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Acetanilide, 4' - hydroxy -

RTECS #: AE4200000

CAS #: 103-90-2

UPDATE: May 2009 MW: 151.18 MF: C8H9NO2


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 4' - Hydroxyacetanilide
  2. 4 - Acetamidophenol
  3. 4 - Hydroxyacetanilide
  4. 4 - Hydroxyanilid kyseliny octove (Czech)
  5. APAP
  6. Abensanil
  7. Acamol
  8. Acetagesic
  9. Acetalgin
  10. Acetamide, N - (4 - hydroxyphenyl) -
  11. Acetamide, N - (p - hydroxyphenyl) -
  12. Acetaminofen
  13. Acetaminophen
  14. Algotropyl
  15. Alvedon
  16. Amadil
  17. Anaflon
  18. Anelix
  19. Apamid
  20. Apamide
  21. Ben - u - ron
  22. Bickie - mol
  23. Calpol
  24. Cetadol
  25. Clixodyne
  26. Datril
  27. Dial - a - gesic
  28. Dirox
  29. Dymadon
  30. Eneril
  31. Febrilix
  32. Febro - gesic
  33. Febrolin
  34. Fendon
  35. Finimal
  36. Hedex
  37. Homoolan
  38. Lestemp
  39. Liquagesic
  40. Lonarid
  1. Lyteca
  2. Lyteca syrup
  3. Multin
  4. N - (4 - Hydroxyphenyl) acetamide
  5. N - Acetyl - p - aminophenol
  6. N - Acetyl - para - aminophenol
  7. NAPA (analgesic)
  8. NCI - C55801
  9. Napafen
  10. Napap
  11. Naprinol
  12. Nobedon
  13. Pacemo
  14. Panadol
  15. Panets
  16. Paracetamol
  17. Paracetamole
  18. Paracetamolo (Italian)
  19. Paracetamolum
  20. Parmol
  21. Pedric
  22. Phendon
  23. Phenol, p - acetamido -
  24. Pyrinazine
  25. SK - Apap
  26. Tabalgin
  27. Tapar
  28. Temlo
  29. Tempanal
  30. Tempra
  31. Tralgon
  32. Tussapap
  33. Tylenol
  34. Valadol
  35. Valgesic
  36. p - Acetamidophenol
  37. p - Acetaminophenol
  38. p - Acetylaminophenol
  39. p - Hydroxyacetanilide


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 70 mg/L/24 hour PCBRD2 209A,365,1986
cytogenetic analysis hamster fibroblast 60 mg/L ESKHA5 (96),55,1978
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 10 mg/L ATSUDG 4,41,1980
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 200 mg/L NEZAAQ 37,673,1982
cytogenetic analysis oral
human 		42,860 µg/kg MUREAV 209,161,1988
cytogenetic analysis oral
mouse 		50 mg/kg CYTBAI 27,27,1980
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
mouse 		200 mg/kg MUREAV 278,253,1992
DNA damage hamster lung 3 mmol/L MUREAV 204,333,1988
DNA damage mouse liver 1 mmol/L TXAPA9 111,242,1991
DNA damage intraperitoneal
mouse 		300 mg/kg TOXID9 66,362,2002
DNA inhibition hamster lung 160 µmol/L MUTAEX 3,51,1988
DNA inhibition human lymphocyte 300 µmol/L MUREAV 261,1,1991
unscheduled DNA synthesis mouse liver 7,500 µmol/L MUREAV 164,167,1986
unscheduled DNA synthesis oral
mouse 		84 gm/kg/40 week- continuous TXAPA9 96,494,1988
unscheduled DNA synthesis rat liver 10 mmol/L MUREAV 164,167,1986
unscheduled DNA synthesis oral
rat 		500 mg/kg MUREAV 320,189,1994
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 100 µg/disc (+enzymatic activation step) JNUDAT 34,183,1992
micronucleus test hamster lung 50 mg/L MUREAV 272,223,1992
micronucleus test oral
human 		42,857 µg/kg/8 hour- intermittent MUREAV 227,147,1989
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		100 mg/kg JPMSAE 80,761,1991
micronucleus test rat kidney 10 mmol/L MUREAV 189,299,1987
morphological transform mouse embryo 1 gm/L CNREA8 49,1038,1989
other mutation test systems hamster lung 3 mmol/L TIVIEQ 3,13,1989
other mutation test systems human lymphocyte 200 mg/L NEZAAQ 37,673,1982
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 200 mg/L PCBRD2 209A,365,1986
sister chromatid exchange hamster lung 1 mmol/L MUTAEX 3,51,1988
sister chromatid exchange oral
human 		42,860 µg/kg MUREAV 261,1,1991
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 1 mmol/L MUREAV 261,1,1991
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
mouse 		50 mg/kg MUREAV 278,253,1992
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction oral
mouse 		25 mg/kg CARYAB 38,347,1985


