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Azirino (2',3':3,4) pyrrolo (1,2 - a) indole - 4,7 - dione, 6 - amino - 1,1a,2,8,8a,8b - hexahydro - 8 - (hydroxymethyl) - 8a - methoxy - 5 - methyl - , carbamate (ester)

RTECS #: CN0700000

CAS #: 50-07-7

UPDATE: May 2009 MW: 334.37 MF: C15H18N4O5


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  9. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  10. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 7 - Amino - 9 - alpha - methoxymitosane
  2. Ametycin
  3. Ametycine
  4. MMC
  5. Mitocin - C
  6. Mitomycin
  7. Mitomycin C
  8. Mitomycin - C
  1. Mitomycinum
  2. Mitomycyna C (Polish)
  3. Mutamycin
  4. Mytomycin
  5. NCI - C04706
  6. NSC 26980
  7. RCRA waste number U010


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
chicken 		2 mg/kg MUREAV 292,231,1993
cytogenetic analysis oral
chicken 		2 mg/kg MUREAV 292,231,1993
cytogenetic analysis parenteral
chicken 		847 ng/kg 47JMAE -,137,1982
cytogenetic analysis parenteral
Drosophila melanogaster 		100 mg/L GNLEAM 3,7,1973
cytogenetic analysis Drosophila melanogaster other cell types 500 µg/L MUREAV 107,93,1983
cytogenetic analysis grasshopper embryo 100 nmol/L ENMUDM 7,547,1985
cytogenetic analysis grasshopper other cell types 10 µmol/L ENMUDM 6,402,1984
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
hamster 		2 mg/kg AMBNAS 23,103,1975
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 30 µg/L GMCRDC 27,95,1981
cytogenetic analysis hamster fibroblast 50 nmol/L MUREAV 28,459,1975
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 2,500 µg/L ATSUDG 5,349,1982
cytogenetic analysis hamster other cell types 80 mg/L/10 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 472,75,2000
cytogenetic analysis hamster other cell types 0.2 mg/L/24 hour MUREAV 492,39,2001
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 0.8 mg/L/20 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 494,41,2001
cytogenetic analysis hamster other cell types 0.5 mg/L/19 hour MUREAV 497,63,2001
cytogenetic analysis hamster fibroblast 0.4 mg/L/48 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 16,183,2001
cytogenetic analysis hamster other cell types 0.1 mg/L MUREAV 515,181,2002
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 1 mg/L/14 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 17,201,2002
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 0.7 mg/L/3 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 17,261,2002
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 0.4 mg/L/3 hour MUREAV 498,117,2001
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 0.3 mg/L/24 hour (-enzymatic activation step) JTSCDR 26,243,2001
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 0.4 mg/L/48 hour (+enzymatic activation step) FCTOD7 40,599,2002
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 0.5 mg/L/2 hour MUREAV 540,29,2003
cytogenetic analysis hamster fibroblast 50 µg/L/6 hour (-enzymatic activation step) RTOPDW 37,293,2003
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 0.1 mg/L/6 hour (-enzymatic activation step) FCTOD7 44,354,2006
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 300 µg/L/24 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 20,29,2005
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 0.2 mg/L/24 hour (+enzymatic activation step) JTEHF8 68,1841,2005
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 60 nmol/L MUREAV 160,95,1986
cytogenetic analysis human fibroblast 1 mg/L MUREAV 261,57,1991
cytogenetic analysis human HeLa cell 10 µmol/L TXCYAC 9,21,1978
cytogenetic analysis human leukocyte 100 µg/L/24 hour GENTAE 51,181,1965
cytogenetic analysis human fibroblast 100 µg/L TRBMAV 27,409,1969
cytogenetic analysis human lung 2,500 µg/L ATSUDG 5,349,1982
cytogenetic analysis human other cell types 1 µmol/L REXMAS 189,409,1989
cytogenetic analysis human other cell types 5 µmol/L MUREAV 311,21,1994
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 350 µg/L/18 hour IJTOFN 19,69,2000
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 0.5 mg/L/22 hour MUREAV 497,63,2001
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 0.5 mg/L/21 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 497,89,2001
cytogenetic analysis human sperm 5 mg/L/120 minute (+enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 504,183,2002
cytogenetic analysis human sperm 5 mg/L/120 minute (-enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 504,183,2002
cytogenetic analysis human other cell types 0.6 mg/L/48 hour MUREAV 504,57,2002
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 0.6 µg/plate/20 hour MUREAV 514,19,2002
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 0.3 mg/L/22 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 557,85,2004
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 0.1 mg/L/25 hour TCMUD8 23,99,2003
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 0.25 mg/L/4 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 560,147,2004
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 0.25 mg/L/20 hour (-enzymatic activation step) RTOPDW 35,255,2002
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 0.5 mg/L/24 hour MUREAV 585,156,2005
