RTECS:BD0525000 The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Aluminum chloride

RTECS #: BD0525000

CAS #: 7446-70-0

UPDATE: May 2009 MW: 133.33 MF: AlCl₃

NOTE:

TOXICITY DATA HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED. OMISSION OF A SUBSTANCE OR NOTATION DOES NOT IMPLY ANY RELIEF FROM REGULATORY RESPONSIBILITY.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

SYNONYMS:

SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:

MUTATION DATA:

REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:

OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:

REVIEWS:

STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

Alluminio (cloruro di) (Italian)

Aluminium chloride

Aluminiumchlorid (German)

Aluminum chloride (1:3)

Aluminum trichloride

Chlorure d'aluminium (French)

Pearsall

Trichloroaluminum

SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
skin
mouse 10%/6 day- intermittent VCVN1* -,219,1988
skin
mouse 10% open irritation test severe BJDEAZ 89,67,1973
skin
pig 10% open irritation test severe BJDEAZ 89,67,1973
skin
rabbit 10%/6 day- intermittent VCVN1* -,219,1988
skin
rabbit 10% open irritation test severe BJDEAZ 89,67,1973

MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 5 痠ol/L/1 hour FCTOD7 45,1154,2007
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
mouse 444 mg/kg NULSAK 15,180,1972
DNA damage human lymphocyte 2 mg/L/72 hour TOLED5 161,27,2006
DNA damage human lymphocyte 5 痠ol/L/3 hour FCTOD7 45,1154,2007
DNA damage rat Ascites tumor 500 痠ol/L JBCHA3 261,3370,1986

REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TEELEO 16,192,1999
intraperitoneal
rat lowest published toxic dose: 375 mg/kg (9-13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) ANANAU 138,365,1975
intraperitoneal
rat lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg (14-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system ANANAU 138,365,1975
oral
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 425 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) BJIMAG 23,305,1966
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 11,512 mg/kg (8-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral NTOTDY 8,115,1986
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 5,723 mg/kg (1-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral TJADAB 40,21,1989
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg (15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects JTSCDR 18,43,1993
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 5,520 mg/kg (1-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) REPTED 21,313,2006
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 5,520 mg/kg (1-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system REPTED 21,313,2006
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 5,520 mg/kg (1-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic REPTED 21,313,2006

TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
N/R
N/R N/R N/R

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 96 mg/kg N/R VCVN1* -,212,1988
intraperitoneal
rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 333 mg/kg N/R VCVN1* -,212,1988
oral
mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,130 mg/kg N/R VCVN1* -,212,1988
oral
rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,450 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Hematuria SRTCAC 36(1-4),10,1989
skin
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 10 pph Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation BJDEAZ 89,67,1973
skin
pig lowest published toxic dose: 10 pph Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation BJDEAZ 89,67,1973
skin
rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2 gm/kg N/R EPASR* 8EHQ-0191-1109
skin
rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 10 pph Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation BJDEAZ 89,67,1973
unreported route
mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 390 mg/kg N/R GISAAA 43(4),12,1978
unreported route
rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 315 mg/kg N/R GISAAA 43(4),12,1978

OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
intracerebral
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 痢/kg/5 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests EJPHAZ 547,52,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/12 day- intermittent Endocrine: Other changes

