1741,1988
sister chromatid exchange human other cell types 3,300 nmol/L CNREA8 47,1361,1987
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 250 ng/L/96 hour ARTODN 46,61,1980
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 2 µmol/L/52 hour MUREAV 544,279,2003
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 1 µmol/L/24 hour (+/-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 558,93,2004
sister chromatid exchange mouse other cell types 4 µmol/L CNREA8 45,2025,1985
sister chromatid exchange mouse embryo 100 nmol/L MUREAV 264,225,1991
sister chromatid exchange rat other cell types 1 µmol/L CNREA8 43,3511,1983
sister chromatid exchange intravenous
rabbit 		1,250 µg/kg ENMUDM 3,265,1981
sister chromatid exchange rabbit lymphocyte 100 µg/L ENMUDM 3,265,1981
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction parenteral
Drosophila melanogaster 		830 µmol/L ENMUDM 2,133,1980
specific locus test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		10 µmol/L ENMUDM 8(Suppl 6),40,1986
specific locus test Escherichia coli 50 µmol/L MUREAV 17,13,1973
specific locus test Escherichia coli 20 mg/L/45 minute MUREAV 508,107,2002
specific locus test hamster ovary 5 µmol/L/1 hour EMMUEG 46,104,2005
specific locus test mouse fibroblast 0.5 mg/L/24 hour MUREAV 577S,1,2005
sperm morphology parenteral
Drosophila melanogaster 		200 µmol/L ENMUDM 5,285,1983
sperm morphology intravenous
mouse 		10 mg/kg CNREA8 42,122,1982
sperm morphology intraperitoneal
mouse 		8 mg/kg MUREAV 526,9,2003
heritable translocation test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		40 ppm EMMUEG 23,208,1994


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system TJADAB 29(3),29A,1984
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		EXPEAM 35,647,1979
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,100 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) CNREA8 42,122,1982
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg (13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system 		TJADAB 28,189,1983
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 µg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TXAPA9 69,245,1983
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		MUREAV 564,115,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10.7 mg/kg (9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) ARTODN 78,584,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		CBINA8 164,232,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,500 µg/kg (17-22 day pregnant/20 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) YACHDS 10,703,1982
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,750 µg/kg (7-11 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) 		YACHDS 10,673,1982
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 9 mg/kg (3 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct IJEBA6 34,995,1996
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 µg/kg (6 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system TXAPA9 69,245,1983
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 13 mg/kg (17-22 day pregnant/20 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical 		YACHDS 10,703,1982
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg (3 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TCMUD8 10,417,1990
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system 		REPTED 15,525,2001
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,100 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) CNREA8 42,122,1982
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,125 µg/kg (7-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) 		KSRNAM 15,5782,1981
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 660 µg/kg (7-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		KSRNAM 15,5782,1981
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,650 µg/kg (7-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) 		KSRNAM 15,5782,1981
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,125 µg/kg (7-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical 		KSRNAM 15,5782,1981
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4.5 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 		EKFAE9 61,45,1998
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,625 µg/kg (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		YACHDS 10,695,1982
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system TJADAB 29(3),29A,1984
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg (5 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		ARANDR 24,113,1990
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (5 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		FESTAS 55,156,1991
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (5 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		JOAND3 11,436,1990
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg (multigeneration) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral YSKODB 11,438,1991


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,500 µg/kg (17 day pregnant) Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis 		CNREA8 53,3874,1993
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 16 mg/kg/19 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CNREA8 39,913,1979
intraperitoneal
mouse 		toxic dose : 16,204 µg/kg/10 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CNREA8 41,4368,1981
intraperitoneal
mouse 		toxic dose : 32,408 µg/kg/10 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CNREA8 41,4368,1981
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 16.20 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CRNGDP 21,915,2000


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraarterial
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 4.25 mg/kg Vascular: Other changes

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent 		BJCAAI 86,196,2002
intraarterial
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.75 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased 		BJCAAI 90,1323,2004
intraarterial
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.75 mg/kg Endocrine: Hyperglycemia

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		BJCAAI 90,1323,2004
intraarterial
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.75 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: K

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes

Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent 		BJCAAI 90,1323,2004
intraarterial
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.75 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: K

Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent 		BJCAAI 90,1323,2004
intraarterial
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.4 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases BPBLEO 23,344,2000
intraarterial
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.8 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		BPBLEO 23,344,2000
intraarterial
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg Ear: Change in acuity JPETAB 314,1052,2005
intradermal
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 ng/kg Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation

Skin: After topical application: Corrosive 		CNREA8 35,2766,1975
intramuscular
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17,900 µg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Blood: Normocytic anemia 		YACHDS 10,723,1982
intramuscular
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9,200 µg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Blood: Normocytic anemia 		YACHDS 10,723,1982
intramuscular
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9,200 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Luekopenia

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above 		ENTOX* -,614,2005
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9,700 µg/kg Ear: Change in acuity TXAPA9 33,320,1975
intraperitoneal
mammal (species unspecified) 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		EJPHAZ 506,241,2005
intraperitoneal
mammal (species unspecified) 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting JPHSC* 101,99,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6,600 µg/kg N/R JMCMAR 34,414,1991
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		ACENA7 112,436,1986
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 13.5 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		EKFAE9 57,38,1994
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 15 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JPETAB 300,142,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors JPETAB 292,530,2000
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) 		BJMRDK 35,549,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),360,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed BCPCA6 63,1099,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 9 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		TOLED5 138,235,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Liver: Tumors 		TOXID9 44,141,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors TOXID9 44,141,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases 		BJCAAI 92,294,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 12 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain CBINA8 164,232,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain CBINA8 164,232,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg Behavioral: Food intake (animal) TXAPA9 222,152,2007
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors 		BPBLEO 29,2260,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent CNREA8 65,4202,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TXCYAC 249,184,2008
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6,400 µg/kg N/R JTSCDR 18,31,1993
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed 		NNAPBA 361,334,2000
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on Na-K pump 		EKFAE9 57,55,1994
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg Endocrine: Androgenic

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JSTBBK 30,449,1988
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXCYAC 178,67,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TXCYAC 195,221,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		DCTODJ 26,259,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		DCTODJ 26,259,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		ARTODN 76,262,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		JAPTO* 24,27,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases 		JAPTO* 24,269,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases JAPTO* 24,269,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		ARTODN 79,289,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TXCYAC 212,116,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed 		JPETAB 305,1183,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg Eye: Ptosis

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy) 		REPTED 21,42,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease REPTED 21,42,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 12 mg/kg/30 minute Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		NETOX* 27,22,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed JPETAB 314,1052,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition 		BPBLEO 27,366,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Other changes EJPHAZ 554,34,2007
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Xanthine oxidases 		BPBLEO 29,2436,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Xanthine oxidases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases 		TIHEEC 21,67,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		ARTODN 80,347,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		BPBLEO 28,1635,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4.5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TOPADD 33,207,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),121,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria 		BMCPH* 4,20,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		PHREP* 58,526,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in blood vessels or in circulation of kidney

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed 		ETPAEK 59,253,2007
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TXCYAC 249,184,2008
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 2,500 µg/kg Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		TXAPA9 25,230,1973
intravenous
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting JOETD7 57,93,1997
intravenous
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 4.24 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		CCPHDZ 51,36,2003
intravenous
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg Ear: Change in acuity

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		CCPHDZ 51,36,2003
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 µg/kg/6 day- intermittent Ear: Change in acuity

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above 		CCROBU 57,191,1973
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 µg/kg/13 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Blood: Other changes 		CTRRDO 62,693,1978
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 µg/kg Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed 		CCROBU 59,647,1975
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 72 mg/kg/25 day- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting CTRRDO 62,1591,1978
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.875 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		BJCAAI 91,18,2004
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.474 mg/kg Behavioral: Anorexia (human)

Blood: Luekopenia

Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) 		BJCAAI 89,2207,2003
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.72 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Blood: Thrombocytopenia 		BJCAAI 89,2207,2003
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.84 mg/kg Ear: Tinnitus

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		BJCAAI 92,1636,2005
intravenous
mammal (species unspecified) 		lowest published lethal dose: 8 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting YACHDS 28(4),285,2000
intravenous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,140 µg/kg/5 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) JJMDAT 23,283,1984
intravenous
monkey 		lowest published lethal dose: 250 µg/kg N/R CANCAR 33,1219,1974
intravenous
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.75 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) TOXID9 66,262,2002
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 11 mg/kg N/R ATSUDG 7,90,1984
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow

Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent 		BJCAAI 87,1047,2002
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes JJIND8 67,201,1981
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins

Endocrine: Androgenic

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		ENDOAO 126,2398,1990
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		EKFAE9 59,41,1996
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4.5 mg/kg Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders 		EKFAE9 61,45,1998
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4.5 mg/kg Liver: Multiple effects

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		EKFAE9 62,62,1999
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		EKFAE9 60,57,1997
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TXAPA9 200,111,2004
intravenous
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 7.5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		ARTODN 79,451,2005
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Luekopenia

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above 		ENTOX* -,614,2005
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Aggression EJPHAZ 549,27,2006
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.7 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed BPBLEO 28,1385,2005
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		BPBLEO 28,1385,2005
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Changes in platelet count

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOLED5 176,138,2008
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes TXCYAC 246,91,2008
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 32,700 µg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased 		KSRNAM 15,5669,1981
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25,800 µg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Blood: Normocytic anemia 		YACHDS 10,723,1982
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Luekopenia

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above 		ENTOX* -,614,2005
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg N/R ENTOX* -,448,2005
parenteral
frog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		JCVPAR 103,387,1990
parenteral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,140 µg/kg/5 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) NNGAAS 72,1426,1983
parenteral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 22 mg/kg N/R IOBPD3 5,1417,1979
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 13 mg/kg N/R JPBEAJ 41,286,1986
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8,100 µg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased 		KSRNAM 15,5669,1981
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) TXAPA9 197,271,2004
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Blood: Normocytic anemia 		ARTODN 80,680,2006
unreported route
child 		lowest published toxic dose: 19,200 µg/kg/12 week- intermittent Ear: Change in acuity JOPDAB 103,1006,1983
unreported route
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10,900 µg/kg N/R GTKRDX 13,280,1986
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition TOXID9 66,199,2002
unreported route
rat 		lethal dose : >5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) JTSCDR 24,337,1999
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) TOXID9 66,179,2002


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intramuscular
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 22.5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JPETAB 297,1106,2001
intramuscular
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors JPETAB 297,1106,2001
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 22.5 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		JPETAB 297,1106,2001
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,500 µg/kg/15 day- intermittent Ear: Change in acuity

Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		TXAPA9 33,320,1975
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/9 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		JCVPAR 105,367,1991
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/30 day- intermittent Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function KSRNAM 29,3573,1995
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		: 27 mg/kg/9 day- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath

Endocrine: Other changes 		EJPHAZ 531,217,2006
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		: 27 mg/kg/9 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain EJPHAZ 531,217,2006
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain TXAPA9 215,228,2006
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		TXAPA9 215,228,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving trigeminal nerve

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		MUNEDE 22,329,1999
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent

Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors 		CALEDQ 147,17,1999
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed CYLPDN 21,257,2000
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 19 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on cyclic nucleotides

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		BCPCA6 63,1099,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		BCPCA6 63,1099,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent MOCAT* 2,371,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10.5 mg/kg/9 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent CBINA8 148,37,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent CNREA8 63,1311,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from afferent nerve

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath 		TXAPA9 196,169,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10.5 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Vascular: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent 		TXCYAC 222,103,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 32 mg/kg/21 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above

Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent 		TXAPA9 222,152,2007
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors 		BPBLEO 29,2260,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes BPBLEO 29,2260,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 12 mg/kg/9 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent 		BMECEP 11,1669,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors 		BPBLEO 30,2191,2007
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors BMCPH* 4,32,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/3 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent MOCAT* 4,824,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent MOCAT* 2,471,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent CNREA8 67,8800,2007
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals 		PHTOEH 86,276,2000
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 9 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		ANTDEV 8,853,1997
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 22,680 µg/kg/35 day- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight

Blood: Normocytic anemia 		KSRNAM 15,5687,1981
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 23,296 µg/kg/26 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight 		KSRNAM 15,5719,1981
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		JCVPAR 105,367,1991
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/5 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		ANPTAL 84,364,1992
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/9 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath ANPTAL 84,364,1992
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 22,800 µg/kg/6 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above

