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Barbituric acid, 5 - ethyl - 5 - phenyl -

RTECS #: CQ6825000

CAS #: 50-06-6

UPDATE: May 2009 MW: 232.26 MF: C12H12N2O3


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 2,4,6 (1H,3H,5H) - Pyrimidinetrione, 5 - ethyl - 5 - phenyl -
  2. 5 - Ethyl - 5 - phenylbarbituric acid
  3. 5 - Ethyl - 5 - phenyl - 2,4,6 - (1H,3H,5H) pyrimidinetrione
  4. 5 - Phenyl - 5 - ethylbarbituric acid
  5. Acido 5 - fenil - 5 - etilbarbiturico (Italian)
  6. Adonal
  7. Aephenal
  8. Agrypnal
  9. Amylofene
  10. Aphenylbarbit
  11. Aphenyletten
  12. Austrominal
  13. Barbenyl
  14. Barbiphenyl
  15. Barbipil
  16. Barbita
  17. Barbivis
  18. Barbonal
  19. Barbophen
  20. Bialminal
  21. Blu - phen
  22. Cardenal
  23. Cratecil
  24. Dormiral
  25. Doscalun
  26. Duneryl
  27. Eskabarb
  28. Etilfen
  29. Euneryl
  30. Fenemal
  31. Fenobarbital
  32. Gardenal
  33. Gardepanyl
  34. Helional
  35. Hysteps
  36. Lepinal
  37. Lepinaletten
  38. Liquital
  39. Lixophen
  40. Lubergal
  41. Lubrokal
  42. Luminal
  43. Lumofridetten
  44. Luphenil
  45. Luramin
  46. Molinal
  47. Neurobarb
  48. Nirvonal
  49. Noptil
  1. Nova - pheno
  2. Nunol
  3. PHOB
  4. Parkotal
  5. Pharmetten
  6. Phen - Bar
  7. Phenaemal
  8. Phenemal
  9. Phenobal
  10. Phenobarbital
  11. Phenobarbitone
  12. Phenobarbituric acid
  13. Phenobarbyl
  14. Phenoluric
  15. Phenolurio
  16. Phenomet
  17. Phenonyl
  18. Phenoturic
  19. Phenyl - ethyl - barbituric acid
  20. Phenylethylbarbiturate
  21. Phenylethylmalonylurea
  22. Phenyletten
  23. Phenyral
  24. SK - Phenobarbital
  25. Seda - Tablinen
  26. Sedabar
  27. Sedicat
  28. Sedizorin
  29. Sedlyn
  30. Sedofen
  31. Sedonal
  32. Sedonettes
  33. Sedophen
  34. Sevenal
  35. Spasepilin
  36. Starifen
  37. Starilettae
  38. Stental
  39. Stental extentabs
  40. Teolaxin
  41. Thenobarbital
  42. Theoloxin
  43. Theominal
  44. Triabarb
  45. Triphenatol
  46. Versomnal
  47. Zadoletten
  48. Zadonal


