PURPOSE:  To enhance miners´ ability to switch from one self-contained self-rescuer (SCSR) to another if needed during escape from an underground mine and to provide expectations training.

RESEARCH SUMMARY:  According to section 2(3)(b)(2)(E)(iii)(IV) of the 2006 MINER Act, each underground coal miner must be trained in the proper procedures for donning self-rescuers, switching from one unit to another, and ensuring a proper fit. At the time MSHA promulgated the final rule on emergency mine evacuation, there was no procedure for switching from one SCSR to another. NIOSH, in partnership with MSHA and original equipment manufacturers, undertook the task of developing such a procedure. This effort also included development of expectations training to teach miners a) what to expect from the SCSR unit during an emergency and b) what to expect from themselves and fellow miners during escape.

The goal of this project was to develop a procedure for switching from one SCSR to another, minimizing the amount of time a miner would have to hold his or her breath. Researchers investigated various potential procedures in NIOSH laboratories with the goal of developing a universal donning sequence that would isolate a miner´s lungs quickly and work equally well for all apparatus. The procedure developed involved working back and forth between the two devices in order to complete the necessary steps to change out the units. Using this procedure, the critical steps of activating the oxygen and swapping out the mouthpiece and noseclips can be accomplished in less than 10 seconds:

1. kneel
2. prepare the second SCSR
3. swap neck straps
4. activate the oxygen
5. swap mouthpieces and noseclips
6. swap waist strap
7. swap goggles
8. replace cap and move out

In addition, NIOSH developed an expectations training program for miners. Researchers collected data through interviews with miners who had worn apparatus either in training or during an escape, manufacturers, and other NIOSH researchers. Studies on human behavior in escape and responses in previous mine emergencies were reviewed. Potential physical and psychological consequences of donning an SCSR were determined.

NIOSH researchers next consulted with MSHA on the development of training modules for each SCSR on the market. As part of the development process, the procedure was demonstrated several times to a cross section of stakeholders including SCSR manufacturers, industry and labor representatives, and enforcement personnel whose input helped shape the training modules. Each module consists of a videotape/DVD that illustrates the procedure being performed, an instructor´s guide that covers inspection, storage, care and maintenance, donning procedures, transfer procedures, and an expectations component. An information circular detailing how to clean and disinfect SCSR training equipment is also included. These training materials are being distributed from MSHA´s training academy in Beckley, WV.