cytogenetic analysis human other cell types 0.35 mg/L/4 hour MUREAV 578,100,2005
cytogenetic analysis mammal (species unspecified) lung 600 µg/L MUREAV 22,73,1974
cytogenetic analysis mammal (species unspecified) kidney 10 mg/L/8 hour- continuous FCTXAV 8,617,1970
cytogenetic analysis mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte 20 µg/L CGCYDF 3,161,1981
cytogenetic analysis intravenous
monkey 		1 mg/kg MUREAV 64,37,1979
cytogenetic analysis unreported route
monkey 		1 mg/kg EESADV 3,122,1979
cytogenetic analysis subcutaneous
mouse 		3 mg/kg JTSCDR 12,23,1987
cytogenetic analysis mouse lymphocyte 2,500 µg/L ATSUDG 5,349,1982
cytogenetic analysis mouse Ascites tumor 110 mg/kg BIZNAT 98,711,1979
cytogenetic analysis intravenous
mouse 		5 mg/kg MUREAV 60,329,1979
cytogenetic analysis unreported route
mouse 		2,500 µg/kg MUREAV 74,77,1980
cytogenetic analysis mouse fibroblast 100 µg/L BBACAQ 55,277,1962
cytogenetic analysis mouse other cell types 100 µg/L BBACAQ 55,277,1962
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
mouse 		1 mg/kg MUREAV 513,1,2002
cytogenetic analysis oral
mouse 		2 mg/kg MUREAV 514,223,2002
cytogenetic analysis mouse fibroblast 1 mg/L/48 hour TOSCF2 73,114,2003
cytogenetic analysis non-mammalian species kidney 2,500 µg/L ATSUDG 5,349,1982
cytogenetic analysis oral
non-mammalian species 		6 nmol/L MBLED7 3,163,1982
cytogenetic analysis non-mammalian species other cell types 500 µmol/L/5 hour- continuous AAMMAU 61,201,1972
cytogenetic analysis non-mammalian species lymphocyte 2 pmol/L ENMUDM 8,555,1986
cytogenetic analysis multiple
other fish 		20 mg/L MUREAV 399,125,1998
cytogenetic analysis other fish other cell types 5 µg/L/24 hour ENMUDM 4,181,1982
cytogenetic analysis other fish lymphocyte 500 pmol/L ENMUDM 8,555,1986
cytogenetic analysis parenteral
other insects 		1 µg NULSAK 22,23,1979
cytogenetic analysis intravenous
rat 		2 mg/kg JJIND8 67,831,1981
cytogenetic analysis subcutaneous
rat 		670 µg/kg JOHEA8 64,324,1973
cytogenetic analysis unreported route
rat 		750 µg/kg MUREAV 113,239,1983
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
rat 		2 mg/kg MUREAV 539,91,2003
cytogenetic analysis rat lymphocyte 0.5 mg/L/4 hour (-enzymatic activation step) RTOPDW 37,149,2003
dominant lethal test intraperitoneal
mouse 		2 mg/kg BECTA6 32,269,1984
dominant lethal test unreported route
mouse 		1 mg/kg MUREAV 74,77,1980
dominant lethal test multiple
other fish 		2,500 µg/L/24 hour MUREAV 125,221,1984
dominant lethal test parenteral
other insects 		500 mg/L MUREAV 7,231,1969
dominant lethal test parenteral
silkworm 		100 µmol/kg NISZAQ 46,205,1977
DNA adduct hamster embryo 6.1 µmol/L/1 hour MUREAV 563,35,2004
DNA adduct other microorganisms 670 nmol BBACAQ 521,779,1978
DNA damage Bacillus subtilis 20 µg/disc PMRSDJ 1,175,1981
DNA damage Escherichia coli 1 mg/L MUREAV 139,101,1984
DNA damage hamster ovary 1 mg/L CNREA8 42,3106,1982
DNA damage hamster other cell types 0.5 mg/L/24 hour MUREAV 471,29,2000
DNA damage hamster ovary 0.5 mg/L/3 hour MUREAV 537,151,2003
DNA damage Haemophilus influenzae 5 mg/L JOBAAY 125,643,1976
DNA damage human leukocyte 70 nmol/L MUREAV 468,93,2000
DNA damage human other cell types 1,250 nmol/L CNREA8 50,7483,1990
DNA damage human bone marrow 15 µmol/L CNREA8 45,3510,1985
DNA damage human embryo 50 µmol/L CBINA8 71,63,1989
DNA damage human lymphocyte 3 µmol/L/3 hour MUREAV 578,149,2005
DNA damage human mammary gland 0.27 mg/L/24 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 588,47,2005
DNA damage human other cell types 150 µmol/L/1 hour MUREAV 577S,1,2005
DNA damage human other cell types 150 µmol/L/1 hour MUREAV 577S,1,2005
DNA damage human ovary 2 µmol/L MUREAV 575,17,2005
DNA damage human other cell types 25.000 µg/L/2 hour MUTAEX 19,403,2004
DNA damage human lymphocyte 2.0 mg/L/48 hour MUREAV 607,160,2006
DNA damage human fibroblast 2 µmol/L/1 hour CRNGDP 27,446,2006
DNA damage mouse leukocyte 150 mg/L MUREAV 23,387,1974
DNA damage mouse mammary gland 2 µmol/L CNREA8 46,3939,1986
DNA damage oral
mouse 		8 mg/kg MUREAV 493,39,2001
DNA damage mouse fibroblast 1.5 mg/L/1 hour MUTAEX 14,339,1999
DNA damage mouse bone marrow 6 mg/L MUTAEX 14,339,1999
DNA damage intraperitoneal
mouse 		1 mg/kg HETOEA 25,79,2006
DNA damage other microorganisms 20 mg/L BBACAQ 697,381,1982
DNA damage other microorganisms 500 µg/L PNASA6 59,1116,1968
DNA damage other microorganisms 2 mmol/L MGGEAE 150,301,1977
DNA damage other microorganisms 20 mg/L ECREAL 32,192,1963
DNA damage rat other cell types 120 µmol/L CBINA8 77,25,1991
DNA damage rat liver 300 nmol/L SinJF# 26OCT1982
DNA damage rat liver 10 µmol/L/3 hour MUREAV 629,49,2007
DNA inhibition Bacillus subtilis 10 mg/L FOMIAZ 21,36,1976
DNA inhibition Escherichia coli 100 µg/L BBACAQ 41,434,1960
DNA inhibition Haemophilus influenzae 500 µg/L JOBAAY 125,643,1976
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 1 µmol/L/30 minute- continuous JEPTDQ 2(1),65,1978
DNA inhibition human fibroblast 10 µmol/L CNREA8 42,335,1982
DNA inhibition human lymphocyte 1 mg/L MUREAV 112,119,1983
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 100 µg/L JCLLAX 69,331,1967
DNA inhibition mouse mammary gland 10 mg/L JJCREP 76,289,1985
DNA inhibition mouse Ascites tumor 30 mg/L YOAMAQ 34,53,1991