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 15 mmol/L PMRSDJ 5,433,1985
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 2 gm/L/48 hour GMCRDC 27,95,1981
cytogenetic analysis hamster liver 100 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,397,1985
cytogenetic analysis human leukocyte 400 mg/L/90 minute CHDDAT 268,191,1969
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 10 mg/L MUREAV 204,623,1988
cytogenetic analysis oral
mouse 		3,332 µg/kg IJEBA6 22,666,1984
cytogenetic analysis oral
mouse 		45 mg/kg/30 day- intermittent FCTOD7 46,1474,2008
dominant lethal test oral
mouse 		210 mg/kg/5 day- continuous FCTOD7 21,335,1983
DNA adduct oral
mouse 		600 mg/kg/10 day- continuous TXAPA9 226,338,2008
DNA damage human other cell types 1 mmol/L/3 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 16,439,2001
DNA damage rat liver 1 mmol/L MUREAV 368,59,1996
DNA inhibition rat liver 1,500 µmol/L JCROD7 116,259,1990
unscheduled DNA synthesis oral
mouse 		400 mg/kg/4 day- continuous CALEDQ 48,43,1989
unscheduled DNA synthesis oral
rat 		4,410 mg/kg/21 week- continuous CALEDQ 33,119,1986
unscheduled DNA synthesis rat liver 100 pmol/L CRNGDP 6,811,1985
mutation in microorganisms mouse lymphocyte 2 gm/L (+enzymatic activation step) PMRSDJ 5,587,1985
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 100 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 147,255,1985
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 500 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) PMRSDJ 5,187,1985
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 2,800 mg/L/2 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 578,210,2005
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1,500 mg/L/2 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 578,210,2005
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 500 mg/L (+/-enzymatic activation step) PMRSDJ 5,271,1985
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		18 mg/kg MUREAV 563,1,2004
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		22.5 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent FCTOD7 46,1474,2008
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 500 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,271,1985
mutation in mammalian somatic cells human lymphocyte 1 gm/L PMRSDJ 5,497,1985
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 500 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,587,1985
morphological transform hamster embryo 100 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,665,1985
morphological transform hamster embryo 10 mg/L/6 day MUREAV 572,45,2005
morphological transform mouse embryo 667 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,639,1985
morphological transform oral
rat 		1,260 mg/kg/6 week CRNGDP 9,387,1988
other mutation test systems mouse liver 3 mmol/L MUREAV 448,193,2000
other mutation test systems Salmonella typhimurium 1 gm/L MUREAV 192,239,1987
phage inhibition capacity intraperitoneal
rat 		240 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent HPTLD9 8,1051,1988
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 15 mmol/L PMRSDJ 5,433,1985
sister chromatid exchange hamster lung 10 mg/L BJCAAI 45,769,1982
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		2 mg/6 day SOGEBZ 11,718,1975
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction Saccharomyes cerevisiae 430 µmol/L MUREAV 144,67,1985
specific locus test oral
mouse 		54,000 mg/kg/180 day- continuous BCPCA6 62,685,2001
specific locus test oral
rat 		49,350 mg/kg/47 week- continuous CALEDQ 135,215,1999
sperm morphology oral
mouse 		72 mg/kg MUREAV 563,1,2004
sperm morphology oral
mouse 		90 mg/kg/60 day- intermittent FCTOD7 46,1474,2008


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg (18-20 day pregnant/15 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system 		TJADAB 26,21,1982
intramuscular
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 175 gm/kg (20-27 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic AJOGAH 124,529,1976
intraperitoneal
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility PSEBAA 162,170,1979
intraperitoneal
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg (9-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system ABBIA4 134,76,1969
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg (8-10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TJADAB 1,393,1968
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg (8-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) ACATA5 58,217,1964
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (17-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic AJANA2 138,449,1973
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg (1-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities 		AJOGAH 107,1250,1970
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg (19-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus TXAPA9 73,457,1984
multiple
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 340 mg/kg (20-22 day pregnant/7 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects AIPTAK 187,155,1970
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg (5 day male) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 		FCTOD7 21,335,1983
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) TXCYAC 6,323,1976
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 33 mg/kg (9-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical IJMDAI 14,929,1978
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,600 mg/kg (9-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		PSCHDL 68,301,1980
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,080 mg/kg (16-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system ACATA5 108,370,1980
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 63 gm/kg (1-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material) TJADAB 25(1),15A,1982
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg (9-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system BRBUDU 46,203,1998
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg (9-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		TJADAB 19,54A,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg (9-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects 		TJADAB 19,54A,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 880 mg/kg (7-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) 		SEIJBO 19,178,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 440 mg/kg (7-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system TJADAB 20,157,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (4-8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion 		FESTAS 22,735,1971
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg (7-10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		JPETAB 227,274,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 800 mg/kg (6-13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death TJADAB 24,1,1981
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg (1-7 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic SCIEAS 211,719,1981
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg (7-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) JPETAB 227,274,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 810 mg/kg (1 day pregnant-5 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		EKFAE9 56,36,1993
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		EKFAE9 56,38,1993
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg (8-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) 		TXAPA9 10,244,1967
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg (8-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system 		TXAPA9 10,244,1967
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 536 mg/kg (3-31 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic 		FOMOAJ 38,259,1979
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 151 mg/kg (27-39 week pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Drug dependence 		JOPDAB 80,190,1972
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,600 µg/kg (26 week pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic 		AJOGAH 159,1491,1988
parenteral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 µg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina PPHAD4 5,157,1985
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg (15-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral DEPBA5 8,305,1975
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) PPHAD4 1,55,1980
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility PSEBAA 139,741,1972
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg (5-8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral TJEMAO 89,265,1966
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg (12-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects 		EXMDA4 (551),250,1981
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg (17-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects 		PPHAD4 2,85,1982
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility FESTAS 12,346,1961
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg (17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects SCIEAS 216,640,1982
unreported route
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 491 mg/kg (1-39 week pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Body wall