Musculoskeletal: Other changes 		TXAPA9 38,535,1976
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/1 week- intermittent Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NRTXDN 22,163,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/1 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		REPTED 15,525,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from afferent nerve

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		TXAPA9 190,9,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function 		BCPCA6 63,1099,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		: 10 mg/kg/3 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		EJPHAZ 544,49,2006
intravenous
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,500 µg/kg/90 day Blood: Thrombocytopenia

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		KJTOEA 8,235,1992
intravenous
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,800 µg/kg/26 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Blood: Changes in platelet count

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		IYKEDH 22,1020,1991
intravenous
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,750 µg/kg/5 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		TXAPA9 25,230,1973
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.57 mg/kg/1 year- intermittent Blood: Luekopenia

Blood: Thrombocytopenia 		CAINV* 20,613,2002
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent Musculoskeletal: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: K

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals 		BJCAAI 89,1633,2003
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/22 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes BJCAAI 90,87,2004
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.14 mg/kg/80 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: K

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals 		BJCAAI 89,1633,2003
intravenous
human 		: 7.37 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Paresthesia

Blood: Luekopenia

Blood: Thrombocytopenia 		BJCAAI 92,1636,2005
intravenous
human 		: 11.057 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed BJCAAI 92,1636,2005
intravenous
human 		: 5.53 mg/kg/9 week- intermittent Olfaction: Change in sensation of smell

Ear: Change in acuity 		BJCAAI 92,1611,2005
intravenous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 9.29 mg/kg/20 week- intermittent Blood: Leukemia

Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent 		JJIND8 92,1165,2000
intravenous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.2 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		APHRER 38,242,2004
intravenous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 6.4 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests

Blood: Hemorrhage 		APHRER 38,242,2004
intravenous
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 12,500 µg/kg/5 day- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above 		TXAPA9 25,230,1973
intravenous
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 12,500 µg/kg/12 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		TOSCF2 46,155,1998
intravenous
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 5.8 mg/kg/22 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TOXID9 66,262,2002
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 11 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NTIS** PB82-166281
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent BCPCA6 71,426,2006
intravenous
mouse 		: 15 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors JMCMAR 49,4665,2006
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 16,200 µg/kg/26 week- intermittent Cardiac: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Endocrine: Other changes 		IYKEDH 22,1038,1991
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 22 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Blood: Changes in platelet count 		KSRNAM 30,2131,1996
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/20 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases 		REFAE8 17,539,1995
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/6 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field EJPHAZ 549,27,2006
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed TXCYAC 246,91,2008
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TXCYAC 246,91,2008
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) TOXID9 66,179,2002
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.5 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TOXID9 -,78,2008


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Pt)/m3 DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2007
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 26,151,1981
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMSUDL 7,170,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMSUDL 7,170,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2A IMSUDL 7,170,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JJIND8 94,772,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 544,179,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AIMEAS 86,803,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ANBCB3 23,99,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CREOH* 46,59,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CREOH* 46,101,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 23,158,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 589,111,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 589,111,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUTAEX 17,149,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 23,500,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CREOH* 46,101,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CREOH* 48,199,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CATRE* 26,363,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUTAEX 15,431,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 566,209,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUTAEX 20,389,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FCTOD7 44,1173,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DIMON* 39,678,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,614,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,384,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 627,10,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,448,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUTAEX 20,153,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOPADD 32(Suppl. 2),71,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOPADD 33,517,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CAINV* 23,537,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JNCIEQ ,6,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLLID* 11,641,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 658,154,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 658,271,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HBTME* ,769,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HBTME* ,769,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HBTME* ,177,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HPCQA4 38,527,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JAADDB 59,524,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HUTOX* -,439,1996


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Pt)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Pt)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Pt)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Pt)/m3 CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Pt)/m3, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Pt)/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit 0.001 mg(Pt)/m3, sen, APR2007
Occupational Exposure Limit - NEW ZEALAND time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Pt)/m3, sen, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN time-weighted average 1 mg(Pt)/m3 (total dust), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.002 mg(Pt)/m3, DEC2006


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: X3192;
Number of Industries 1;
Total Number of Facilities 609;
Number of Occupations 8;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 21,216;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 15,289