DNA inhibition other microorganisms 80 µg/L MGGEAE 150,301,1977
DNA inhibition other microorganisms 3 mg/L JOVIAM 13,1,1974
DNA inhibition rat other cell types 500 µmol/L ICDBEO 21,402,1985
DNA inhibition intravenous
rat 		500 µg/kg JJCREP 77,750,1986
DNA inhibition rat liver 4,800 µg/kg BJCAAI 64,74,1991
DNA inhibition rabbit kidney 750 µg/L ECREAL 36,92,1964
DNA inhibition Salmonella typhimurium 5 mg/L VIRLAX 13,493,1961
DNA repair Bacillus subtilis 20 ng/plate TAKHAA 44,96,1985
DNA repair Escherichia coli 25 nmol/L MUREAV 164,19,1986
DNA repair Escherichia coli 2.5 mg/L MUREAV 603,164,2006
DNA repair other microorganisms 20 mg/L JOBAAY 155,1200,1983
DNA repair Salmonella typhimurium 1,000 ppm AGACBH 4,286,1974
unscheduled DNA synthesis Escherichia coli 1 mmol/L ZKKOBW 92,177,1978
unscheduled DNA synthesis human other cell types 100 µmol/L MUREAV 122,377,1983
unscheduled DNA synthesis human HeLa cell 300 nmol/L TOHJAV 19,179,1976
unscheduled DNA synthesis human fibroblast 160 µg/L TXCYAC 21,151,1981
unscheduled DNA synthesis human lymphocyte 1 mg/L TCMUD8 2,85,1982
unscheduled DNA synthesis human other cell types 2 international unit/L JJIND8 69,557,1982
unscheduled DNA synthesis human other cell types 100 mg/L MUREAV 140,43,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis mouse liver 2 µmol/L CNREA8 44,2918,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis mouse testis 1 µmol/L/5 hour ARTODN 37,195,1977
unscheduled DNA synthesis mouse lymphocyte 500 µg/L APMIBM 81,711,1973
unscheduled DNA synthesis intraperitoneal
mouse 		8 mg/kg MUREAV 158,189,1985
unscheduled DNA synthesis other microorganisms 1,200 µmol/L MUREAV 85,275,1981
unscheduled DNA synthesis intraperitoneal
rat 		4 mg/kg CANCAR 36,2364,1975
unscheduled DNA synthesis rat other cell types 2 mmol/L SHKKAN 22,300,1980
unscheduled DNA synthesis Salmonella typhimurium 2 µg ECEBDI 50,271,1982
host-mediated assay monkey
Escherichia coli 		5 µg/L MUREAV 57,91,1978
host-mediated assay mouse
Escherichia coli 		1 mg/kg MUREAV 164,19,1986
mutation in microorganisms Aspergillus nidulans 1,190 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 74,77,1980
mutation in microorganisms Bacillus subtilis 25 µg/L (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 95,191,1982
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 100 µg/L (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 130,97,1984
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 15 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 74,77,1980
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 0.4 µg/plate/20 minute MUREAV 492,91,2001
mutation in microorganisms hamster ovary 750 nmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 74,77,1980
mutation in microorganisms mouse lymphocyte 500 µg/L/4 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 59,61,1979
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 1 µg/L/15 minute (-enzymatic activation step) MIBLAO 49,223,1980
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 5 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 74,113,1980
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 1 mg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) JGAMA9 11,129,1965
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 50 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step) JGMIAN 132,91,1986
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 80 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 74,77,1980
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 10 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 264,135,1991
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 50 ng/plate (+enzymatic activation step) TAKHAA 44,96,1985
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 0.5 µg/plate/20 minute (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 514,19,2002
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 0.3 µg/plate/72 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 15,495,2000
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 250 gm/L (+enzymatic activation step) DCTODJ 27,157,2004
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 250 gm/L (-enzymatic activation step) DCTODJ 27,157,2004
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 0.5 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) DCTODJ 27,157,2004
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 2.1 nmol/L/48 hour (-enzymatic activation step) ARTODN 77,298,2003
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1 µg/plate/48 hour (-enzymatic activation step) JTEHF8 68,2097,2005
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 0.5 µg/plate/30 minute (-enzymatic activation step) CPBTAL 55,1635,2007
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 200 mg/L/16 hour MUTAEX 20,105,2004
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 100 mg/L/18 hour (+/-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 653,63,2008
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
chicken 		2 mg/kg MUREAV 292,231,1993
micronucleus test oral
chicken 		2 mg/kg MUREAV 292,231,1993
micronucleus test dog lymphocyte 400 nmol/L NTIS** AD-A075-605
micronucleus test domestic animal other cell types 0.1 mg/L/24 hour MUREAV 472,155,2000
