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| UPDATE: May 2009 | MW: 120.37 | MF: O4S•Mg |
SYNONYMS:
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SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
N/R |
N/R
|
N/R
|
N/R
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MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
SYSTEM TEST
|
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM/ TISSUE
DOSE
|
REFERENCE
|
gene conversion and mitotic recombination
|
Escherichia coli
|
5 pph
|
JGMIAN 8,45,1953
|
phage inhibition capacity
|
Escherichia coli
|
800 µmol/L
|
ENMUDM 6,59,1984
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REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg (17-21 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system
GEPHDP 12,25,1981
|
intravenous | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg (39 week pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Other effects on female | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus
AJOGAH 168,1170,1993
|
subcutaneous | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 9 gm/kg (15-20 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Other effects on female
|
JTSCDR 23(Suppl 1),67,1998
|
subcutaneous | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 18 gm/kg (15-20 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical
JTSCDR 23(Suppl 1),67,1998
|
unreported route | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg (17-21 day pregnant)
|
Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
|
VCVN1* -,105,1988
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TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
N/R |
N/R
|
N/R
|
N/R
|
| |||
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
intraduodenal | dog
lowest published toxic dose: 482 mg/kg/1 hour
|
Gastrointestinal: Alteration in gastric secretion
|
AJPHAP 248,G28,1985
|
intraperitoneal | dog
lowest published lethal dose: 1,200 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
HBAMAK 4,1364,1935
|
intraperitoneal | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
VCVN1* -,104,1988
|
intraperitoneal | mouse
lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg
|
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes
|
JTCTDW 41,749,2003
|
intraperitoneal | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg
|
Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
|
INJPD2 38,397,2006
|
intraspinal | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg
|
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis with appropriate anesthesia
|
SAMJAF 68,367,1985
|
intraspinal | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg
|
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) | Gastrointestinal: Decreased motility or constipation Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes
JTCTDW 42,732,2004
|
intravenous | dog
lowest published toxic dose: 30.1 mg/kg/15 minute
|
Gastrointestinal: Alteration in gastric secretion
|
AJPHAP 248,G28,1985
|
intravenous | dog
lowest published toxic dose: 5,754 µg/kg
|
Vascular: Other changes | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
AANEAB 45,435,2001
|
intravenous | dog
lowest published toxic dose: 12 mg/kg
|
Cardiac: Cardiac output
|
AANEAB 45,435,2001
|
intravenous | dog
lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg
|
Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | Cardiac: Change in rate
AANEAB 45,435,2001
|
intravenous | domestic animal
lowest published toxic dose: 72 mg/kg
|
Cardiac: Change in rate | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow
JPETAB 297,1176,2001
|
intravenous | human
lowest published lethal dose: 10.5 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
TOXID9 60,13,2001
|
intravenous | mouse
lowest published lethal dose: 48 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
TXAPA9 4,492,1962
|
intravenous | pig
lowest published toxic dose: 18,056 µg/kg
|
Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)
|
TOXID9 60,13,2001
|
intravenous | woman
lowest published lethal dose: 80 mg/kg/2 minute- intermittent
|
Cardiac: Other changes | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis
SAMJAF 67,145,1985
|
oral | man
lowest published toxic dose: 428 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Muscle weakness | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
JJTOEX 2,285,1989
|
oral | mouse
lowest published lethal dose: 5 gm/kg
|
N/R
|
HBAMAK 4,1364,1935
|
oral | mouse
lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg
|
Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea
|
INJPD2 39,245,2007
|
oral | mouse
lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg
|
Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | Gastrointestinal: Other changes
FTRPAE 75,39,2004
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg
|
Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | Endocrine: Hypoglycemia
CEXPB9 32,604,2005
|
oral | rabbit
lowest published lethal dose: 3 gm/kg
|
N/R
|
HBAMAK 4,1364,1935
|
oral | woman
lowest published toxic dose: 351 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Muscle weakness | Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
JTCTDW 34,735,1996
|
subcutaneous | cat
lowest published lethal dose: 1 gm/kg
|
Behavioral: General anesthetic
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AJPHAP 14,366,1905
|
subcutaneous | dog
lowest published lethal dose: 1,500 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
HBAMAK 4,1364,1935
|
subcutaneous | guinea pig
lowest published lethal dose: 1,800 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: General anesthetic | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
AJPHAP 14,366,1905
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subcutaneous | mouse
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 645 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
CYLPDN 7,178,1986
|
subcutaneous | rat
lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,200 mg/kg
|
N/R
|
NELED5 117,207,1990
|
subcutaneous | rabbit
lowest published lethal dose: 1,750 mg/kg
|
Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
AJPHAP 14,366,1905
|
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OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ | ORGANISM
DOSE
|
| EFFECT
REFERENCE
|
oral | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 56 gm/kg/8 week- intermittent
|
Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | Vascular: Structural changes in vessels Endocrine: Hypoglycemia
CEXPB9 32,604,2005
|
unreported route | rat
lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent
|
Liver: Other changes | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function
VCVN1* -,105,1988
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REVIEWS:
ORGANIZATION
|
STANDARD
|
|
REFERENCE
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
|
|
AJEMEN 18,216,2000
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TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
|
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HUTOX* -,301,1996
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TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
|
|
HUTOX* -,473,1996
|
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
|
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HTOPA* 1,595,2002
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STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
ORGANIZATION
|
STANDARD
|
|
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988
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PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION
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FEREAC 54,7740,1989
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF
|
PESTICIDES: Cancelled
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RBREV* -,320,1998
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Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA
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short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, JUN2003
|
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NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
ORGANIZATION
|
STANDARD or SURVEY
|
|
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974
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National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 43410; | Number of Industries 88; Total Number of Facilities 11,060; Number of Occupations 80; Total Number of Employees Exposed 106,080
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983
|
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 43410 |
Number of Industries 111; Total Number of Facilities 13,961; Number of Occupations 95; Total Number of Employees Exposed 235,005; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 108,074 | ||||
STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
ORGANIZATION
|
|
REFERENCE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
|
Used in food, pharmaceutical, and photo applications
|
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
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EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
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REFERENCES:
CODEN
|
|
REFERENCE
AANEAB
|
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016
Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.1- 1957-
|
AJEMEN
|
American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA) V.1- 1983-
|
AJOGAH
|
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial
Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920-
|
AJPHAP
|
American Journal of Physiology. (American Physiological Soc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda,
MD 20814) V.1- 1898-
|
CEXPB9
|
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. (Blackwell Scientific Publications,
(Australia) Pty Ltd., 107 Barry St., Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia) V.1- 1974-
|
CYLPDN
|
Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology. (China
International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1980-
|
ENMUDM
|
Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see
EMMUEG.
|
FEREAC
|
Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
V.1- 1936-
|
FTRPAE
|
Fitoterapia. (Inverni della Beffa SpA, via Ripamonti, 99, 20141 Milan, Italy) V.18- 1947-
|
GEPHDP
|
General Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523)
V.6- 1975-
|
HBAMAK
|
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.)
|
HTOPA*
|
|
HUTOX*
|
|
INJPD2
|
Indian Journal of Pharmacology. (Dept. of Pharmacology, Baranas Hindu Univ., Varanasi 221
005, India) V.1- 1968(?)-
|
JGMIAN
|
Journal of General Microbiology. (Soc. for General Microbiology, Journal Sales, 62 London
Rd., Reading, RG1 5AS, UK) V.1- 1947-
|
JJTOEX
|
Japanese Journal of Toxicology. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Hokushin Bldg., 2-36 Jinbo-cho, Kanda,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101, Japan) V.1- 1988-
|
JPETAB
|
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E.
Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
|
JTCTDW
|
Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY
10016) V.19- 1982-
|
JTSCDR
|
Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor,
Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976-
|
NELED5
|
Neuroscience Letters. (Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick,
Ireland) V.1- 1975-
|
RBREV*
|
Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review (Rainbow Report),
Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 401 M. Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, Spring 1998
|
SAMJAF
|
South African Medical Journal. (Medical Assoc. of South Africa, Secy., P.O. Box 643, Cape
Town, S. Africa) V.6- 1932-
|
TOXID9
|
Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1-
1981-
|
TXAPA9
|
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802)
V.1- 1959-
|
VCVN1*
|
"Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov I-IV groopp" (Hazardous
substances. Inornanic substances containing I-IV group elements), Filov V.A., Chimia, 1988.
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