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) CYTBAI 27,27,1980
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		TOXID9 4,170,1984
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		TOXID9 4,166,1984
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system TOXID9 4,166,1984
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,430 mg/kg (2 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female TOSCF2 56,150,2000
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 15,730 mg/kg (8 day prior to copulation/1-3 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility

Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus 		TOSCF2 56,150,2000
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 49 gm/kg (7 day male/7 day prior to copulation/21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) NTIS** #PB85204667/AS
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 370 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) NTIS** #PB85204667/AS
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system NTIS** #PB85204667/AS
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system NTIS** #PB85204667/AS
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg (3 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus ZYDXDM 27,49,1998
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg (8-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		JPMSAE 66,111,1977
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 12,500 mg/kg (14 day prior to copulation/1-11 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material) TJADAB 26(1),42A,1982
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg (3 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects 		ZYDXDM 22,196,1993
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 35 gm/kg (70 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Other effects on male 		ATSUDG 7,164,1984
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 24.5 mg/kg (8-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TSPSA* -,258,2003
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility FESTAS 38,238,1982
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 650 mg/kg (29 week pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Apgar score (human only)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects 		ADCHAK 58,631,1983
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 417 mg/kg (20 week pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system 		BJOGAS 91,286,1984
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,300 mg/kg (31-32 week pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects 		BJOGAS 96,491,1989


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 135 gm/kg/77 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Tumors 		CRNGDP 4,363,1983
oral
mouse 		toxic dose : 270 gm/kg/77 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Endocrine: Other changes 		CRNGDP 4,363,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 164 gm/kg/78 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors 		ACPADQ 93,367,1985
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 329 gm/kg/78 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		ACPADQ 93,367,1985
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 218,400 mg/kg/104 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Leukemia 		NTIS** PB93-227478


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intracerebral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,143 µg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia EJPHAZ 503,209,2004
intraperitoneal
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg Liver: Change in gall bladder structure or function

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		BPBLEO 27,1792,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 367 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		ARZNAD 15,520,1965
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		CALEDQ 174,73,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		BCPCA6 61,925,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		FCTOD7 39,271,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Liver function tests impaired 		TOSCF2 65,135,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic TOSCF2 65,135,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Liver: Liver function tests impaired 		VHTODE 42,146,2000
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		JPETAB 303,468,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose : 600 mg/kg N/R TOXID9 72,196,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 600 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal TXAPA9 191,211,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases TXAPA9 192,119,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TOSCF2 65,135,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function 		TXAPA9 181,133,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TXAPA9 184,27,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TXAPA9 184,27,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TXCYAC 189,173,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 600 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TOSCF2 73,220,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TOSCF2 76,229,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Liver: Other changes 		TOLED5 132,1,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		BJPCBM 143,33,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal TXAPA9 197,301,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose : 600 mg/kg Liver: Other changes TOXID9 44,13,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TOXID9 44,14,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TOXID9 44,14,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TOXID9 44,47,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 44,214,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TOXID9 44,360,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function 		TOXID9 44,380,2005
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired TOXID9 66,87,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes 		TOXID9 66,279,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		CRTOEC 16,295,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Blood: Change in clotting factors 		FCTOD7 44,393,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Other changes TOXID9 66,362,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (30 percent kill): 600 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Liver: Other changes 		TOXID9 66,364,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function TOXID9 60,352,2001
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TXAPA9 210,157,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 151 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		CRTOEC 17,1551,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 529 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		CRTOEC 17,1551,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TOLED5 160,204,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose : 300 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 307,67,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TOXID9 90,116,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease PHTOEH 93,33,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		EJPHAZ 543,133,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation EJPHAZ 543,133,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		FCTOD7 44,1138,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (80 percent kill): 600 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Liver: Liver function tests impaired 		JPETAB 316,507,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TXAPA9 211,157,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TXAPA9 216,98,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		TOLED5 160,204,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		BPBLEO 29,1618,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXAPA9 223,56,2007
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TOSCF2 92,33,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease

Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum 		PHTOEH 93,33,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		BJPCBM 143,33,2004
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Blood: Changes in spleen

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		CRTOEC 20,20,2007
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg Blood: Changes in spleen

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response 		CRTOEC 20,20,2007
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg Blood: Changes in spleen

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		CRTOEC 20,20,2007
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 400 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases BPBLEO 29,472,2006
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TXCYAC 244,25,2008
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 529 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TXCYAC 243,249,2008
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TXAPA9 226,74,2008
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia FTRPAE 71,143,2000
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Change in clotting factors

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TOXID9 -,171,2008
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,205 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Tremor 		SSSEAK 57,561,1979
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg Liver: Tumors

Endocrine: Tumors

Blood: Tumors 		JJATDK 20,427,2000
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		EKFAE9 59,43,1996
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose : 600 mg/kg N/R TOXID9 72,196,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TOXID9 72,196,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TXAPA9 181,106,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		JOETD7 56,193,1997
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia BJPCBM 139,49,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 60,118,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes 		TOXID9 66,363,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg Liver: Other changes TOXID9 60,346,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation TOXID9 90,341,2006
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 1 gm/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in blood vessels or in circulation of kidney

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed 		JPETAB 315,987,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,200 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed 		CYLPDN 23,503,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 763 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases HETOEA 23,49,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,089 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		HETOEA 23,49,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Analgesia 		NSAPCC 369(Suppl 1),R174,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		PHREP* 57,596,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 835 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases 		FCTOD7 46,1771,2008
intraspinal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,143 µg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia EJPHAZ 503,209,2004
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 826 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia AIPTAK 149,571,1964
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 60,352,2001
intravenous
pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 1 gm/kg Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		VHTODE 30,324,1988
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 430 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Na 		JPETAB 306,478,2003
multiple
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,143 µg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia EJPHAZ 503,209,2004
oral
child 		lowest published toxic dose: 591 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Aplastic anemia 		CPEDAM 33,42,1994
oral
child 		lowest published lethal dose: 360 mg/kg/2 day Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Liver: Other changes

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other 		JOPDAB 92,832,1978
oral
child 		lowest published toxic dose: 801 mg/kg Behavioral: General anesthetic

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Liver: Other changes 		PEDIAU 61,68,1978
oral
child 		lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg Cardiac: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		AJEMEN 6,510,1988
oral
child 		lowest published lethal dose: 140 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Behavioral: Coma

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		MJAUAJ 171,472,1999
oral
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 2 gm/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Blood: Changes in spleen

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		IYKEDH 24,602,1993
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,620 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Tremor 		JAPMA8 47,479,1958
oral
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 143 mg/kg Behavioral: General anesthetic BMJOAE 282,199,1981
oral
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 357 mg/kg Behavioral: Anorexia (human)

Behavioral: Coma

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		LANCAO 1,66,1973
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 166.7 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse BMJOAE 288,50,1984
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 283.5 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Interstitial nephritis