micronucleus test hamster lung 125 µg/L MUREAV 222,63,1989
micronucleus test hamster other cell types 0.2 mg/L/24 hour MUREAV 492,39,2001
micronucleus test hamster fibroblast 0.5 mg/L/26 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 493,75,2001
micronucleus test hamster fibroblast 0.5 mg/L/24 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 493,75,2001
micronucleus test hamster liver 0.5 mg/L/48 hour MUREAV 494,107,2001
micronucleus test hamster other cell types 0.5 mg/L/29 hour MUREAV 497,63,2001
micronucleus test hamster lung 0.5 mg/L/48 hour BECTA6 64,66,2000
micronucleus test hamster fibroblast 0.25 mg/L/3 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 514,133,2002
micronucleus test hamster ovary 0.4 mg/L/3 hour (-enzymatic activation step) TOLED5 136,87,2002
micronucleus test hamster embryo 0.1,562 mg/L/4 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 561,153,2004
micronucleus test hamster fibroblast 3 µmol/L/24 hour TXCYAC 208,141,2005
micronucleus test hamster ovary 31 µg/L/24 hour MUREAV 577S,1,2005
micronucleus test hamster ovary 4.8 µmol/L/2 hour MUREAV 629,14,2007
micronucleus test hamster ovary 0.2 µmol/L/24 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 630,1,2007
micronucleus test human other cell types 500 µg/L MUREAV 252,45,1991
micronucleus test human fibroblast 1 mg/L MUREAV 261,57,1991
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 180 µg/L MUREAV 227,167,1989
micronucleus test human leukocyte 0.4 µmol/L/30 minute MUREAV 491,163,2001
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 0.5 mg/L/36 hour MUREAV 497,63,2001
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 0.5 mg/L/21 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 497,89,2001
micronucleus test human other cell types 0.25 mg/L/3 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 517,39,2002
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 0.67 mg/L/3 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 519,179,2002
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 0.67 mg/L/48 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 519,179,2002
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 0.15 µmol/L/20 hour ARTODN 75,118,2001
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 0.2 µmol/L/3 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 536,39,2003
micronucleus test human Ascites tumor 0.4 mg/L/30 hour MOCAT* 18,243,2003
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 10 µmol/L/24 hour MUREAV 528,61,2003
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 0.1 mg/L/25 hour TCMUD8 23,99,2003
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 3 µmol/L/3 hour MUTAEX 15,77,2000
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 0.1 mg/L/24 hour EMMUEG 43,45,2004
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 500 µg/L/23 hour MUTAEX 19,277,2004
micronucleus test intravenous
monkey 		500 µg/kg EESADV 3,122,1979
micronucleus test unreported route
monkey 		500 µg/kg EESADV 3,122,1979
micronucleus test mouse liver 500 µg/L MUREAV 264,187,1991
micronucleus test subcutaneous
mouse 		3 mg/kg JTSCDR 12,23,1987
micronucleus test mouse lymphocyte 100 nmol/L ENMUDM 8(Suppl 6),27,1986
micronucleus test inhalation
mouse 		65 mg/m3 NEZAAQ 40,280,1985
micronucleus test mouse fibroblast 0.1 mg/L MUTAEX 16,145,2001
micronucleus test skin
mouse 		0.2 pph/3 day MUREAV 513,93,2002
micronucleus test unreported route
mouse 		2 mg/kg MUREAV 514,19,2002
micronucleus test intravenous
mouse 		1 mg/kg EMMUEG 39,3,2002
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		0.75 mg/kg FCTOD7 42,155,2004
micronucleus test skin
mouse 		12 mg/kg/3 day MUREAV 588,58,2005
micronucleus test mouse other cell types 0.35 mg/kg/24 hour MUREAV 606,39,2006
micronucleus test mouse ovary 0.3 mg/kg MUTAEX 21,15,2006
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		0.3 mg/kg MUTAEX 21,15,2006
micronucleus test mouse other cell types 0.6 mg/L/4 hour MUREAV 549,5,2004
micronucleus test mouse other cell types 0.15 µmol/L MUREAV 655,4,2008
micronucleus test multiple
non-mammalian species 		120 nmol/L MUREAV 371,47,1996
micronucleus test multiple
non-mammalian species 		100 nmol/L MUREAV 191,157,1987
micronucleus test non-mammalian species other cell types 18 µg/L MUREAV 244,147,1990
micronucleus test non-mammalian species embryo 10 mg/L MUREAV 446,121,1999
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
other fish 		250 µg/kg MUREAV 313,1,1994
micronucleus test skin
rat 		0.1 pph/3 day MUREAV 513,93,2002
micronucleus test rat other cell types 0.5 µg/L/2 hour TXAPA9 197,218,2004
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
rat 		3 mg/kg/4 day MUREAV 577S,1,2005
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
rat 		0.5 mg/kg EMMUEG 43,179,2004
micronucleus test rabbit kidney 0.3 nmol/L/24 hour ARTODN 76,55,2002
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Aspergillus nidulans 1,190 µmol/L MUREAV 74,77,1980
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Chlamydomonas reinhardi 200 mg/L MUREAV 4,147,1967
gene conversion and mitotic recombination oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		40 mg/L MUREAV 266,93,1992
gene conversion and mitotic recombination oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		0.625 mmol/L/6 hour EMMUEG 36,195,2000
