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2H - 1,4 - Benzodiazepin - 2 - one, 7 - chloro - 1,3 - dihydro - 1 - methyl - 5 - phenyl -

RTECS #: DF1575000

CAS #: 439-14-5

UPDATE: May 2009 MW: 284.76 MF: C16H13ClN2O


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  9. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  10. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 1 - Methyl - 5 - phenyl - 7 - chloro - 1,3 - dihydro - 2H - 1,4 - benzodiazepin - 2 - one
  2. 7 - Chloro - 1,3 - dihydro - 1 - methyl - 5 - phenyl - 2H - 1,4 - benzodiazepin - 2 - one (IUPAC)
  3. 7 - Chloro - 1 - methyl - 2 - oxo - 5 - phenyl - 3H - 1,4 - benzodiazepine
  4. 7 - Chloro - 1 - methyl - 5 - phenyl - 3H - 1,4 - benzodiazepin - 2 (1H) - one
  5. 7 - Chloro - 1 - methyl - 5 - phenyl - 1,3 - dihydro - 2H - 1,4 - benzodiazepin - 2 - one
  6. Alboral
  7. Aliseum
  8. Amiprol
  9. An - Ding
  10. Ansiolisina
  11. Apaurin
  12. Apozepam
  13. Assival
  14. Atensine
  15. Atilen
  16. Bialzepam
  17. Calmocitene
  18. Calmpose
  19. Cercine
  20. Ceregulart
  21. Cristalia
  22. Diapam
  23. Diazemuls
  24. Diazepam
  25. Diazepamu (Polish)
  26. Diazetard
  27. Dienpax
  28. Dipezona
  29. Domalium
  30. Duxen
  31. Eridan
  32. Faustan
  33. Freudal
  34. Horizon
  35. Kabivitrum
  36. Kiatrium
  37. LA - 111
  38. Lembrol
  1. Levium
  2. Liberetas
  3. Methyl diazepinone
  4. Morosan
  5. NSC - 77518
  6. Noan
  7. Paxate
  8. Paxel
  9. Quievita
  10. Relaminal
  11. Relanium
  12. Renborin
  13. Ro 5 - 2807
  14. Saromet
  15. Sedipam
  16. Seduxen
  17. Serenamin
  18. Serenzin
  19. Setonil
  20. Sibazon
  21. Sonacon
  22. Stesolid
  23. Stesolin
  24. Tensopam
  25. Tranimul
  26. Tranquirit
  27. Umbrium
  28. Unisedil
  29. Usempax AP
  30. Valeo
  31. Valitran
  32. Valium
  33. Vatran
  34. Vival
  35. Vivol
  36. WY - 3467
  37. Zipan


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
body fluid assay mouse
Salmonella typhimurium 		200 mg/kg CNREA8 38,4478,1978
cytogenetic analysis hamster embryo 100 mg/L MUTAEX 3,23,1988
cytogenetic analysis hamster fibroblast 15 mg/L MUREAV 189,319,1987
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 1 gm/L/27 hour MUREAV 66,277,1979
cytogenetic analysis human leukocyte 10 mg/L AJOGAH 103,836,1969
cytogenetic analysis intravenous
mouse 		3.13 mg/kg EMS37* -,437,2006
cytogenetic analysis unreported route
woman 		328 mg/kg/78 week AJOGAH 107,456,1970
dominant lethal test oral
mouse 		326 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent NULSAK 22,192,1979
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 958 nmol/plate (-enzymatic activation step) CNREA8 38,4478,1978
micronucleus test hamster lung 10 mg/L MUREAV 287,71,1993
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		40 mg/kg/24 hour CARYAB 39,193,1986
micronucleus test intravenous
mouse 		18.78 mg/kg/6 day MUREAV 632,89,2007
morphological transform hamster embryo 30 mg/L MUREAV 343,7,1995
other mutation test systems hamster embryo 100 mg/L MUTAEX 3,23,1988
other mutation test systems subcutaneous
rat 		25 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent CYTBAI 64,81,1990
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		200 mg SOGEBZ 7,1042,1971
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction hamster fibroblast 100 mg/L MUREAV 122,201,1983
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction hamster embryo 100 mg/L MUTAEX 3,23,1988
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction hamster lung 75 mg/L MUREAV 189,319,1987
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction human lymphocyte 25 mg/L MUREAV 287,57,1993
sperm morphology oral
mouse 		300 mg/kg/15 day- continuous CYTBAI 36,45,1983


