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All Agents >> Incapacitating Agents >> FENTANYL >> Additional Sampling and Analysis Information

Additional Sampling and Analysis Information
Incapacitating Agent: FENTANYL

• AIR MATRIX
  Heusler H [1985]. Quantitative analysis of common anaesthetic agents. J Chromatogr: Biomed Appl 340:273-319.
  
  Suzuki S [1989]. Spectrometric discrimination of five monomethylated fentanyl isomers including fentanyl by gas chromatography/Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 43(1):15-19.
  
  

• OTHER
  No references were identified for this sampling matrix for this agent.
  
  

• SOIL MATRIX
  No references were identified for this sampling matrix for this agent.
  
  

• SURFACES
  Henderson GL, Harkey MR, Jones AD [1990]. Rapid screening of fentanyl (China White) powder samples by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. J Anal Toxicol 14(3):172-175.
  
  Lambropoulos J, Spanos GA, Lazaridis NV [2000]. Development and validation of an HPLC assay for fentanyl, alfentanil, and sufentanil in swab samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 23(2-3):421-428.
  
  

• WATER
  Björkman S, Stanski DR [1988]. Simultaneous determination of fentanyl and alfentanil in rat tissues by capillary column gas chromatography. J Chromatogr B: Biomed Sci Appl 433:95-104.
  
  Bjorksten AR, Chan C, Crankshaw DP [2002]. Determination of remifentanil in human blood by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-selective detection. J Chromatogr B 775(1):97-101.
  
  Caldwell R, Challenger H [1989]. A capillary column gas-chromatographic method for the identification of drugs of abuse in urine samples. Ann Clin Biochem 26(5):430-443.
  
  Choi HS, Shin HC, Khang G, Rhee JM, Lee HB [2001]. Quantitative analysis of fentanyl in rat plasma by gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detection. J Chromatogr B: Biomed Sci Appl 765(1):63-69.
  
  Cooper D, Jacob M, Allen A [1986]. Identification of fentanyl derivatives by IR, NMR, and mass spectral analysis. J Forensic Sci 31(2):511-528.
  
  Drummer OH [1999]. Chromatographic screening techniques in systematic toxicological analysis. J Chromatogr B: Biomed Sci Appl 733(1-2):27-45.
  
  Fryirsa B, Woodhouse A, Huang JL, Dawson M, Mather LE [1997]. Determination of subnanogram concentrations of fentanyl in plasma by gas chromatography––mass spectrometry: comparison with standard radioimmunoassay. J Chromatogr B: Biomed Sci Appl 688(1):79-85.
  
  Guitton J, Dsage M, Alamercery S, Dutruch L, Dautraix S, Perdrix JP, Brazier JL [1997].Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry and gas chromatographic–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy assay for the simultaneous identification of fentanyl metabolites. J Chromatogr B: Biomed Sci Appl 693(1):59-70.
  
  Hammargren WR, Henderson GL [1988]. Analyzing nor-metabolites of the fentanyls by gas chromatography—electron-capture detection. J Anal Toxicol 12(4):183-191.
  
  Heusler H [1985]. Quantitative analysis of common anaesthetic agents. J Chromatogr: Biomed Appl 340:273-319.
  
  Hill DW, Langner KJ [1987]. High performance liquid chromatography photodiode array UV detection for toxicological drug analysis. J Liq Chromatogr 10(2-3):377-409.
  
  Hu N, Guo H, Lin S [1994]. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of a fentanyl derivative at a mercury electrode. Talanta 41(8):1269-1274.
  
  Kastrissios H, Hung MF, Triggs EJ [1992]. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of bupivacaine, 2,6-pipecoloxylidide and 4'-hydroxybupivacaine in plasma and urine. J Chromatogr: Biomed Appl 577(1):103-107.
  
  Kintz P, Mangin P, Lugner AA, Chaumont AJ [1989]. Simultaneous determination of fentanyl and its major metabolites and fentanyl analogues using gas chromatography and nitrogen-selective detection. J Chromatogr B: Biomed Sci Appl 489(2):459-461.
  
  Kowalski SR, Gourlay GK, Cherry DA, McLean CF [1987]. Sensitive gas liquid chromatography method for the determination of fentanyl concentrations in blood. J Pharmacol Methods 18(4):347-355.
  
  Kumar K, Ballantyne JA, Baker AB [1996]. A sensitive assay for the simultaneous measurement of alfentanil and fentanyl in plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 14(6):667-673.
  
  Kumar K, Morgan DJ, Crankshaw DP [1987]. Determination of fentanyl and alfentanil in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr: Biomed Appl 419:464-468.
  
  Levi V, Scott JC, White PF, Sade W [1987]. Improved radioreceptor assay of opiate narcotics in human serum: application to fentanyl and morphine metabolism. Pharm Res 4(1):46-49.
  
  Lillsunde P, Korte T [1991]. Comprehensive drug screening in urine using solid-phase extraction and combined TLC and GC/MS identification. J Anal Toxicol 15(2):71-81.
  
  Lurie IS, Allen AC [1984]. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of fentanyl homologues and analogues. II. Variables affecting hydrophobic group contribution. J Chromatogr A 292(2):283-294.
  
  Moore JM, Allen Ac, Cooper DA, Carr SM [1986]. Determination of fentanyl and related compounds by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Anal Chem 58(8):1656-1660.
  
  Neill GP, Davies NW, McLean S [1991]. Automated screening procedure using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for identification of drugs after their extraction from biological samples. J Chromatogr 565(1-2):207-224.
  
  Peng LJ, Wen ML, Yao Y [2002]. Potentiometric determination of fentanyl in pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 30(3):667-673.
  
  Szeitz A, Riggs KW, Harvey-Clark C [1996]. Sensitive and selective assay for fentanyl using gas chromatography with mass selective detection. J Chromatogr B: Biomed Sci Appl 675(1):33-42.
  
  Tobin T, Kwiatkowski S, Watt DS, Tai HH, Tai CL, Woods WE, Goodman JP, Taylor DG, Weckman TJ, Yang JM, Tai JD, Stanley SD, Wood T, Chang SL, Blake JW, McDonald J, Wie S, Prange CA, Uboh CE [1989]. Immunoassay detection of drugs in racing horses. ELISA and RIA detection of fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil and carfentanil in equine blood and urine. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 63(1):129-152.
  
  Tobin T, Tai HH, Tai CL, Houtz PK, Dai MR, Woods WE, Yang JM, Weckman TJ, Chang SL, Blake JW, McDonald J, Gall R, Wiedenbach P, Bass VD, Deleon B, Ozog FJ, Green M, Brockus C, Stobert D, Wie S, Prange CA [1988]. Immunoassay detection of drugs in racing horses. IV. Detection of fentanyl and its congeners in equine blood and urine by a one step ELISA assay. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 60(1):97-115.
  
  Watts V, Caplan Y [1988]. Determination of fentanyl in whole blood at subnanogram concentrations by dual capillary column gas chromatography with nitrogen sensitive detectors and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 12(5):246-254.
  
  Wilson TD, Maloney T, Amsden WB [1988]. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of fentanyl citrate in a parenteral dosage form. J Chromatogr A 445:299-304.
  
  Yuansheng L, Yutian W, Jing Z, Zhenxing Z, Zhanxi Q, Shen G, Quinghong K, Xinhua W [1996]. Capillary GC determination of fentanyl and midazolam in human plasma. Microchem J 53(1):130-136.