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport ETOPFR 19,33,2005
intraperitoneal
rat lowest published toxic dose: 99 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia KDYIA5 23,327,1983
intraperitoneal
rat lowest published toxic dose: 415 mg/kg/21 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes EESADV 33,201,1996
intraperitoneal
rat lowest published toxic dose: 3,083 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) NPRNAY 47,66,1987
intravenous
rat lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase CBPCEE 105,73,1993
oral
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 8,421 mg/kg/40 day- continuous Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals BJIMAG 23,305,1966
oral
mouse lowest published toxic dose: 138 gm/kg/34 week- continuous Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Musculoskeletal: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe PHTOEH 86,135,2000
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 9,380 mg/kg/52 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: P BJIMAG 23,305,1966
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 2,307 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases EVHPAZ 30,47,1979
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 100 gm/kg/48 week- continuous Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning NTOTDY 4,403,1982
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 1,280 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes TOXID9 72,74,2003
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg/80 day- continuous Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS FCTOD7 40,471,2002
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 1,904 mg/kg/16 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects TXCYAC 199,47,2004
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 5,520 mg/kg/16 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases REPTED 21,301,2006
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 5,520 mg/kg/16 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport REPTED 21,301,2006
oral
rat : 1,750 mg/kg/5 week- continuous Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins NRTXDN 27,451,2006
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 4,200 mg/kg/6 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes FCTOD7 45,2499,2007
oral
rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 3,808 mg/kg/16 week- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight TXCYAC 215,97,2005

REVIEWS:
ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³ DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CRTXB2 33,215,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TIHEEC 18,309,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NETEEC 29,425,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HBTME* ,339,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HBTME* ,213,2007

STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES: Cancelled RBREV* -,295,1998
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 2 mg(Al)/m³, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - KOREA time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - NEW ZEALAND time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, short term exposure limit 6 mg(Al)/m³, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN time-weighted average 1 mg(Al)/m³, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 2 mg(Al)/m³, DEC2006
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³

NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE

National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 04605;
Number of Industries 29;
Total Number of Facilities 3,476;
Number of Occupations 34;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 17,152
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 04605;
Number of Industries 32;
Total Number of Facilities 2,230;
Number of Occupations 68;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 49,913;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 17,460

STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE

EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vivo cytogenetics-nonhuman bone marrow
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; B subtilis rec assay
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as ETHYLBENZENE catalyst, dyestuff intermediate and detergent alkylate
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001

REFERENCES:
CODEN
REFERENCE

ANANAU Anatomischer Anzeiger. (VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Postfach 176, Jena DDR-6900, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1886-
BJDEAZ British Journal of Dermatology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.63- 1951-
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal, Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944-
CBPCEE Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology. (Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591) V.74- 1983-
CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EESADV Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1977-
EJPHAZ European Journal of Pharmacology. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1967-
EPASR* United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460) History unknown.
ETOPFR Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V.1- Feb.1996-
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
HBTME*

JBCHA3 Journal of Biological Chemistry. (428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1905-
JTSCDR Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976-
KDYIA5 Kidney International. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1972-
NETEEC Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987-
NPRNAY Nephron. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1964-
NRTXDN Neurotoxicology. (Intox Press, Inc., POB 34075, Little Rock, AR 72203) V.1- 1979-
NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8, 1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC.
NULSAK Nucleus (Calcutta). (Dr. A.K. Sharma, Centre of Advanced Studies in Cell and Chromosome Research, Calcutta, 35 Baliygunge Circular Rd., Calcutta 700 019, India) V.1- 1958-
PHTOEH Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987-
RBREV* Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review (Rainbow Report), Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M. Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, Spring 1998
REPTED Reproductive Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
SRTCAC Science Reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University, Series C: Medicine. (Tohoku University, Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Cancer, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan) V.1- 1949-
TEELEO Trace Elements and Electrolytes. (Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle, Postfach 1351 D-82032 Muenchen-Deisenhofen, Germany) V.11- 1994-
TIHEEC Toxicology and Industrial Health. (Princeton Scientific Pub. Co., POB 2155, Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 1985-
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
VCVN1* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov I-IV groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing I-IV group elements), Filov V.A., Chimia, 1988.