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intramuscular
cat 		lowest published toxic dose: 16,580 µg/kg (20-53 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral NRTXDN 7,319,1986
intramuscular
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,700 µg/kg (11 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system PWPSA8 35,47,1992
intraperitoneal
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 122 mg/kg (11-13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		JDREAF 58,2011,1979
intraperitoneal
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities 		LIFSAK 29,2141,1981
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) PHBHA4 4,677,1969
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg (10 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		ARANDR 3,31,1979
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 12,500 µg/kg (16-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system 		AKGIAO 67(5),67,1991
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg (13-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral IJEBA6 34,1095,1996
intravenous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg (11 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		CJPPA3 57,556,1979
intravenous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) CJPPA3 57,556,1979
intravenous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) CJPPA3 57,556,1979
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (1 day after birth) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Postpartum 		LIFSAK 72,1093,2003
intravenous
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 µg/kg (39 week pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system JOGBAS 79,635,1972
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,275 mg/kg (91 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina 		OYYAA2 20,1105,1980
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		CJPPA3 57,556,1979
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) CJPPA3 57,556,1979
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg (9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) CJPPA3 57,556,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 504 mg/kg (1-21 day pregnant/21 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral PLRCAT 9,325,1977
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg (5 day male/15 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) RCOCB8 13,601,1976
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg (13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TXAPA9 32,53,1975
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) TXAPA9 32,53,1975
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 828 mg/kg (5 day male/3 week prior to copulation-3 week after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		PLRCAT 9,187,1977
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 312 mg/kg (26 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition RCOCB8 11,155,1975
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,500 mg/kg (14 day prior to copulation/1-7 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) 		OYYAA2 15,813,1978
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 gm/kg (8-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		OYYAA2 15,797,1978
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 675 mg/kg (17-22 day pregnant/21 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		OYYAA2 17,787,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg (13-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		NTOTDY 5,565,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 220 mg/kg (1-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		BEXBAN 78,1156,1974
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg (35 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct KSRNAM 20,1445,1986
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 11.1 gm/kg (7 day male/7 day prior to copulation-4 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) NTIS** #PB92190578
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 9.98 gm/kg (7 day male/7 day prior to copulation/21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		NTIS** #PB92190578
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 66 mg/kg (1-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear TOLED5 135,S92,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,050 mg/kg (7 day male/7 day prior to copulation/21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) NTIS** #PB92190578
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 285 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		NTIS** #PB92190578
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 285 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system 		NTIS** #PB92190578
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 650 mg/kg (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) IYKEDH 10,52,1979
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 325 mg/kg (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system OYYAA2 17,673,1979
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,170 mg/kg (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death JZKEDZ 7,79,1981
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 22,800 µg/kg (25-36 week pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Drug dependence JOPDAB 90,123,1977
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 11,600 µg/kg (43 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) TJADAB 30,179,1984
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (36 week pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system BJOGAS 100,185,1993
parenteral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 13,750 µg/kg (14-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects TIVIEQ 8,1061,1994
parenteral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 17,500 µg/kg (14-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic DBRRDB 121,157,2000
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 45 mg/kg (9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system 		DGDFA5 22,61,1980
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 32,400 µg/kg (6-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) PWPSA8 36,117,1993
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg (6-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects PWPSA8 41,167,1998
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg (14-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		NTOTDY 8,279,1986
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 µg/kg (15-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic TOLED5 16,131,1983
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg (13-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical PSCHDL 79,332,1983
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (8-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		PSCHDL 83,51,1984
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg (1-21 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical 		IITOEF 21,247,1999
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 8,750 µg/kg (14-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical 		JOENAK 166,163,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10.5 mg/kg (14-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects 		EURNE* 13,209,2003
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg (13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) TJADAB 35,53A,1987


