RTECS:MA1575000 The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Glutamic acid, monosodium salt, L - (+) -

RTECS #: MA1575000

CAS #: 142-47-2

UPDATE: May 2009 MW: 169.13 MF: C₅H₈NO₄翝a

NOTE:

TOXICITY DATA HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED. OMISSION OF A SUBSTANCE OR NOTATION DOES NOT IMPLY ANY RELIEF FROM REGULATORY RESPONSIBILITY.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

SYNONYMS:

REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:

OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:

REVIEWS:

STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

Accent

Ajinomoto

Chinese seasoning

Glutacyl

Glutamat sodny (Czech)

Glutamic acid, sodium salt

Glutammato monosodico (Italian)

Glutavene

L (+) Sodium glutamate

MSG

Monosodioglutammato (Italian)

Monosodium glutamate

Monosodium L - glutamate

Natriumglutaminat (German)

RL - 50

Sodium glutamate

Sodium L - glutamate

Vetsin

Zest

alpha - Monosodium glutamate

SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
N/R
N/R N/R N/R

MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE DOSE REFERENCE
N/R N/R N/R N/R

REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 1,315 gm/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic EXPEAM 28,260,1972
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 48 gm/kg (14 day prior to copulation-21 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral TXAPA9 50,267,1979
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 19,500 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material) QUNUAZ 31,85,1971
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 140 gm/kg (7-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects IJNUB7 23,117,1984
subcutaneous
hamster lowest published toxic dose: 16 gm/kg (2 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands BIREBV 22,687,1980
subcutaneous
hamster lowest published toxic dose: 8 gm/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina BIREBV 17,404,1977
subcutaneous
hamster lowest published toxic dose: 20 gm/kg (5 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis BIREBV 14,362,1976
subcutaneous
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 5,104 mg/kg (17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) SEIJBO 14,77,1974
subcutaneous
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 5,104 mg/kg (16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) SEIJBO 14,77,1974
subcutaneous
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 15 gm/kg (6 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition JTSCDR 3,264,1978
subcutaneous
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 58 gm/kg (10 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) TJADAB 27,69A,1983
subcutaneous
rat lowest published toxic dose: 40 gm/kg (10 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders TOLED5 4,359,1979
subcutaneous
rat lowest published toxic dose: 40 gm/kg (10 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands TOLED5 4,359,1979
subcutaneous
rat lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Other effects on male TOLED5 1,207,1978
subcutaneous
rat lowest published toxic dose: 34,100 mg/kg (10 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) NETOD7 1,1,1979

TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
N/R
N/R N/R N/R

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15 gm/kg N/R FAONAU 53A,424,1974
intraperitoneal
mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,800 mg/kg N/R AEPPAE 227,214,1955
intraperitoneal
rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4,253 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Tetany HSZPAZ 300,97,1955
intravenous
human lowest published toxic dose: 714 痢/kg Behavioral: Headache SCIEAS 163,826,1969
intravenous
mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 gm/kg N/R FAONAU 53A,424,1974
intravenous
rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,300 mg/kg Eye: Other eye effects

Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic

Behavioral: Ataxia OYYAA2 15,433,1978
oral
human lowest published toxic dose: 43 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting HYSAAV 36(9),364,1971
oral
human lowest published toxic dose: 0.14 mg/kg Endocrine: Other changes BCPHBM 53,641,2002
oral
man lowest published toxic dose: 3,571 痢/kg Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other LANCAO 1,988,1987
oral
mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 11.4 gm/kg N/R FEREAC 69,62602,2004
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 gm/kg Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning PBBHAU 2,619,1974
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression PBBHAU 2,619,1974
oral
rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16.6 gm/kg N/R FEREAC 69,62602,2004
oral
woman lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea NEJMAG 305,1154,1981
subcutaneous
cat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8 gm/kg N/R EbeAG# 19NOV1973
subcutaneous
mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8,200 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Excitement OYYAA2 15,433,1978
subcutaneous
rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,580 mg/kg Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Ataxia