Used as ETHYLBENZENE catalyst, dyestuff intermediate and detergent alkylate

NIOSH PROFILE (ALUMINUM and ITS COMPOUNDS), SRI, 2/77

NIOSH PROFILE (PETROLEUM REFINING), FIRL, 4/78

NIOSH PROFILE (ALUMINUM and ITS COMPOUNDS), SRC, 1/81

FDA-over the counter drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Drug
   Organometallic
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Hormone
   Primary Irritant

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SYNONYMS:
Alluminio (cloruro di) (Italian) Aluminium chloride Aluminiumchlorid (German) Aluminum chloride (1:3)	Aluminum trichloride Chlorure d'aluminium (French) Pearsall Trichloroaluminum

SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
skin mouse	10%/6 day- intermittent		VCVN1* -,219,1988
skin mouse	10% open irritation test	severe	BJDEAZ 89,67,1973
skin pig	10% open irritation test	severe	BJDEAZ 89,67,1973
skin rabbit	10%/6 day- intermittent		VCVN1* -,219,1988
skin rabbit	10% open irritation test	severe	BJDEAZ 89,67,1973

MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
SYSTEM TEST	ROUTE/ ORGANISM/ TISSUE	DOSE	REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis	human lymphocyte	5 痠ol/L/1 hour	FCTOD7 45,1154,2007
cytogenetic analysis	intraperitoneal mouse	444 mg/kg	NULSAK 15,180,1972
DNA damage	human lymphocyte	2 mg/L/72 hour	TOLED5 161,27,2006
DNA damage	human lymphocyte	5 痠ol/L/3 hour	FCTOD7 45,1154,2007
DNA damage	rat Ascites tumor	500 痠ol/L	JBCHA3 261,3370,1986

REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
intraperitoneal mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	TEELEO 16,192,1999
intraperitoneal rat	lowest published toxic dose: 375 mg/kg (9-13 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	ANANAU 138,365,1975
intraperitoneal rat	lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg (14-18 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	ANANAU 138,365,1975
oral mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 425 mg/kg (multigenerations)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)	BJIMAG 23,305,1966
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 11,512 mg/kg (8-22 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral	NTOTDY 8,115,1986
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5,723 mg/kg (1-21 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral	TJADAB 40,21,1989
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg (15 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects	JTSCDR 18,43,1993
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5,520 mg/kg (1-16 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)	REPTED 21,313,2006
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5,520 mg/kg (1-16 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system	REPTED 21,313,2006
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5,520 mg/kg (1-16 day pregnant)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic	REPTED 21,313,2006

TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
N/R	N/R	N/R	N/R

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
intraperitoneal mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 96 mg/kg	N/R	VCVN1* -,212,1988
intraperitoneal rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 333 mg/kg	N/R	VCVN1* -,212,1988
oral mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,130 mg/kg	N/R	VCVN1* -,212,1988
oral rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,450 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Gastrointestinal: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Hematuria	SRTCAC 36(1-4),10,1989
skin mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 10 pph	Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation	BJDEAZ 89,67,1973
skin pig	lowest published toxic dose: 10 pph	Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation	BJDEAZ 89,67,1973
skin rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2 gm/kg	N/R	EPASR* 8EHQ-0191-1109
skin rabbit	lowest published toxic dose: 10 pph	Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation	BJDEAZ 89,67,1973
unreported route mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 390 mg/kg	N/R	GISAAA 43(4),12,1978
unreported route rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 315 mg/kg	N/R	GISAAA 43(4),12,1978

OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
intracerebral mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 痢/kg/5 day- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests	EJPHAZ 547,52,2006
intraperitoneal mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/12 day- intermittent	Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport	ETOPFR 19,33,2005
intraperitoneal rat	lowest published toxic dose: 99 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent	Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia	KDYIA5 23,327,1983
intraperitoneal rat	lowest published toxic dose: 415 mg/kg/21 day- intermittent	Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes	EESADV 33,201,1996
intraperitoneal rat	lowest published toxic dose: 3,083 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)	NPRNAY 47,66,1987
intravenous rat	lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent	Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase	CBPCEE 105,73,1993
oral mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 8,421 mg/kg/40 day- continuous	Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals	BJIMAG 23,305,1966
oral mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 138 gm/kg/34 week- continuous	Gastrointestinal: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe	PHTOEH 86,135,2000
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 9,380 mg/kg/52 day- intermittent	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: P	BJIMAG 23,305,1966
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 2,307 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent	Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases	EVHPAZ 30,47,1979
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 100 gm/kg/48 week- continuous	Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning	NTOTDY 4,403,1982
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1,280 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes	TOXID9 72,74,2003
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg/80 day- continuous	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS	FCTOD7 40,471,2002
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1,904 mg/kg/16 week- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects	TXCYAC 199,47,2004
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5,520 mg/kg/16 day- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases	REPTED 21,301,2006
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5,520 mg/kg/16 day- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport	REPTED 21,301,2006
oral rat	: 1,750 mg/kg/5 week- continuous	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	NRTXDN 27,451,2006
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 4,200 mg/kg/6 week- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes	FCTOD7 45,2499,2007
oral rabbit	lowest published toxic dose: 3,808 mg/kg/16 week- intermittent	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight	TXCYAC 215,97,2005