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 42 gm/kg/80 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		TXAPA9 57,39,1981


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intracerebral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 148.15 µg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety EJPHAZ 553,185,2006
intracerebral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 15.87 µg/kg/1 minute Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold ARTODN 80,502,2006
intramuscular
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.47 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant TXAPA9 188,69,2003
intramuscular
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.25 mg/kg Behavioral: Food intake (animal) PSCHDL 158,28,2001
intramuscular
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 mg/kg Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 304,1072,2003
intramuscular
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 65 mg/kg N/R EJPHAZ 13,150,1971
intramuscular
pigeon 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 mg/kg Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 304,1072,2003
intramuscular
pigeon 		lowest published toxic dose: 9.3 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning JPETAB 317,409,2006
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg/1 hour Blood: Change in clotting factors BIPHEX 54,311,2000
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Antianxiety

Endocrine: Other changes 		NEROEW 29,59,2004
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant DCTODJ 27,213,2004
intramuscular
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 181 µg/kg Behavioral: General anesthetic

Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Cardiac: Change in rate 		BMJOAE 1,144,1977
intraperitoneal
cat 		lowest published toxic dose: 500,000 mg/m3 Behavioral: Anticonvulsant FATOAO 50,33,1987
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 304,1072,2003
intraperitoneal
gerbil 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Anticonvulsant

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		EJPHAZ 536,241,2006
intraperitoneal
mammal (species unspecified) 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety NEROEW 27,357,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 37 mg/kg N/R STRAAA 127,245,1965
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold LIFSAK 69,2167,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 8.3 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 		BPBLEO 24,1068,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 298,753,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Ear: Changes in vestibular functions JPETAB 298,753,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning 		FATOAO 48,50,1985
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.63 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) FATOAO 52,27,1989
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.13 mg/kg Behavioral: Muscle weakness FATOAO 52,27,1989
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.33 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) FATOAO 52,27,1989
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Antianxiety

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning 		EKFAE9 57,5,1994
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning EKFAE9 58,18,1995
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning 		EKFAE9 59,3,1996
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Antianxiety 		INJPD2 33,417,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning 		NNAPBA 366,551,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia PSCHDL 168,417,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety PSCHDL 170,33,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.7 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) 		PSCHDL 170,33,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.25 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		JPETAB 309,86,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.3 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes JPETAB 316,1378,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests EJPHAZ 547,106,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning BPBLEO 29,1154,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) 		BJPCBM 145,293,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease PSCHDL 190,233,2007
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPHSC* 105,272,2007
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant BMCPH* 3,3,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant

Behavioral: Ataxia 		BMCPH* 3,3,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.25 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant

Behavioral: Muscle weakness 		BMCPH* 3,3,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Sleep FTRPAE 70,244,1999
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Antianxiety 		FTRPAE 75,457,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 46,500 µg/kg N/R IYKEDH 23,682,1992
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Behavioral: Muscle weakness

Behavioral: Antianxiety 		EJPHAZ 415,181,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins

Blood: Other changes 		NUNDAJ 34,369,1982
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.74 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) JPETAB 294,909,2000
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.85 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) 		JPETAB 294,909,2000
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG

Behavioral: Antianxiety

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 298,753,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Ear: Changes in vestibular functions JPETAB 298,753,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.9 mg/kg Behavioral: Muscle weakness JPETAB 298,753,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.16 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety FATOAO 49,23,1986
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant FATOAO 53,52,1990
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning EKFAE9 57,5,1994
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Wakefulness

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		FATOAO 48,21,1985
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Antianxiety 		EKFAE9 60,10,1997
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning PSCHDL 166,408,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		PSCHDL 156,417,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section 		PSCHDL 156,417,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Endocrine: Other changes