gene conversion and mitotic recombination oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		2.5 mmol/L/48 hour EMMUEG 36,195,2000
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 10 mg/L EVHPAZ 31,97,1979
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster liver 100 nmol/L MUREAV 271,79,1992
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster lung 1 mg/L/1 hour MUREAV 111,341,1983
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster ovary 75 µg/L MUREAV 94,449,1982
mutation in mammalian somatic cells human lymphocyte 1 nmol/L NATUAS 292,601,1981
mutation in mammalian somatic cells human fibroblast 1 mg/L CNJGA8 21,435,1979
mutation in mammalian somatic cells human other cell types 0.35 mg/L/4 hour MUREAV 578,100,2005
mutation in mammalian somatic cells unreported route
mouse 		1 mg/kg MUREAV 74,77,1980
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 20 µg/L/4 hour MUREAV 59,61,1979
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse mammary gland 1 µmol/L MUREAV 261,131,1991
morphological transform hamster kidney 1 µg/L TXCYAC 19,55,1981
other mutation test systems Bacillus subtilis 10 mg/L FOMIAZ 21,36,1976
other mutation test systems Escherichia coli 50 µg/L MCBIA7 64,185,1990
other mutation test systems grasshopper other cell types 100 µmol/L ENMUDM 6,402,1984
other mutation test systems hamster ovary 300 nmol/L MUREAV 265,45,1992
other mutation test systems hamster fibroblast 600 µg/L CHROAU 33,48,1971
other mutation test systems hamster embryo 50 µg/L/20 hour MUREAV 547,101,2004
other mutation test systems human leukocyte 1 mg/L ECREAL 33,445,1964
other mutation test systems human HeLa cell 100 µg/L JCLLAX 69,331,1967
other mutation test systems human lymphocyte 40 µg/L HUGEDQ 49,41,1979
other mutation test systems mouse Ascites tumor 2,500 ppm IDZAAW 51,53,1976
other mutation test systems intraperitoneal
mouse 		4 mg/kg TOXID9 60,102,2001
other mutation test systems Salmonella typhimurium 50 µg/L MUREAV 192,239,1987
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 1 ng/well ANYAA9 463,347,1986
phage inhibition capacity Haemophilus influenzae 15 µmol/L MUREAV 125,15,1984
phage inhibition capacity other microorganisms 500 ng/plate ZMMPAO 231,369,1975
phage inhibition capacity other microorganisms 1 mg/L BAPBAN 18,445,1970
phage inhibition capacity Salmonella typhimurium 10 pmol/plate PPTCBY 9,337,1979
sister chromatid exchange parenteral
chicken 		847 ng/kg 47JMAE -,137,1982
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
hamster 		100 µg/kg ARZNAD 29,1871,1979
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 12,500 ng/L TRENAF 30,51,1979
sister chromatid exchange hamster lung 15 nmol/L MUREAV 74,77,1980
sister chromatid exchange hamster fibroblast 5 nmol/L MUREAV 28,459,1975
sister chromatid exchange hamster kidney 20 mg/L NATUAS 271,662,1978
sister chromatid exchange unreported route
hamster 		100 µg/kg EESADV 3,122,1979
sister chromatid exchange hamster embryo 50 µg/L CNREA8 44,1933,1984
sister chromatid exchange hamster other cell types 480 nmol/L CRNGDP 6,1627,1985
sister chromatid exchange hamster liver 0.1 mg/L/36 hour MUREAV 494,107,2001
sister chromatid exchange hamster other cell types 0.1 mg/L/35 hour MUREAV 497,63,2001
sister chromatid exchange hamster other cell types 0.33 mg/L MUREAV 515,181,2002
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 0.9 mg/L/30 hour MUREAV 67,231,1979
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 0.4 mg/L/3 hour MUREAV 498,117,2001
sister chromatid exchange hamster embryo 2.5 µg/L/24 hour MUREAV 547,101,2004
sister chromatid exchange human other cell types 5 µg/L CANCAR 61,1741,1988
sister chromatid exchange human leukocyte 100 µg/L GENTAE 51,181,1965
sister chromatid exchange intravenous
human 		228 µg/kg/2 week- intermittent CNREA8 40,477,1980
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 6 µg/L MUREAV 121,147,1983
sister chromatid exchange human embryo 3 nmol/L MUREAV 74,77,1980
sister chromatid exchange human fibroblast 5 nmol/L EXMDA4 (411),347,1977
sister chromatid exchange human lung 20 µg/L MUREAV 117,317,1983
sister chromatid exchange human other cell types 30 µg/L CYTBAI 38,159,1983
sister chromatid exchange human ovary 20 µg/L CYTBAI 38,159,1983
sister chromatid exchange human testis 10 µg/L CYTBAI 38,159,1983
sister chromatid exchange human other cell types 5 µmol/L MUREAV 311,21,1994
sister chromatid exchange human leukocyte 0.4 µmol/L/30 minute MUREAV 491,163,2001
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 0.1 mg/L/48 hour MUREAV 497,63,2001
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 0.5 mg/L/21 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 497,89,2001
sister chromatid exchange human other cell types 0.25 mg/L/3 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 517,39,2002
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 0.17 mg/L/3 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 519,179,2002
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 0.33 mg/L/48 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 519,179,2002
sister chromatid exchange human other cell types 0.1 µmol/well FKIZA4 82,221,1991