REVIEWS:
ORGANIZATION	STANDARD	REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value	time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CRTXB2 33,215,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TIHEEC 18,309,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NETEEC 29,425,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HBTME* ,339,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HBTME* ,213,2007

STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
ORGANIZATION	STANDARD	REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988	PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION	FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF	PESTICIDES: Cancelled	RBREV* -,295,1998
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM	time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE	VME 2 mg(Al)/m³, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - KOREA	time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY	time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA	time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³, short term exposure limit 6 mg(Al)/m³, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN	time-weighted average 1 mg(Al)/m³, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND	MAK- week 2 mg(Al)/m³, DEC2006
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN	American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value; time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM	American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 2 mg(Al)/m³

NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
ORGANIZATION	STANDARD or SURVEY	REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 04605; Number of Industries 29; Total Number of Facilities 3,476; Number of Occupations 34; Total Number of Employees Exposed 17,152
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 04605; Number of Industries 32; Total Number of Facilities 2,230; Number of Occupations 68; Total Number of Employees Exposed 49,913; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 17,460

STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
ORGANIZATION	REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vivo cytogenetics-nonhuman bone marrow
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; B subtilis rec assay
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as ETHYLBENZENE catalyst, dyestuff intermediate and detergent alkylate
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001

REFERENCES:
CODEN	REFERENCE
ANANAU	Anatomischer Anzeiger. (VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Postfach 176, Jena DDR-6900, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1886-
BJDEAZ	British Journal of Dermatology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.63- 1951-
BJIMAG	British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal, Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944-
CBPCEE	Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology. (Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591) V.74- 1983-
CRTXB2	CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971-
DTLVS*	The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EESADV	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1977-
EJPHAZ	European Journal of Pharmacology. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1967-
EPASR*	United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460) History unknown.
ETOPFR	Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V.1- Feb.1996-
EVHPAZ	EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
FCTOD7	Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FEREAC	Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
GISAAA	Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
HBTME*
JBCHA3	Journal of Biological Chemistry. (428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1905-
JTSCDR	Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976-
KDYIA5	Kidney International. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1972-
NETEEC	Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987-
NPRNAY	Nephron. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1964-
NRTXDN	Neurotoxicology. (Intox Press, Inc., POB 34075, Little Rock, AR 72203) V.1- 1979-
NTOTDY	Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8, 1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC.
NULSAK	Nucleus (Calcutta). (Dr. A.K. Sharma, Centre of Advanced Studies in Cell and Chromosome Research, Calcutta, 35 Baliygunge Circular Rd., Calcutta 700 019, India) V.1- 1958-
PHTOEH	Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987-
RBREV*	Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review (Rainbow Report), Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M. Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, Spring 1998
REPTED	Reproductive Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
SRTCAC	Science Reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University, Series C: Medicine. (Tohoku University, Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Cancer, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan) V.1- 1949-
TEELEO	Trace Elements and Electrolytes. (Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle, Postfach 1351 D-82032 Muenchen-Deisenhofen, Germany) V.11- 1994-
TIHEEC	Toxicology and Industrial Health. (Princeton Scientific Pub. Co., POB 2155, Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 1985-
TJADAB	Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOLED5	Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOXID9	Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXCYAC	Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
VCVN1*	"Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov I-IV groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing I-IV group elements), Filov V.A., Chimia, 1988.