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed 		JTCTDW 39,441,2001
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Behavioral: Headache CODEDG 43,60,2000
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 8.3 mg/kg Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other CLPTAT 67,591,2000
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 307.2 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) CTOXAO 39,441,2001
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 71.4 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed CTOXAO 1,31,2005
oral
infant 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,440 mg/kg/6 day Behavioral: Irritability

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase 		AJDCAI 137,386,1983
oral
mammal (species unspecified) 		lowest published lethal dose: 512 mg/kg N/R USXXAM #4035499
oral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 714 mg/kg Liver: Other changes HUTODJ 1,25,1981
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 714 mg/kg Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above PGMJAO 69,52,1993
oral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 143 mg/kg/24 hour- intermittent Behavioral: Anorexia (human)

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Jaundice, other or unclassified 		AJMEAZ 74,349,1983
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 9,286 µg/kg Eye: Other eye effects

Ear: Tumors

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other 		LLRGDY 50(Suppl 26),206,1995
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 404 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Blood: Change in clotting factors

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		AANEAB 47,1145,2003
oral
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TOXID9 78,261,2004
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 338 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 19,20,1971
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Liver function tests impaired 		TOXID9 72,10,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),350,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 146.1 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		JPETAB 307,699,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXCYAC 219,187,2006
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		JTSCDR 31,23,2006
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		JTSCDR 31,23,2006
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 559 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		BMECEP 15,2206,2007
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		ETPAEK 59,319,2007
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia FTRPAE 74,486,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Multiple effects

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TOXID9 12,400,2008
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,944 mg/kg N/R USXXAM #4636513
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) ABCPO* 47,1129,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia BJPCBM 129,77,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 151 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases 		TOLED5 135,S130,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg Liver: Other changes TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),340,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 gm/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		JOETD7 49,119,1995
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TOXID9 44,205,2005
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,500 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TOXID9 66,11,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TOXID9 44,389,2005
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Effect on specific coenzyme: NAD, NADP

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Xanthine, purine or nucleotides including urate 		TOXID9 78,173,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on cyclic nucleotides 		TOXID9 78,173,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) 		TOXID9 78,173,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes TOXID9 60,167,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,000 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 60,303,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TXAPA9 215,306,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		JPETAB 318,792,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation JPETAB 318,792,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes 		JTSCDR 31,491,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		JTSCDR 31,49,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,250 mg/kg/6 hour Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Liver: Other changes 		MUREAV 549,147,2004
oral
rat 		lethal dose (40 percent kill): 2,500 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		TXCYAC 243,261,2008
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation 		AJPHT* 1,17,2006
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		IRJPH* 4,64,2005
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		IRJPH* 6,63,2007
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease FTRPAE 74,345,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Liver: Other changes 		JTSCDR 32,401,2007
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		JTSCDR 32,469,2007
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		FCLPH* 18(Suppl 1),121,2004
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease FTRPAE 71,147,2000
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 325 mg/kg Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		PGMJAO 68,116,1992
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,962 µg/kg Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas

Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Blood: Other changes 		JTCTDW 29,223,1991
oral
woman 		lowest published lethal dose: 260 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		JAMAAP 236,1874,1976
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 490 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		SMJOAV 71,906,1978
oral
woman 		lowest published lethal dose: 650 mg/kg Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

Vascular: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis 		AJEMEN 6,511,1988
oral
woman 		lowest published lethal dose: 400 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma

Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic alkalosis 		JTCTDW 35,325,1997
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 13 mg/kg Behavioral: Excitement LLRGDY 50(Suppl 26),206,1995
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 416.7 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Blood: Change in clotting factors

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		AANEAB 47,1145,2003
oral
woman 		lowest published lethal dose: 474 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse 		AANEAB 47,1145,2003
parenteral
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function 		MOCAE8 60,907,2001
parenteral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function 		MOCAE8 60,907,2001
parenteral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Other changes TOXID9 44,12,2005
parenteral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TOXID9 44,13,2005
parenteral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 44,215,2005
parenteral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function 		TOXID9 44,215,2005
parenteral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TOXID9 78,105,2004
parenteral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TOXID9 44,13,2005
parenteral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal TOXID9 44,27,2005
subcutaneous
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Behavioral: Ataxia