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 0.4 µg/plate/20 hour MUREAV 514,19,2002
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 0.2 µmol/L/3 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 536,39,2003
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 0.5 mg/L/21 hour MUREAV 535,161,2003
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 0.1 mg/L/25 hour TCMUD8 23,99,2003
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 0.1 µmol/L/48 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 19,75,2004
sister chromatid exchange mammal (species unspecified) fibroblast 330 µg/L CHROAU 56,1,1976
sister chromatid exchange mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte 1 mg/L IJEBA6 20,726,1982
sister chromatid exchange mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte 20 µg/L CGCYDF 3,161,1981
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
mouse 		300 µg/kg TCMUD8 3,263,1983
sister chromatid exchange intravenous
mouse 		5 mg/kg MUREAV 60,339,1979
sister chromatid exchange mouse embryo 15 µg/L MUREAV 60,339,1979
sister chromatid exchange parenteral
mouse 		2,500 µg/kg ENMUDM 6,469,1984
sister chromatid exchange mouse fibroblast 10 µg/L CHROAU 57,219,1976
sister chromatid exchange mouse Ascites tumor 3 mg/kg ENMUDM 1,177,1979
sister chromatid exchange mouse lymphocyte 1,500 µg/kg MUREAV 106,85,1982
sister chromatid exchange mouse lymphocyte 5 gm/L MUREAV 106,85,1982
sister chromatid exchange mouse other cell types 25 µg/L JCHODP 13,1,1983
sister chromatid exchange mouse lung 10 µg/L CYTBAI 38,159,1983
sister chromatid exchange mouse ovary 20 µg/L CYTBAI 38,159,1983
sister chromatid exchange oral
mouse 		2 mg/kg MUREAV 520,125,2002
sister chromatid exchange oral
non-mammalian species 		6 nmol/L MBLED7 3,163,1982
sister chromatid exchange skin
non-mammalian species 		1,250 nmol/L MUREAV 105,235,1982
sister chromatid exchange non-mammalian species lymphocyte 10 pmol/L ENMUDM 8,555,1986
sister chromatid exchange other fish embryo 10 nmol/L MUREAV 68,381,1979
sister chromatid exchange multiple
other fish 		5,400 pmol/L MUREAV 118,61,1983
sister chromatid exchange other fish lymphocyte 5 nmol/L ENMUDM 8,555,1986
sister chromatid exchange intravenous
rat 		3 mg/kg CGCGBR 27,82,1980
sister chromatid exchange rat lymphocyte 10 nmol/L NTIS** AD-A075-605
sister chromatid exchange rat bone marrow 10 nmol/L NTIS** AD-A075-605
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
rat 		1 mg/kg ARTODN 46,151,1980
sister chromatid exchange subcutaneous
rat 		500 µg/kg MUREAV 97,349,1982
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
rabbit 		4 mg/kg/8 week MUREAV 51,383,1978
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		125 ppm ENMUDM 7(Suppl 3),76,1985
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction unreported route
Drosophila melanogaster 		150 µmol/L MUREAV 74,77,1980
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction parenteral
Drosophila melanogaster 		300 µmol/L EVSRBT 24,175,1981
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction human fibroblast 1 mg/L MUREAV 261,57,1991
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction unreported route
mouse 		4 mg/kg IJEBA6 24,636,1986
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction intraperitoneal
mouse 		8 mg/kg EMMUEG 20,106,1992
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction parenteral
other insects 		1 gm/L MUREAV 7,231,1969
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction parenteral
silkworm 		100 µmol/kg NISZAQ 46,205,1977
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction Saccharomyes cerevisiae 4 mg/L EVHPAZ 31,97,1979
specific locus test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		625 µmol/L/6 hour MUREAV 120,233,1983
specific locus test Escherichia coli 0.15 mg/L/45 minute MUREAV 508,107,2002
specific locus test hamster other cell types 0.9 µmol/L/24 hour EMMUEG 35,114,2000
specific locus test hamster ovary 30 µg/L/3 hour MUREAV 602,14,2006
specific locus test parenteral
mouse 		2 mg/kg ARTODN 38,75,1977
specific locus test unreported route
mouse 		2 mg/kg GENTAE 92,S153,1979
specific locus test unreported route
mouse 		5,250 µg/kg GENTAE 92,S153,1979
specific locus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		5 mg/kg EMMUEG 39,342,2002
specific locus test oral
mouse 		2 mg/kg MUTAEX 14,113,1999
specific locus test mouse lymphocyte 0.5 mg/L MUREAV 609,102,2006
specific locus test multiple
non-mammalian species 		0.1 mmol/L/10 day MUREAV 536,145,2003
specific locus test parenteral
silkworm 		25 mg/L MUREAV 7,425,1969
sperm morphology intravenous
monkey 		500 µg/kg MUREAV 53,230,1978
sperm morphology parenteral
mouse 		5,250 µg/kg ARTODN 38,75,1977
sperm morphology unreported route
mouse 		2,500 µg/kg MUREAV 74,77,1980
sperm morphology subcutaneous
mouse 		2,500 µg/kg JTSCDR 12,33,1987
sperm morphology intraperitoneal
mouse 		1 mg/kg MUREAV 494,1,2001
heritable translocation test unreported route
Drosophila melanogaster 		300 µmol/L MUREAV 74,77,1980
heritable translocation test unreported route
mouse 		2,500 µg/kg TCMUD8 1,75,1980
heritable translocation test intraperitoneal
mouse 		2,500 µg/kg EXPEAM 44,253,1988
heritable translocation test intraperitoneal
rat 		6,670 µg/kg JOHEA8 66,285,1975