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system 		LANCAO 2,839,1972
unreported route
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 907 mg/kg (1-36 week pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects 		LANCAO 2,839,1972
unreported route
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 529 mg/kg (1-42 week pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Gastrointestinal system LANCAO 2,839,1972
unreported route
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 454 mg/kg (1-36 week pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system LANCAO 2,839,1972


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 22 gm/kg/1 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		JNCIAM 51,1349,1973
oral
mouse 		toxic dose : 38 gm/kg/90 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Liver: Tumors 		FCTXAV 11,433,1973
oral
mouse 		toxic dose : 5,200 mg/kg/52 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		53HJAC -,145,1984
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,150 mg/kg/15 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens

Liver: Tumors 		CALEDQ 157,87,2000
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 44,800 mg/kg/25 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens

Liver: Tumors 		CALEDQ 147,11,1999
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 319,200 mg/kg/114 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		VOONC* 37,297,1991
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 14,700 mg/kg/35 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens

Liver: Tumors 		NSAPCC 375(Suppl 1),87,2007
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 14,700 mg/kg/35 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens

Liver: Tumors 		NSAPCC 375(Suppl 1),87,2007
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,560 mg/kg/36 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Cells (cultured) transformed 		GANNA2 69,679,1978
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 4,200 mg/kg/20 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Cells (cultured) transformed 		CALEDQ 5,139,1978
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 30 mg/kg/78 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		CRNGDP 10,183,1989
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 3,990 mg/kg/19 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors

Tumorigenic: Cells (cultured) transformed 		CRNGDP 4,935,1983
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 2,520 mg/kg/12 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors

Tumorigenic: Cells (cultured) transformed 		CRNGDP 4,935,1983
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 2,100 mg/kg/12 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors

Tumorigenic: Cells (cultured) transformed 		IGAYAY 123,1069,1982
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,260 mg/kg/6 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens 		CALEDQ 141,211,1999


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intracerebral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 µg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving segmental distribution BJMRDK 34,397,2001
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration : >4,100 µg/m3/4 hour Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Blood: Other changes 		TOVEFN (1),39,2000
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4.1 mg/m3/4 hour Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition 		TOVEFN (1),40,2000
intramuscular
infant 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma PEDIAU 77,848,1986
intramuscular
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 175 mg/kg N/R YAKUD5 23,2215,1981
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 88 mg/kg N/R PHARAT 52,926,1997
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TXAPA9 71,254,1983
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) FATOAO 53,52,1990
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 190 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold CYLPDN 22,361,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 46 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) PCJOAU 35,127,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving segmental distribution BJMRDK 34,397,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 84.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Ataxia 		EURNE* 15,609,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.3 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant AEPPAE 370,99,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg Behavioral: Antianxiety JPHSC* 104,153,2007
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg Behavioral: Sleep FTRPAE 70,25,1999
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 110 mg/kg N/R FMXXAJ #7157M
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		APTOA6 46,353,1980
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins

Endocrine: Change in LH 		LIFSAK 23,1507,1978
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		FATOAO 44,208,1981
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving segmental distribution BJMRDK 34,397,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant ARTODN 79,610,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg Endocrine: Change in LH

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis 		TOXID9 66,343,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TXCYAC 216,147,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TXCYAC 213,237,2005
intraperitoneal
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg N/R JPETAB 44,325,1932
intraspinal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 µg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia BJMRDK 34,397,2001
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 218 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Local anesthetic AIPTAK 191,405,1971
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 209 mg/kg N/R ARTODN 40,211,1978
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS EJPHAZ 466,255,2003
intravenous
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 187 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation 		ARZNAD 33,1168,1983
oral
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 125 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
oral
child 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/ intermittent Eye: Other eye effects

Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity 		CPEDAM 31,252,1992
oral
child 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Ataxia 		AJDCAI 130,507,1976
oral
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) SMWOAS 85,305,1955
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 130 mg/kg N/R AIPTAK 91,437,1952
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase 		JAMAAP 116,700,1941
oral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 6,485 µg/kg/2 week- intermittent Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, allergic

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase 		AIMEAS 13,1243,1940
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 137 mg/kg N/R PCJOAU 10,41,1976
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 11.7 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant EKFAE9 58,19,1995
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 12.8 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia JPETAB 308,127,2004
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 41.7 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold JPETAB 308,127,2004
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 112 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Muscle weakness 		TOVEFN (1),40,2000
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 112 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		TOVEFN (1),40,2000
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 -,170,2008
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 162 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 18,185,1971
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TXCYAC 188,171,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg Behavioral: Sleep PSCHDL 173,203,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Behavioral: Sleep

Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) 		PSCHDL 173,203,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) TOLED5 145,281,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) EJPHAZ 494,147,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) PSCHDL 173,203,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		TOLED5 150,157,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg Reproductive: Other effects on male JPETAB 308,127,2004
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 213 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Muscle weakness 		TOVEFN (1),40,2000
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 213 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		TOVEFN (1),40,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 92.8 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		TXCYAC 239,127,2007
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant AEPPAE 370,99,2004
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 185 mg/kg N/R NUPOBT 15,545,1977
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 46 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		CPEDAM 24,678,1985
oral
woman 		lowest published lethal dose: 25,272 µg/kg/13 day- intermittent Behavioral: Coma

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, allergic

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase 		CMAJAX 33,635,1935
parenteral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 111 µg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia EJPHAZ 483,233,2004
rectal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 284 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease

Behavioral: General anesthetic 		AACRAT 46,395,1967
subcutaneous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 125 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
subcutaneous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
subcutaneous
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
subcutaneous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes 		TXAPA9 121,279,1993
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 228 mg/kg N/R ARZNAD 30,477,1980
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response TXCYAC 188,29,2003
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg N/R AEPPAE 152,341,1930
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 12.5 mg/kg Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section PHTOEH 86,59,2000
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg N/R JACSAT 45,243,1923
unreported route
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 320 mg/kg N/R RUXXAF #1589585
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.6 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant FATOAO 55,27,1992
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 96 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia FATOAO 55,27,1992
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes 		TOXID9 66,10,2002


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) ABBIA4 134,76,1969
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		BJPCBM 126,1634,1999
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		BCPCA6 62,161,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		BCPCA6 62,249,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) FATOAO 52,53,1989
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TXAPA9 180,1,2002
intraperitoneal
quail 		lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		JTEHD6 15,93,1985
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases 		ARZNAD 40,239,1990
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/12 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		NTIS** OTS0590101
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		TXAPA9 111,99,1991
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		TXAPA9 111,99,1991
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Liver: Change in gall bladder structure or function

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		BCPCA6 17,1049,1968
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 372 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		GEPHDP 18,165,1987
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 278.7 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		CJPPA3 63,1537,1985
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		BCPCA6 63,333,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg/8 day- intermittent Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Catecholamine levels in sympathetic nerves

Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum 		PCJOAU 37,4,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Liver: Liver function tests impaired TXAPA9 180,56,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) CBINA8 146,285,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		JAPTO* 23,453,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Endocrine: Differential effect of sex or castration on observed toxicity

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		CRTOEC 16,768,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Endocrine: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		TOXID9 90,25,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TOXID9 90,374,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) ACPSI* 24,831,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) TXAPA9 219,72,2007
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		TXAPA9 231,10,2008
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/3 week- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		TOPADD 15,49,2002
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg/8 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes FATOAO 53,48,1990
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes FATOAO 53,48,1990
oral
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 260 mg/kg/13 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		EJPHAZ 552,151,2006
oral
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 440 mg/kg/22 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases 		BJPCBM 148,786,2006
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 28 gm/kg/40 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight 		TXAPA9 96,494,1988
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,120 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TXAPA9 155,1,1999
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) 		FATOAO 55,46,1992
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,512 mg/kg/21 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		TXAPA9 188,6,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/10 day- continuous Liver: Other changes TOXID9 72,239,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg/3 day- continuous Liver: Other changes TOXID9 72,239,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg/14 day- continuous Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 60,158,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 27,300 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field TOXID9 60,278,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 27,300 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field TOXID9 60,278,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,820 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes TOXID9 60,278,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 13,650 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Liver: Other changes TOXID9 60,278,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/1 week- continuous Liver: Other changes TOXID9 60,286,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TOXID9 90,37,2006
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TOXID9 90,37,2006
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,610 mg/kg/1 week- continuous Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TXAPA9 214,178,2006
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/2 week- continuous Liver: Other changes NSAPCC 369(Suppl 1),R129,2004
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 630 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 -,170,2008
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,520 mg/kg/28 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 -,170,2008
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10.5 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Blood: Changes in spleen 		FCTOD7 46,1474,2008
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/3 day- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Liver: Other changes 		TXAPA9 226,338,2008
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/10 day- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain TXAPA9 226,338,2008
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 252 mg/kg/7 day- continuous Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunction

Endocrine: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TXAPA9 160,163,1999
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 8,400 mg/kg/12 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight 		TOSCF2 44,46,1998
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,120 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TXAPA9 155,1,1999
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6,480 mg/kg/90 day- continuous Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight 		TOSCF2 50,45,1999
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		TOVEFN (1),39,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/3 day- continuous Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects FCTOD7 39,541,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.4 gm/kg/4 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight 		TXAPA9 172,83,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,150 mg/kg/15 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight 		TXAPA9 94,254,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,150 mg/kg/15 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Other changes 		TXAPA9 94,254,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,050 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunction

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight 		TXAPA9 111,263,1991
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Endocrine: Other changes TXAPA9 111,263,1991
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg/2 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight

Endocrine: Other changes 		TXAPA9 99,216,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg/2 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Other changes 		TXAPA9 99,216,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 8,400 mg/kg/12 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight 		TXAPA9 99,216,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,800 mg/kg/4 week- continuous Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		TXAPA9 99,216,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,120 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Liver: Multiple effects

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		AMACCQ 44,123,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 125 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Blood: Luekopenia

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		FATOAO 50,52,1987
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 125 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		FATOAO 50,52,1987
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg/30 day- intermittent Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in humoral response FATOAO 50,52,1987
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		JTSCDR 25,121,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		JTSCDR 25,121,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes FATOAO 54,35,1991
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight TOXID9 72,284,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Withdrawal 		EURNE* 12,S60,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes TOXID9 72,360,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,032 mg/kg/28 day- continuous Liver: Other changes TOXID9 72,235,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 375 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight TOSCF2 69,79,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		TOSCF2 69,79,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) CBINA8 147,151,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases TOLED5 145,281,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,550 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 44,155,2005
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) TOXID9 44,100,2005
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight 		TOXID9 60,227,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg/30 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight NTPTR* RACB-20103
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,000 mg/kg/30 day- intermittent Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NTPTR* RACB-20103
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/20 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight 		NTPTR* RACB-20103
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,000 mg/kg/20 day- intermittent Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight NTPTR* RACB-20103
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		TOVEFN (1),40,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/30 day- intermittent Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Incontinence 		TOVEFN (1),40,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) MUTAEX 19,245,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.1 gm/kg/6 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases 		JPETAB 317,590,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 9.8 gm/kg/28 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors JPETAB 317,590,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 278.4 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight TXCYAC 239,127,2007
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,050 mg/kg/1 week- intermittent Behavioral: Antianxiety

Behavioral: Tolerance 		TOPADD 33,118,2005
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight 		TOPADD 33,118,2005
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,050 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),122,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,695 mg/kg/11 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight 		JTPAE7 17,267,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/2 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases 		JTPAE7 19,37,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg/14 day- continuous Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		BIJOAK 300,117,1994
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 256.4 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Liver: Jaundice (or hyperbilirubinemia) hepatocellular

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		CEXPB9 27,987,2000
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 28 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Blood: Thrombocytopenia APHRER 39,1367,2005
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		JPETAB 293,1027,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		JTEHD6 45,47,1995
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 21,840 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes TOXID9 60,278,2001
unreported route
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 35.7 mg/kg/3 week- intermittent Blood: Eosinophilia CLPTAT 14,727,1976
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight CLPTAT 14,727,1976
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		PHTOEH 73(Suppl 2),113,1993
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,800 mg/kg/60 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Liver: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains 		TOXID9 78,115,2004
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes TOXID9 66,301,2002
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Endocrine: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		TOXID9 66,342,2002


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 79,-,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 79,-,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2B IMEMDT 79,-,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NEJMAG 343,1608,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PLMJAP 6,160,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AUHPAI 4(1),5,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JRPMAP 12,27,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PHREA7 19,472,1939
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EPILAK 16,159,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PRSMA4 63,48,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 24,55,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BMJOAE 2,442,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 24,542,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
REPTED 22,214,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
REPTED 22,196,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AJDCAI 131,1337,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NRTXDN 7,287,1986
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ETOPFR 9,117,2001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ARPTDI 44,87,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 23,113,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 24,199,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DIMON* 39,678,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,209,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HETOEA 25,413,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOPADD 32(Suppl. 2),85,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOPADD 33,63,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOPADD 32(Suppl. 2),71,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AJEMEN 22,404,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 654,114,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PAREAQ 56,103,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 654,114,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTPAE7 19,57,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTPAE7 19,111,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTPAE7 19,155,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTPAE7 19,1,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JAADDB 56,181,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HUTOX* -,319,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
REPTED 26,42,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TXCYAC 254,184,2008