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		AEXPBL 33,216,1894
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 310 mg/kg N/R HUTODJ 3,13S,1984
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 116 mg/kg Blood: Eosinophilia

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		JPETAB 305,755,2003
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 149 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia EJPHAZ 538,57,2006
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		EJPHAZ 538,57,2006
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 499 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia BJPCBM 129,77,2000
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease BIPBU* 24,1149,2001
unreported route
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 891 mg/kg N/R GISAAA 48(6),22,1983
unreported route
mouse 		lethal dose : 600 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TOXID9 72,195,2003
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 370.4 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),350,2003
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response 		TOXID9 44,185,2005
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 44,472,2005
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 60,267,2001
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TOXID9 90,100,2006
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TOXID9 90,100,2006
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		TOXID9 44,379,2005
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other TOXID9 44,379,2005
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia TOXID9 90,331,2006
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Analgesia 		TOXID9 90,331,2006
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain TOXID9 90,331,2006
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg N/R TOXID9 90,331,2006
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg Behavioral: Analgesia

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		FCLPH* 19,239,2005


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes TOXID9 66,116,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,600 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		UBZHD4 68(6),92,1996
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.1 gm/kg/4 day- intermittent Behavioral: Tolerance

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in blood vessels or in circulation of kidney 		JPETAB 315,987,2005
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,800 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Analgesia 		NSAPCC 369(Suppl 1),R174,2004
multiple
infant 		lowest published toxic dose: 232 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Vascular: Thromobosis distant from injection site

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		HOKMJ* 10,61,2004
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/3 week- intermittent Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, allergic

Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) 		CODEDG 43,60,2000
oral
infant 		lowest published toxic dose: 175 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse 		AJEMEN 23,94,2005
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 136 gm/kg/13 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-394,1992
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 336 gm/kg/40 week- continuous Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight 		TXAPA9 96,494,1988
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 19,600 mg/kg/14 day- continuous Behavioral: Food intake (animal) NTIS** #PB85204667/AS
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes TOXID9 66,116,2002
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,800 mg/kg/3 day- continuous Blood: Changes in spleen TXAPA9 226,46,2008
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,680 mg/kg/4 week- continuous Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response TXAPA9 226,46,2008
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,080 mg/kg/2 week- continuous Liver: Other changes CRNGDP 26,689,2005
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 105 gm/kg/35 day- continuous Liver: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		KSRNAM 4,2536,1970
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 68 gm/kg/13 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-394,1992
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6,080 mg/kg/19 day- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		IYKEDH 24,615,1993
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,000 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Liver: Multiple effects FATOAO 47,105,1984
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,000 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		EKFAE9 61,48,1998
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 67.2 gm/kg/28 day- continuous Liver: Other changes TOXID9 72,235,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,000 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TOXID9 78,105,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 15,000 mg/kg/30 day- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		JPETAB 305,123,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,250 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		TXCYAC 243,261,2008
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 910 mg/kg/1 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Changes in cerebral spinal fluid

Behavioral: Analgesia

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		FCLPH* 18(Suppl 1),89,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 63,700 mg/kg/13 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight MOCAE8 42,9,2005
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,600 mg/kg/8 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases 		ETPAEK 59,139,2007
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Blood: Hemorrhage

Blood: Change in clotting factors 		APHRER 38,1432,2004
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 4.2 gm/kg/6 week- intermittent Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		JEMME* 23,253,2002
unreported route
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.64 gm/kg/8 day- intermittent Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		MJAUAJ 186,371,2007