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (2 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material)

Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus 		AMBNAS 23,103,1975
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) MUREAV 229,123,1990
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) 		OFAJAE 44,337,1968
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg (6 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		JEEMAF 73,135,1983
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (5 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		DCTODJ 10,275,1987
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,750 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) MUREAV 13,433,1971
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,700 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) HIKYAJ 12,1339,1966
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,500 µg/kg (15 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		IJEBA6 17,679,1979
intrauterine
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,600 ng/kg (1 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material)

Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus 		IJEBA6 12,487,1974
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		SEIJBO 10,83,1970
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death SEIJBO 5,90,1965
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg (13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material) NATUAS 279,531,1979
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,500 µg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) SEIJBO 6,171,1966
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		JTSCDR 4,127,1979
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		JJPAAZ 10,64,1960
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) JTSCDR 12,33,1987
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (6-10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		OSDIAF 14,107,1965
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (6-10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system OSDIAF 14,107,1965


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,000 µg/kg/26 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		RRCRBU 52,1,1975
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,600 µg/kg/8 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		ARZNAD 20,1461,1970
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 280 µg/kg/18 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		APJAAG 17,495,1967


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4 mg/kg N/R JAJAAA 13,27,1960
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 14 mg/kg N/R MUTAEX 14,339,1999
intraperitoneal
non-mammalian species 		lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg Behavioral: Food intake (animal) MUREAV 629,89,2007
intraperitoneal
non-mammalian species 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Blood: Hemorrhage MUREAV 629,89,2007
intraperitoneal
non-mammalian species 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg Blood: Hemorrhage

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		MUREAV 629,89,2007
intraperitoneal
non-mammalian species 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count MUREAV 629,89,2007
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1 mg/kg N/R VCVPS* -,457,1998
intratracheal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 4 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain TOLED5 30,63,1986
intravenous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 2,500 µg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Ataxia

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea 		CNREA8 20,1354,1960
intravenous
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 720 µg/kg N/R NIIRDN -,1129,1990
intravenous
monkey 		lowest published lethal dose: 1 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Blood: Hemorrhage 		CNREA8 20,1354,1960
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4 mg/kg N/R JAJAAA 13,27,1960
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases 		JPETAB 305,1079,2003
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3 mg/kg N/R ARZNAD 20,1467,1970
intravenous
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,400 µg/kg N/R NIIRDN -,1129,1990
intravenous
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,800 µg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosing alveolitis

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		LANCAO 2,1037,1980
oral
wild bird 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7,500 µg/kg N/R AECTCV 12,355,1983
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 23 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		CNREA8 20,1354,1960
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 88.66 mg/kg N/R ENTOX* -,118,2005
oral
quail 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): >100 mg/kg N/R EESADV 6,149,1982
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		CNREA8 20,1354,1960
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 68 mg/kg N/R ENTOX* -,118,2005
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7,300 µg/kg N/R JJCREP 80,670,1989
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,250 µg/kg N/R NIIRDN 6,798,1982
unreported route
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,350 µg/kg/21 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Normocytic anemia 		AIMDAP 143,803,1983
unreported route
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 12 mg/kg N/R CNREA8 46,2703,1986
unreported route
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,100 µg/kg/40 week- intermittent Blood: Other hemolysis with or without anemia

Blood: Other changes 		AIMDAP 143,1617,1983


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/8 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent BJCAAI 86,470,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/8 day- intermittent Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other

Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent 		MOCAT* 2,901,2003
intrarenal
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 9.12 mg/kg/40 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Structural or functional change in ureter

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent 		CAINV* 24,160,2006
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg/22 day- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Gastrointestinal: Decreased motility or constipation 		BJCAAI 89,2051,2003
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg/22 day- intermittent Blood: Normocytic anemia

Blood: Thrombocytopenia

Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) 		BJCAAI 89,2051,2003
intravenous
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Blood: Thrombocytopenia BJCAAI 91,834,2004
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Blood: Changes in platelet count 		JTSCDR 20,1,1995
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JJANAX 42,800,1989
parenteral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 5.7 mg/kg/44 week- intermittent Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, allergic

Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) 		CODEDG 42,74,2000


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 10,171,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT 10,171,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2B IMSUDL 7,56,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
32XPAD -,49,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ARVPAX 5,447,1965
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CRTXB2 2,159,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CREOH* 46,59,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CREOH* 47,109,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 589,111,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUTAEX 14,271,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CATRE* 14,291,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUTAEX 15,431,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EMMUEG 43,36,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EMMUEG 45,150,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 613,17,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUTAEX 20,3,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUTAEX 20,389,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CEVIC* 12,113,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 613,76,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DIMON* 40,258,1994
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,384,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 616,11,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 627,10,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 635,90,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,118,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUTAEX 20,153,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOPADD 33,517,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AJEMEN 22,404,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLLID* 11,641,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HUTOX* -,439,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 672,1,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 672,1,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 566,249,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 681,3,2009


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
N/R N/R N/R


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: X4281;
Number of Industries 1;
Total Number of Facilities 39;
Number of Occupations 3;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 1,087;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 588


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; In vitro cytogenetics-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vivo cytogenetics-nonhuman bone marrow
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vivo cytogenetics-mammalian oocyte
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cytogenetics-male germ cell; Rodent dominant lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Host-mediated assay; Rodent heritable translocation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: L5178Y cells in vitro-TK test; Mammalian micronucleus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro human lymphocyte micronucleus; Mouse spot test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: N crassa-forward mutation; B subtilis rec assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: E coli polA without S9; Mouse specific locus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Sperm morphology-mouse; D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro UDS-human fibroblast; TRP reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion; S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-aneuploidy; S cerevisiae-reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-human lymphocytes
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-WI-38 cells; In vitro SCE-human
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-nonhuman; In vivo SCE-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: N crassa-aneuploidy; UDS in mouse germ cells
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: TRP reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Sperm morphology-mouse F1
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as an antineoplastic agent
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (ipr);clear evidence:rat RRCRBU 52,1,1975
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (ipr);no evidence:mouse RRCRBU 52,1,1975


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
32XPAD "Teratology," Berry, C.L., and D.E. Poswillo, eds., New York, Springer, 1975
47JMAE "Cytogenetic Assays of Environmental Mutagens," Hsu, T.C., ed., Totowa, NJ, Allanheld, Osmun & Co., 1982
AAMMAU Archives d'Anatomie Microscopique et de Morphologie Experimentale. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.36-76, 1947-1987. For publisher information, see BSTME2.
AECTCV Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 070944) V.1- 1973-
AGACBH Agents and Actions, A Swiss Journal of Pharmacology. (Birkhaeuser Verlag, POB 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1969/70-
AIMDAP Archives of Internal Medicine. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1908-
AJEMEN American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA) V.1- 1983-
AMBNAS Acta Medica et Biologica (Niigata). (Niigata Univ. School of Medicine, 1 Asahi-machi-dori, Niigata 951, Japan) V.1- 1953-
ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877-
APJAAG Acta Pathologica Japonica. (Japan Publications Trading Co., Ltd., POB 5030, Tokyo International, Tokyo 101-31, Japan) V.1- 1951-
APMIBM Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica, Section B: Microbiology and Immunology. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.78-82, 1970-74. For publisher information, see ACPADQ.
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
ARVPAX Annual Review of Pharmacology. (Palo Alto, CA) V.1-15, 1961-75. For publisher information, see ARPTDI.
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
ATSUDG Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 1978-
BAPBAN Bulletin de l'Academie Polonaise des Sciences, Series des Sciences Biologiques. (Warsaw, Poland) V.5-30, 1957-82. For publisher information, see BPABEN.
BBACAQ Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1947-
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1966-
BIZNAT Biologisches Zentralblatt. (VEB Georg Thieme, Postfach 946, Leipzig DDR-7010, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1881-
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947-
CAINV* Cancer investigation (New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker) V.1- 1983-
CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948-
CATRE* Cancer Treatment Reviews
CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969-
CEVIC* Clinical Eye and Vision Care (Amsterdam Elsevier Science) V.1-12 1988-2000.
CGCGBR Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003) V.12- 1973-
CGCYDF Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1979-
CHROAU Chromosoma. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1939-
CLLID*
CNJGA8 Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology. (National Research Council of Canada, Publication Sales and Distribution, Ottawa ON K1A OR6, Canada) V.1- 1959-
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HUTOX*
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Used as an antineoplastic agent

FDA-proprietary drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Natural Product

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