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: SHE-clonal assay; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro SCE-nonhuman; TRP reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: TRP reversion
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a chemotherapeutic drug
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
ACENA7 Acta Endocrinologica (Copenhagen). (Periodica, Skolegade 12 E, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark) V.1- 1948-
AIMEAS Annals of Internal Medicine. (American College of Physicians, 4200 Pine St., Philadelphia, PA 19104) V.1- 1927-
AJHPA9 American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. (American Soc. of Hospital Pharmacists, 4630 Montgomery Ave., Bethesda, MD 20814) V.15- 1958-
ANBCB3 Antibiotics and Chemotherapy (Basel). (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.17- 1971-
ANPTAL Acta Neuropathologica. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1961-
ANTDEV Anti-Cancer Drugs. (Rapid Communications of Oxford Ltd., The Old Malthous, Paradise St., Oxford OX1 1LD, UK) V.1- 1990-
APHRER Annals of Pharmacotherpy. (Harvey Whitney Books Co., POB 42696, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V. 26- 1992-
ARANDR Archives of Andrology. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1978-
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
ATSUDG Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 1978-
BBRCA9 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
BCPCA6 Biochemical Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1958-
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947-
BJCSB5 British Journal of Cancer, Supplement. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2ZS, UK) No.1- 1973-
BJMRDK Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. (Associacao Brasileira de Divulgacao Cientifica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, USP, 141000 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil) V.14- 1981-
BMCPH* BioMedCentral Pharmacology (Biomed Central Ltd) -
BMECEP Biorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. (Elsevier Science, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK) V.1 1993-
BPBLEO Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. (Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2-12-15-201 Shibuya Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.16- 1993-
CAINV* Cancer investigation (New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker) V.1- 1983-
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975-
CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948-
CATRE* Cancer Treatment Reviews
CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969-
CCPHDZ Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1978-
CCROBU Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, Part 1. (Washington, DC) V.52(6)-59, 1968-75. For publisher information, see CTRRDO.
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CLLID*
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
CREOH* Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V. 1- 1983-
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
CTRRDO Cancer Treatment Reports. (Washington, DC) V.60-71, 1976-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
CYLPDN Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1980-
DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78-
DIMON* Disease-a Month (Chicago : Year Book Publishers) V. 24- 1978-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EJCAAH European Journal of Cancer (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V. 1- 1965-
EJCODS European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology. (Pergamon Press, c/o Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591) V.17(7)- 25, 1981-89. For publisher information, see EJCAEL
EJPHAZ European Journal of Pharmacology. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1967-
EKFAE9 Eksperimental'naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. (Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, ul. B. Yakimanka, 39, 117049 Moscow, Russia) V.55- 1992-
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
ENDOAO Endocrinology (Baltimore). (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21203) V.1- 1917-
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG.
ENTOX* Encyclopedia of Toxicology: Reference Book, Elsevier, 2005
ETPAEK Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology. (Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, Postfach 100537, D-07705 Jena, Germany) V.44- 1992-
EXPEAM Experientia. (Birkhaeuser Verlag, POB 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1945-
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FESTAS Fertility and Sterility. (American Fertility Soc., 608 13th Ave. S, Birmingham, AL 35282) V.1- 1950-
GTKRDX Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer and Chemotherapy. (1-8-9 Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103, Japan) V.1- 1974-
HBTME*
HETOEA Human & Experimental Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 2XS, UK) V.9- 1990-
HIKYAJ Hinyokika Kiyo. Journal of Urology. (Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu, Hinyokikagaku Kyoshitsu, 54 Kawara-machi, Shogain, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1955-
HPCQA4 Human Pathology. (W.B. Saunders Co., W. Washington Sq., Philadelphia, PA 19105) V.1- 1970-
HUTOX*
ICDBEO In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology. (Tissue Culture Assoc., 19110 Montgomery Village Ave., Suite 300, Gaithersburg, MD 20879) V.21- 1985-
IJCNAW International Journal of Cancer. (International Union Against Cancer, 3 rue du Conseil- General, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland) V.1- 1966-
IJEBA6 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. (Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR, Hillside Rd., New Delhi 110 012, India) V.1- 1963-