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis OYYAA2 15,433,1978

OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
rat lowest published toxic dose: 8 gm/kg/3 day- intermittent Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight BESCE5 8,310,1995
intraperitoneal
rat lowest published toxic dose: 8,000 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight BESCE5 8,310,1995
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 12 gm/kg/15 day- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve FCTOD7 41,1375,2003
parenteral
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 10 gm/kg/5 day- intermittent Cardiac: Changes in heart weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Glycolytic LIFSAK 71,1917,2002
subcutaneous
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg/6 day- intermittent Endocrine: Hyperglycemia

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport TOLED5 45,195,1989
subcutaneous
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 3,500 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes YHHPAL 33,161,1998
subcutaneous
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 10,000 mg/kg/9 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins TXCYAC 219,97,2006
subcutaneous
rat lowest published toxic dose: 8,000 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight NUNDAJ 42,158,1986
subcutaneous
rat lowest published toxic dose: 8,000 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight NUNDAJ 42,158,1986
subcutaneous
rat lowest published toxic dose: 8 gm/kg/9 day- intermittent Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes

Liver: Other changes FRMCE8 42,319,2004
subcutaneous
rat lowest published toxic dose: 24 gm/kg/8 day- intermittent Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests NETEEC 27,465,2005

REVIEWS:
ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE

TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,150,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HUTOX* -,259,1996

STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE

Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 2 mg/m³, JUN2003

NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE

National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 82886;
Number of Industries 7;
Total Number of Facilities 1,087;
Number of Occupations 11;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 21,247
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 82886;
Number of Industries 18;
Total Number of Facilities 2,623;
Number of Occupations 42;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 60,341;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 22,829

STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE

EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY

REFERENCES:
CODEN
REFERENCE

AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
BCPHBM British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1974-
BESCE5 Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. (Academic Press, 525 B St., Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101) V.1- 1988-
BIREBV Biology of Reproduction. (Soc. for the Study of Reproduction, 309 W. Clark St., Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1969-
ENTOX* Encyclopedia of Toxicology: Reference Book, Elsevier, 2005
EXPEAM Experientia. (Birkhaeuser Verlag, POB 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1945-
EbeAG# Personal Communication from A.G. Ebert, International Glutamate Technical Committee, 85 Walnut St., Watertown, MA 02172, Nov. 19, 1973
FAONAU FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. (Rome, Italy) No.?-57, 1948-77. Discontinued.
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
FRMCE8 Farmaco. (Societa Chimica Italiana, Corso Strada Nova, 86, Casella Postale 227, 27100 Pavia, Italy) V.44- 1989-
HSZPAZ Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fuer Physiologische Chemie. (Walter de Gruyter, Inc., 200 Saw Mill River Rd., Hawthorne, NY 10532) V.21- 1895/96-
HUTOX*

HYSAAV Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR). English translation of GISAAA. (Springfield, VA) 1964-71. Discontinued.
IJNUB7 International Journal of Neuroscience. (Gordon & Breach Science Pub. S.A., 50 W. 23rd St., New York, NY 10010) V.1- 1970-
JTSCDR Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976-
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
LIFSAK Life Sciences. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1-8, 1962-69; V.14- 1974-
NEJMAG New England Journal of Medicine. (Massachusetts Medical Soc., 10 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115) V.198- 1928-
NETEEC Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987-
NETOD7 Neurobehavioral Toxicology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.1-2, 1979-80. For publisher information, see NTOTDY.
NUNDAJ Neuroendocrinology. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1965/66-
OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967-
PBBHAU Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. (ANKHO International Inc., P.O. Box 426, Fayetteville, NY 13066) V.1- 1973-
QUNUAZ Quaderni della Nutrizione. Notes on Nutrition. (North Cohocton, NY) V.1-31, 1934-71. Discontinued.
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895-
SEIJBO Senten Ijo. Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, c/o Kinki Daigaku Igakubu Kaibagaku Kyoshitsu, 380 Nishiyama, Sayama-cho, Mirami-Kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1-26, 1960-86. For publisher information, see CGANE7.
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
YHHPAL Yaoxue Xuebao. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. Pharmaceutical Journal. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1953- Suspended 1966-78.