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 50,307,1990
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 50,307,1990
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 73,401,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 73,401,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 73,401,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
REPTED 17,255,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 127,135,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CTOXAO 12,601,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NTIS** PB282-666
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
OBGNAS 58,57S,1981
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NEJMAG 342,186,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTCTDW 38,291,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 488,151,2001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,3,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,53,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
APHRER 381,46,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 144,279,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 144,383,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 144,383,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 144,383,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 24,55,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 23,548,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JEMME* 23,253,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EMMUEG 43,143,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 24,245,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 24,154,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TPHSDY 24,524,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ARPTDI 45,177,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
APHRER 38,146,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
APHRER 38,1935,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JPETAB 315,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AINCM* 7,63,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AINCM* 7,63,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BPCEM* 17,237,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BPCEM* 17,237,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,18,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DIMON* 39,678,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EJPHAZ 549,1,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BJPCBM 143,1,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOPADD 32(Suppl. 2),71,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FCLPH* 17,393,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AJEMEN 22,404,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 654,114,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 654,114,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 659,31,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HUTOX* -,247,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 657,84,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HUTOX* -,411,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
SIMEJ* 47,134,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MCLNA* 92,761,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MCLNA* 89,1145,2005


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 0.5 mg/m3, JUN2003


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 80396;
Number of Industries 7;
Total Number of Facilities 1,829;
Number of Occupations 14;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 9,269
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 80396;
Number of Industries 7;
Total Number of Facilities 1,261;
Number of Occupations 26;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 65,107;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 56,260


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a chemical intermediate, pharmaceutical and veterinary drug
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (feed);equivocal evidence:rat
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (feed);no evidence:mouse