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979-
INNDDK Investigational New Drugs. The Journal of New Anticancer Agents. Kluwer Academic Pub., POB 358, Accord Stn., Hingham, MA 02018) V.1- 1983-
IOBPD3 International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1975-
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970-
JAADDB Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) 1979-
JAPTO* Journal of Applied Toxicology (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Oldlands Way Bognor Regis West Sussex, PO22 9SA England) V.1- 1981-
JCHODP Journal of Clinical Hematology and Oncology. (Cancer Center at Wadley Institutes, POB 35988, Dallas, TX 75235) V.5(3)- 1975-
JCVPAR Journal of Comparative Pathology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.75- 1965-
JJCREP Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. BV, POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.76- 1985-
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
JJMDAT Japanese Journal of Medicine. (Nankodo Co., Ltd., POB 5272, Tokyo International 100-31, Japan) V.1-30, 1962-1991. For publisher information, see IEDIEP.
JMCMAR Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) V.6- 1963-
JNCIEQ Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988). (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.80- 1988-
JOAND3 Journal of Andrology. (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1980-
JOBAAY Journal of Bacteriology. (American Soc. for Microbiology, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1916-
JOETD7 Journal of Ethnopharmacology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1979-
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932-
JPBEAJ Journal de Pharmacie de Belgique. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) New series: V.1- 1945/46-
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
JPHSC*
JSTBBK Journal of Steroid Biochemistry. (Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, UK) V.1- 1969-
JTSCDR Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976-
KJTOEA Korean Journal of Toxicology. (Korean Society of Toxicology, c/o College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110, S. Korea) V.1- 1985-
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960-
MOCAT* Molecular Cancer Therapeutics (Philadelphia, PA : American Association for Cancer Research) V.1- 2001-
MOPMA3 Molecular Pharmacology. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1965-
MUNEDE Muscle & Nerve. (John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10158) V.1- 1978-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-
NARHAD Nucleic Acids Research. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1974-
NASSDK NATO Advanced Study Institute Series, Series A: Life Sciences. (New York, NY) V.1-52, 1975-82. For publisher information, see NALSDJ.
NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736) V.1- 1869-
NEOLA4 Neoplasma. (Karger-Libri, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.4- 1957-
NETOX* NeuroToxicology (Amsterdam : Elsevier Science) V.1- 1979-
NNAPBA Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv fuer Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.264-271, 1969-71. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
NNGAAS Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi. Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. (Nippon Naika Gakkai, 33-5, 3-chome, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1913-
NRTXDN Neurotoxicology. (Intox Press, Inc., POB 34075, Little Rock, AR 72203) V.1- 1979-
NSAPCC Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. (Springer Verlag, Heidelberger, Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.272- 1972-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NULSAK Nucleus (Calcutta). (Dr. A.K. Sharma, Centre of Advanced Studies in Cell and Chromosome Research, Calcutta, 35 Baliygunge Circular Rd., Calcutta 700 019, India) V.1- 1958-
PHREP*
PHTOEH Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987-
REFAE8 Renal Failure. (Marcel Dekker Journals, POB 5005, Monticello, NY 12701) V.10- 1987-
REPTED Reproductive Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
REXMAS Research in Experimental Medicine. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.157- 1972-
TAKHAA Takeda Kenkyusho Ho. Journal of the Takeda Research Laboratories. (Takeda Yakuhin Kogyo K.K., 2-17-85 Jusohon-machi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan) V.29- 1970-
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980-
TIHEEC Toxicology and Industrial Health. (Princeton Scientific Pub. Co., POB 2155, Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 1985-
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOPADD Toxicologic Pathology. (c/o Dr. F.A. de la Iglesia, Warner-Lambert Co., Pharmaceutical Research Div., POB 1047, Ann Arbor, MI 48106) V.6(3/4)- 1978-
TOSCF2 Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V. 41, Jan. 1998-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TPHSDY Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1979-
TUMOAB Tumori. (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Via G. Frua 6, 20146 Milan, Italy) V.1- 1911-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
VAAZA2 Virchows Archiv, Abteilung B: Cell Pathology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1968-
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972-
YSKODB Yakubutsu, Seishin, Kodo. Japanese Journal of Psychopharmacology. (Nippon Shinkei, Seishin Yakuri Gakkai, 1433 Nogawa, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 213, Japan) V.1-13, 1981-93. For publisher information, see NSSZEW
ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986-

Used as a chemotherapeutic drug

FDA-PROPRIETARY DRUG

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Natural Product

 Click Here for Additional Information about RTECS

NIOSH Home |  NIOSH Search  |  Site Index  |  Topic List |  Contact Us