Used as flavor enhancer

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

Click Here for Additional Information about RTECS

NIOSH Home | NIOSH Search | Site Index | Topic List | Contact Us

SYNONYMS:
Accent Ajinomoto Chinese seasoning Glutacyl Glutamat sodny (Czech) Glutamic acid, sodium salt Glutammato monosodico (Italian) Glutavene L (+) Sodium glutamate MSG	Monosodioglutammato (Italian) Monosodium glutamate Monosodium L - glutamate Natriumglutaminat (German) RL - 50 Sodium glutamate Sodium L - glutamate Vetsin Zest alpha - Monosodium glutamate

SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
N/R	N/R	N/R	N/R

MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
SYSTEM TEST	ROUTE/ ORGANISM/ TISSUE	DOSE	REFERENCE
N/R	N/R	N/R	N/R

REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1,315 gm/kg (multigenerations)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic	EXPEAM 28,260,1972
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 48 gm/kg (14 day prior to copulation-21 day after birth)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral	TXAPA9 50,267,1979
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 19,500 mg/kg (multigenerations)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material)	QUNUAZ 31,85,1971
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 140 gm/kg (7-20 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects	IJNUB7 23,117,1984
subcutaneous hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 16 gm/kg (2 day prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands	BIREBV 22,687,1980
subcutaneous hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 8 gm/kg (1 day prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina	BIREBV 17,404,1977
subcutaneous hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 20 gm/kg (5 day prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis	BIREBV 14,362,1976
subcutaneous mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 5,104 mg/kg (17 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)	SEIJBO 14,77,1974
subcutaneous mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 5,104 mg/kg (16 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)	SEIJBO 14,77,1974
subcutaneous mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 15 gm/kg (6 day prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition	JTSCDR 3,264,1978
subcutaneous mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 58 gm/kg (10 day male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)	TJADAB 27,69A,1983
subcutaneous rat	lowest published toxic dose: 40 gm/kg (10 day prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders	TOLED5 4,359,1979
subcutaneous rat	lowest published toxic dose: 40 gm/kg (10 day male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands	TOLED5 4,359,1979
subcutaneous rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg (1 day male)	Reproductive: Other effects on male	TOLED5 1,207,1978
subcutaneous rat	lowest published toxic dose: 34,100 mg/kg (10 day male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)	NETOD7 1,1,1979

TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
N/R	N/R	N/R	N/R

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
intraperitoneal guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15 gm/kg	N/R	FAONAU 53A,424,1974
intraperitoneal mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,800 mg/kg	N/R	AEPPAE 227,214,1955
intraperitoneal rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4,253 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Tetany	HSZPAZ 300,97,1955
intravenous human	lowest published toxic dose: 714 痢/kg	Behavioral: Headache	SCIEAS 163,826,1969
intravenous mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 gm/kg	N/R	FAONAU 53A,424,1974
intravenous rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,300 mg/kg	Eye: Other eye effects Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral: Ataxia	OYYAA2 15,433,1978
oral human	lowest published toxic dose: 43 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	HYSAAV 36(9),364,1971
oral human	lowest published toxic dose: 0.14 mg/kg	Endocrine: Other changes	BCPHBM 53,641,2002
oral man	lowest published toxic dose: 3,571 痢/kg	Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other	LANCAO 1,988,1987
oral mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 11.4 gm/kg	N/R	FEREAC 69,62602,2004
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 gm/kg	Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning	PBBHAU 2,619,1974
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	PBBHAU 2,619,1974
oral rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16.6 gm/kg	N/R	FEREAC 69,62602,2004
oral woman	lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	NEJMAG 305,1154,1981
subcutaneous cat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8 gm/kg	N/R	EbeAG# 19NOV1973
subcutaneous mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8,200 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Excitement	OYYAA2 15,433,1978
subcutaneous rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,580 mg/kg	Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis	OYYAA2 15,433,1978

OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
intraperitoneal rat	lowest published toxic dose: 8 gm/kg/3 day- intermittent	Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight	BESCE5 8,310,1995
intraperitoneal rat	lowest published toxic dose: 8,000 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent	Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight	BESCE5 8,310,1995
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 12 gm/kg/15 day- intermittent	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve	FCTOD7 41,1375,2003
parenteral mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 10 gm/kg/5 day- intermittent	Cardiac: Changes in heart weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Glycolytic	LIFSAK 71,1917,2002
subcutaneous mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg/6 day- intermittent	Endocrine: Hyperglycemia Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport	TOLED5 45,195,1989
subcutaneous mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 3,500 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes	YHHPAL 33,161,1998
subcutaneous mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 10,000 mg/kg/9 day- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	TXCYAC 219,97,2006
subcutaneous rat	lowest published toxic dose: 8,000 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight	NUNDAJ 42,158,1986
subcutaneous rat	lowest published toxic dose: 8,000 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight	NUNDAJ 42,158,1986
subcutaneous rat	lowest published toxic dose: 8 gm/kg/9 day- intermittent	Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes Liver: Other changes	FRMCE8 42,319,2004
subcutaneous rat	lowest published toxic dose: 24 gm/kg/8 day- intermittent	Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests	NETEEC 27,465,2005

REVIEWS:
ORGANIZATION	STANDARD	REFERENCE
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,150,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HUTOX* -,259,1996

STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
ORGANIZATION	STANDARD	REFERENCE
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 2 mg/m³, JUN2003

NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
ORGANIZATION	STANDARD or SURVEY	REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 82886; Number of Industries 7; Total Number of Facilities 1,087; Number of Occupations 11; Total Number of Employees Exposed 21,247
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 82886; Number of Industries 18; Total Number of Facilities 2,623; Number of Occupations 42; Total Number of Employees Exposed 60,341; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 22,829

STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
ORGANIZATION	REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY

REFERENCES:
CODEN	REFERENCE
AEPPAE	Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
BCPHBM	British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1974-
BESCE5	Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. (Academic Press, 525 B St., Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101) V.1- 1988-
BIREBV	Biology of Reproduction. (Soc. for the Study of Reproduction, 309 W. Clark St., Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1969-
ENTOX*	Encyclopedia of Toxicology: Reference Book, Elsevier, 2005
EXPEAM	Experientia. (Birkhaeuser Verlag, POB 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1945-
EbeAG#	Personal Communication from A.G. Ebert, International Glutamate Technical Committee, 85 Walnut St., Watertown, MA 02172, Nov. 19, 1973
FAONAU	FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. (Rome, Italy) No.?-57, 1948-77. Discontinued.
FCTOD7	Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FEREAC	Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
FRMCE8	Farmaco. (Societa Chimica Italiana, Corso Strada Nova, 86, Casella Postale 227, 27100 Pavia, Italy) V.44- 1989-
HSZPAZ	Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fuer Physiologische Chemie. (Walter de Gruyter, Inc., 200 Saw Mill River Rd., Hawthorne, NY 10532) V.21- 1895/96-
HUTOX*
HYSAAV	Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR). English translation of GISAAA. (Springfield, VA) 1964-71. Discontinued.
IJNUB7	International Journal of Neuroscience. (Gordon & Breach Science Pub. S.A., 50 W. 23rd St., New York, NY 10010) V.1- 1970-
JTSCDR	Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976-
LANCAO	Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
LIFSAK	Life Sciences. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1-8, 1962-69; V.14- 1974-
NEJMAG	New England Journal of Medicine. (Massachusetts Medical Soc., 10 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115) V.198- 1928-
NETEEC	Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987-
NETOD7	Neurobehavioral Toxicology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.1-2, 1979-80. For publisher information, see NTOTDY.
NUNDAJ	Neuroendocrinology. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1965/66-
OYYAA2	Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967-
PBBHAU	Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. (ANKHO International Inc., P.O. Box 426, Fayetteville, NY 13066) V.1- 1973-
QUNUAZ	Quaderni della Nutrizione. Notes on Nutrition. (North Cohocton, NY) V.1-31, 1934-71. Discontinued.
SCIEAS	Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895-
SEIJBO	Senten Ijo. Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, c/o Kinki Daigaku Igakubu Kaibagaku Kyoshitsu, 380 Nishiyama, Sayama-cho, Mirami-Kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1-26, 1960-86. For publisher information, see CGANE7.
TJADAB	Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOLED5	Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TXAPA9	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
TXCYAC	Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
YHHPAL	Yaoxue Xuebao. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. Pharmaceutical Journal. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1953- Suspended 1966-78.