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response 		EJPHAZ 478,97,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Endocrine: Adrenal cortex hyperplasia

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		LIFSAK 72,2361,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.25 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG EJPHAZ 495,119,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		NRTXDN 26,173,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests JPETAB 316,1291,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety

Behavioral: Analgesia 		EJPHAZ 547,83,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		EJPHAZ 550,112,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning 		TOSCF2 95,443,2007
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia TOSCF2 95,443,2007
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) FTRPAE 74,23,2003
intraspinal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.9 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),79,2006
intravenous
infant 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 µg/kg Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		BMJOAE 2,298,1977
intravenous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 143 µg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		JAMAAP 238,1052,1977
intravenous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 71 µg/kg/1 minute- continuous Vascular: Other changes DICPBB 17,125,1983
intravenous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.143 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) BMCCP* 4,3,2004
intravenous
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests JPETAB 313,658,2005
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg N/R ARZNAD 31,2180,1981
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 32 mg/kg N/R CTCEA9 7,590,1965
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS EJPHAZ 466,255,2003
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) TOXID9 44,414,2005
intravenous
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9 mg/kg Eye: Other eye effects

Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy) 		IJNEAQ 5,305,1966
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina FATOAO 51,62,1988
oral
cat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression 		FATOAO 44,650,1981
oral
cat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.25 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia FATOAO 44,650,1981
oral
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 700 mg/kg N/R ENTOX* -,783,2005
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		PSCHDL 155,204,2001
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.71 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests PSCHDL 173,88,2004
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 mg/kg Eye: Other eye effects

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		NEROEW 29,1386,2004
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.143 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests

Behavioral: Aggression 		PSCHDL 178,100,2005
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.124 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Behavioral: Antianxiety 		JOPSEQ 20,485,2006
oral
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg N/R DANKAS 320,242,1991
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 143 µg/kg Eye: Visual field changes

Eye: Diplopia 		BCPHBM 1,335,1974
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 mg/kg Behavioral: Fluid intake

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		INJPD2 33,357,2001
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 28.6 mg/kg Behavioral: Sleep VHTODE 43,174,2001
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.14 mg/kg Endocrine: Change in GH JCEMAZ 48,119,1979
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.71 mg/kg Behavioral: Sleep

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		NEROEW 28,1198,2003
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.14 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning PSCHDL 173,88,2004
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.128 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests JOPSEQ 21,93,2007
oral
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 5.6 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning JPETAB 300,1017,2002
oral
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.61 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety JPETAB 303,777,2002
oral
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Fluid intake

Behavioral: Antipsychotic 		PSCHDL 155,135,2001
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 48 mg/kg N/R PCJOAU 17,30,1983
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg N/R JOETD7 76,145,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 298,753,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.49 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant JPETAB 303,777,2002
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6.3 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant

Behavioral: Ataxia 		JPETAB 303,777,2002
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Autonomic Nervous System: Smooth muscle relaxant (mechanism undefined, spasmolytic) MOCAE8 59,442,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety BJPCBM 142,1059,2004
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Behavioral: Muscle weakness 		BJPCBM 142,1059,2004
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning BJPCBM 142,1059,2004
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia JOPSEQ 19,221,2005
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.8 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold JPETAB 308,127,2004
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease JPETAB 313,831,2005
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		JPETAB 313,831,2005
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Antianxiety 		EJPHAZ 531,160,2006
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) JPETAB 316,1335,2006
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests EJPHAZ 553,171,2006
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) JPHSC* 106,361,2008
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 249 mg/kg N/R NIIRDN -,500,1995
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Endocrine: Change in LH PHTOEH 71,75,1992
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Endocrine: Other changes JPPMAB 31,23,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning EKFAE9 59,6,1996
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease JPETAB 301,333,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG

Behavioral: Antianxiety 		BJPCBM 142,1059,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant EJPHAZ 494,147,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve

Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy) 		TOXID9 66,264,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.53 mg/kg Reproductive: Other effects on male JPETAB 308,127,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 314,717,2005
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety FCTOD7 44,1327,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 316,410,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Antianxiety 		EJPHAZ 553,171,2006
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 328 mg/kg N/R CTCEA9 7,590,1965
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) BJOGAS 100,185,1993
parenteral
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): >800 mg/kg N/R NIIRDN -,500,1995
parenteral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kg N/R USXXAM #4371536
parenteral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety PSCHDL 158,241,2001
parenteral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 131 mg/kg N/R NIIRDN -,500,1995
parenteral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.2 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety PSCHDL 158,241,2001
rectal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg N/R YAKUD5 34,2226,1992
rectal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 600 mg/kg N/R YAKUD5 34,2226,1992
subcutaneous
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 mg/kg Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 304,1072,2003
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 800 mg/kg N/R USXXAM #3966793
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		JPETAB 297,247,2001
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) JPETAB 297,247,2001
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.94 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia NEROEW 28,1235,2003
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests JPETAB 304,818,2003
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety JPETAB 321,237,2007
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6,350 µg/kg N/R IYKEDH 23,682,1992
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning JPETAB 299,782,2001
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning 		PBBHAU 2,619,1974
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 2 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant TXCYAC 196,31,2004
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning

Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning 		PHTOEH 93,211,2003
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.47 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning PHTOEH 93,211,2003
skin
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 800 mg/kg N/R AREAD8 (4),57,1980
unreported route
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 110 mg/kg N/R PCJOAU 25,193,1991
unreported route
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 140 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Ataxia 		PCJOAU 18,266,1984
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.04 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant FATOAO 55,27,1992
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) 		HETOEA 24,109,2005
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia HETOEA 24,109,2005
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant NSAPCC ,55,2007
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),84,2006
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.125 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),84,2006


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/6 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in spleen

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response

Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response 		BIPHEX 54,311,2000
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/21 day- intermittent Behavioral: Excitement

Behavioral: Withdrawal 		IJEBA6 32,886,1994
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 16 mg/kg/16 day- intermittent Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests EJPHAZ 440,27,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/21 day- intermittent Behavioral: Tolerance

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response 		EJPHAZ 478,97,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests NEROEW 27,727,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		NEROEW 23,178,2000
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/21 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Behavioral: Tolerance

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		NEROEW 29,1852,2004
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Blood: Normocytic anemia

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		YACHDS 13(Suppl 4),S955,1985
oral
gerbil 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Behavioral: Anticonvulsant BJPCBM 142,811,2004
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.4 mg/kg/48 day- intermittent Behavioral: Antianxiety JKMSEH 18,581,2003
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/28 day- intermittent Behavioral: Wakefulness

Behavioral: Withdrawal

Skin and Appendages: Other: Sweating 		PSCHDL 178,259,2005
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 33.6 mg/kg/70 week- intermittent Behavioral: Aggression

Endocrine: Gynecomastia 		APHRER 39,201,2005
oral
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 18 gm/kg/52 week- intermittent Liver: Fatty liver degeneration

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		ARZNAD 37,906,1987
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 46,200 µg/kg/21 day- intermittent Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response TOLED5 13,129,1982
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Behavioral: Anticonvulsant JPETAB 298,753,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 78 mg/kg/13 day- intermittent Behavioral: Antianxiety

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 298,753,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 105 mg/kg/5 week- intermittent Behavioral: Anticonvulsant BJPCBM 145,880,2005
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,354 mg/kg/22 week- continuous Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes PHRSEJ 48,143,1999
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,250 mg/kg/30 day- continuous Endocrine: Adrenal cortex hyperplasia

Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Na 		KSRNAM 11,529,1977
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6,825 mg/kg/13 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased

Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		KSRNAM 11,529,1977
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,800 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes 		KSRNAM 11,529,1977
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 17,500 mg/kg/35 day- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		OYYAA2 15,247,1978
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 930 mg/kg/31 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight 		OYYAA2 15,777,1978
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 14,112 mg/kg/56 week- continuous Gastrointestinal: Changes in pancreatic weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight 		TXAPA9 16,556,1970
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/12 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain JPPMAB 31,23,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 630 gm/kg/28 day- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain NTIS** #PB92190578
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 273 gm/kg/4 week- continuous Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NTIS** #PB92190578
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Behavioral: Anticonvulsant EKFAE9 59,14,1996
rectal
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 728 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight 		YAKUD5 34,2226,1992
rectal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,500 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Behavioral: Sleep

Behavioral: Ataxia 		YAKUD5 34,2226,1992
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/60 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: K 		BTERDG 57,239,1997


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMSUDL 7,189,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMSUDL 7,189,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 66,37,1996
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 66,37,1996
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 66,37,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DNSYAG 36,23,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLANA4 10(Pt1),207,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
INTEAG 15,7,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLCHAU 19,361,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FNSCA6 2,67,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JFSCAS 45,649,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JPETAB 300,2,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CTOXAO 17,85,1980
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 488,151,2001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 144,383,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EMMUEG 43,143,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 24,542,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EMMUEG 45,271,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EMMUEG 45,271,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AINCM* 5,132,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AINCM* 7,63,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EJIME* 17,529,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,783,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EJPHAZ 553,10,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BCLPT* 96,131,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AJEMEN 22,404,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTEHD6 9,1,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PAREAQ 56,103,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ITODC* -,327,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HUTOX* -,281,1996


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
N/R N/R N/R


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: A1048;
Number of Industries 1;
Total Number of Facilities 111;
Number of Occupations 1;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 361
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: A1048;
Number of Industries 3;
Total Number of Facilities 264;
Number of Occupations 10;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 20,649;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 17,773


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Body fluid assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
AINCM* Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (Abingdon: Medicine Pub. Co.) V.1- 2000-
AJEMEN American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA) V.1- 1983-
AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920-
AKGIAO Akushcherstvo i Ginekologiya (Moscow). (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1936-
APHRER Annals of Pharmacotherpy. (Harvey Whitney Books Co., POB 42696, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V. 26- 1992-
ARANDR Archives of Andrology. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1978-
AREAD8 Anesteziologiya i Reanimatologiya. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1977-
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
BCLPT* Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology (Copenhagen, Denmark : Nordic Pharmacological Society Oxford, UK : Distributed by Blackwell Munksgaard) V.94- 2004-
BCPHBM British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1974-
BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation). Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.41- 1956-
BIPHEX Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (Editions Scientifiques et Medicales Elsevier, Journals Fulfilment Department, 23 rue Linois, F -75724 Paris Cedex 15, France OR Editions Scientifiques et Medicales Elsevier, P.O.BOX 7247-7576, Philadelphia, PA 19170-7576,USA) V. 36- Jan.1982-)
BJOGAS British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.82- 1975-
BJPCBM British Journal of Pharmacology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.34- 1968-
BMCCP*
BMCPH* BioMedCentral Pharmacology (Biomed Central Ltd) -
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857-
BPBLEO Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. (Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2-12-15-201 Shibuya Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.16- 1993-
BTERDG Biological Trace Element Research. (Humana Press Inc., POB 2148, Clifton, NJ 07015) V.1- 1979-
CARYAB Caryologia. (Via G. LaPira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy) V.1- 1948-
CJPPA3 Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. (National Research Council of Canada, Publication Sales and Distribution, Ottawa ON K1A OR6, Canada) V.42- 1964-
CLANA4 Clinical Anesthesia. (Philadelphia, PA 19103) V.1-11, 1963-76.
CLCHAU Clinical Chemistry (Winston-Salem, NC). (American Assoc. for Clinical Chemistry, 1725 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1955-
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
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Used as a drug for the treatment of anxiety

FDA-proprietary drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

ALT CAS #: 11100-37-1
ALT CAS #: 53320-84-6
 Click Here for Additional Information about RTECS

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