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
AANEAB Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.1- 1957-
ABCPO* Acta Biochimica Polonica (Published by Polish Biochemical Society and the Committee of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, L.Pasteura 3 02-093 Warszawa, Poland) V.1- 1954-
ACPADQ Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica, Section A: Pathology. (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.90-95, 1982-87.
ADCHAK Archives of Disease in Childhood. (British Medical Journal, POB 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1926-
AEXPBL Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-109, 1873-1925. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
AINCM* Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (Abingdon: Medicine Pub. Co.) V.1- 2000-
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898-
AJDCAI American Journal of Diseases of Children. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1-80(3), 1911-50; V.100- 1960-
AJEMEN American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA) V.1- 1983-
AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946-
AJPHT*
APHRER Annals of Pharmacotherpy. (Harvey Whitney Books Co., POB 42696, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V. 26- 1992-
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ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
ATSUDG Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 1978-
BCPCA6 Biochemical Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1958-
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BJOGAS British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.82- 1975-
BJPCBM British Journal of Pharmacology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.34- 1968-
BMECEP Biorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. (Elsevier Science, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK) V.1 1993-
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857-
BPBLEO Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. (Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2-12-15-201 Shibuya Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.16- 1993-
BPCEM* Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (Elsevier Ltd.) V.13- 1999-
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975-
CARYAB Caryologia. (Via G. LaPira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy) V.1- 1948-
CLPTAT Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, St. Louis Mo Mosby-Year Book) V.1- 1960-
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
CODEDG Contact Dermatitis. Environmental and Occupational Dermatitis. (Munksgaard International Pub., c/o Publications Expediting Inc., 200 Meacham Ave., Elmont, NY 11003) V.1- 1975-
CPEDAM Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1962-
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
CRTOEC Chemical Research in Toxicology. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57/36, West End Station, Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1988-
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW.
CYLPDN Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1980-
CYTBAI Cytobios. (Faculty Press, 88 Regent St., Cambridge, UK) V.1- 1969-
DIMON* Disease-a Month (Chicago : Year Book Publishers) V. 24- 1978-
EJPHAZ European Journal of Pharmacology. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1967-
EKFAE9 Eksperimental'naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. (Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, ul. B. Yakimanka, 39, 117049 Moscow, Russia) V.55- 1992-
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
ENTOX* Encyclopedia of Toxicology: Reference Book, Elsevier, 2005
ESKHA5 Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku. Bulletin of the Institute of Hygienic Sciences. (Kokuritsu Eisei Shikenjo Kagaku, 18-1 Bushitsu Johobu, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158, Japan) V.1- 1886-
ETPAEK Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology. (Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, Postfach 100537, D-07705 Jena, Germany) V.44- 1992-
FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939-
FCLPH* Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology (Oxford : Blackwell Science) 2001-
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FESTAS Fertility and Sterility. (American Fertility Soc., 608 13th Ave. S, Birmingham, AL 35282) V.1- 1950-
FTRPAE Fitoterapia. (Inverni della Beffa SpA, via Ripamonti, 99, 20141 Milan, Italy) V.18- 1947-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
HETOEA Human & Experimental Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 2XS, UK) V.9- 1990-
HOKMJ* Hong Kong Medical Journal (Published by the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine and the Hong Kong Medical Association, 10th Floor, 99 Wong Chuk Hang Road, Aberdeen, Hong Kong, China)-
HUTODJ Human Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants., RG 21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1981-
HUTOX*
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
IRJPH*
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970-
JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1883-
JAPMA8 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition. (Washington, DC) V.29-49, 1940-60. For publisher information, see JPMSAE.
JEMME* The Journal of emergency medicine (New York : Pergamon Press) V.1- 1983-
JJATDK JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK) V.1- 1981-
JNUDAT Journal of Nihon University School of Dentistry. (Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101, Japan) V.1- 1958-
JOETD7 Journal of Ethnopharmacology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1979-
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932-
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
JPMSAE Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.50- 1961-
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982-
JTSCDR Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976-
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960-
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
LLRGDY Allergy. (Munksgaard International Publishers Ltd., POB 2148, 35 Norre Sogade, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.33- 1978-
MCLNA*
MJAUAJ Medical Journal of Australia. (Australasian Medical Pub. Co. Ltd., 71-79 Arundel St., Glebe, N.S.W., Australia) V.1- 1914-
MOCAE8 Molecular Carcinogenesis. (John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158) V.1- 1988-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-
NEJMAG New England Journal of Medicine. (Massachusetts Medical Soc., 10 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115) V.198- 1928-
NEZAAQ Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Hygiene. (Nippon Eisei Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1946-
NSAPCC Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. (Springer Verlag, Heidelberger, Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.272- 1972-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
OBGNAS Obstetrics and Gynecology. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1953-
PCBRD2 Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1975-
PEDIAU Pediatrics. (American Academy of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 1034, Evanston, IL 60204) V.1- 1948-
PGMJAO Postgraduate Medical Journal. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1925-
PHREP*
PHTOEH Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987-
REPTED Reproductive Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
SIMEJ*
SMJOAV Southern Medical Journal. (Southern Medical Assoc., POB 2446, Birmingham, AL 35205) V.1- 1908-
SSSEAK Studi Sassaresi, Sezione 2. (Societa Sassarese di Scienze Mediche e Naturali, Via Muroni 23-A, I-07100 Sassari, Italy) V.42- 1964-
TIVIEQ Toxicology In Vitro. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOPADD Toxicologic Pathology. (c/o Dr. F.A. de la Iglesia, Warner-Lambert Co., Pharmaceutical Research Div., POB 1047, Ann Arbor, MI 48106) V.6(3/4)- 1978-
TOSCF2 Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V. 41, Jan. 1998-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TPHSDY Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1979-
TSPSA*
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
UBZHD4 Ukrainskii Biokhimicheskii Zhurnal. Ukranian Biochemical Journal. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.50- 1978-
USXXAM United States Patent Document. (U.S. Patent Office, Box 9, Washington, DC 20231)
VHTODE Veterinary and Human Toxicology. (American College of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology, Publication Office, Comparative Toxicology, Manhattan, KS 66506) V.19- 1977-
ZYDXDM Zhejiang Yike Daxue Xuebao. Journal of Zhejiang Medical University. (Zhejiang Yike Daxue, Yan'an Lu, Hanzhou, Zhejiang, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1972(?)-

Used as a chemical intermediate, pharmaceutical and veterinary drug

FDA-over the counter and proprietary drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

ALT CAS #: 8055-08-1
 Click Here for Additional Information about RTECS

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