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 0.1 mg/m3, JUN2003


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 84369;
Number of Industries 4;
Total Number of Facilities 3,360;
Number of Occupations 22;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 15,081
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 84369;
Number of Industries 4;
Total Number of Facilities 810;
Number of Occupations 14;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 22,924;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 17,005


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: SHE-clonal assay; Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus
Used as a drug for the treatment of epilepsy, and as hypnotics and sedatives
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
53HJAC "Mouse Liver Neoplasia: Current Perspectives," Popp, J.A., ed., New York, Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1984
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DEPBA5 Developmental Psychobiology. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10158) V.1- 1968-
DIMON* Disease-a Month (Chicago : Year Book Publishers) V. 24- 1978-
EJPHAZ European Journal of Pharmacology. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1967-
EKFAE9 Eksperimental'naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. (Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, ul. B. Yakimanka, 39, 117049 Moscow, Russia) V.55- 1992-
ENTOX* Encyclopedia of Toxicology: Reference Book, Elsevier, 2005
EPILAK Epilepsia (New York). (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036) Ser.1-3: 1909-55; Ser.4: V.1- 1959-
ETOPFR Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V.1- Feb.1996-
EURNE* European Neuropsychopharmacology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V.1- Nov.1990-
EXMDA4 International Congress Series--Excerpta Medica. (Excerpta Medica, Inc., POB 3085, Princeton, NJ 08540) No.1- 1952-
FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939-
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
FESTAS Fertility and Sterility. (American Fertility Soc., 608 13th Ave. S, Birmingham, AL 35282) V.1- 1950-
FMXXAJ French Medicament Patent Document. (U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Foreign Patents, Washington, DC 20231) Discontinued.
FOMOAJ Folia Morphologica (Warsaw). (Panstwowy Zaklad Wydawnictw Lekarskich, ul. Dluga 38-40, 00 238 Warsaw, Poland) V.1- 1929-
FTRPAE Fitoterapia. (Inverni della Beffa SpA, via Ripamonti, 99, 20141 Milan, Italy) V.18- 1947-
GANNA2 Gann. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Tokyo, Japan) V.1-75, 1907-84. For publisher information, see JJCREP.
GEPHDP General Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.6- 1975-
GMCRDC Gann Monograph on Cancer Research. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No. 11- 1971-
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.)
HETOEA Human & Experimental Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 2XS, UK) V.9- 1990-
HPTLD9 Hepatology (Baltimore). (Williams & Wilkins Co., Waverly Press, 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1981-
HUTOX*
IGAYAY Igaku No Ayumi. Progress in Medicine. (Ishiyaku Shuppan K.K., 1-7-10, Honkomagom, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1946-
IJEBA6 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. (Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR, Hillside Rd., New Delhi 110 012, India) V.1- 1963-
IJMDAI Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. (POB 1435, Jerusalem 91013, Israel) V.1- 1965-
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
JAADDB Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) 1979-
JACSAT Journal of the American Chemical Society. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1879-
JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1883-
JAPTO* Journal of Applied Toxicology (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Oldlands Way Bognor Regis West Sussex, PO22 9SA England) V.1- 1981-
JCROD7 Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.93- 1979-
JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8.
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932-
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
JPHSC*
JRPMAP Journal of Reproductive Medicine. (2 Jacklynn Ct., St. Louis, MO 63132) V.3- 1969-
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
JTPAE7 Journal of Toxicologic Pathology. (Nihon Dokusei Byori Gakkai, editor, 3-25-8 Nishi- shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105, Japan) V.1- 1988
JTSCDR Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976-
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
LIFSAK Life Sciences. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1-8, 1962-69; V.14- 1974-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-
NEJMAG New England Journal of Medicine. (Massachusetts Medical Soc., 10 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115) V.198- 1928-
NRTXDN Neurotoxicology. (Intox Press, Inc., POB 34075, Little Rock, AR 72203) V.1- 1979-
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NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
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TOVEFN Toksikologicheskii Vestnik. (18-20 Vadkovskii per. Moscow, 101479, Russia) History Unknown
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TPHSDY Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1979-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
VOONC* Voprosi oncologii (Questions of oncology. Journal of Petrov's Institute of Oncology, B. Zelenina str, 43a, Spb 197110, Russia) V.1- 1955-
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Used as a drug for the treatment of epilepsy, and as hypnotics and sedatives

FDA-over the counter drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

ALT CAS #: 11097-06-6
 Click Here for Additional Information about RTECS

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