NIOSH/Document/Fatal Injuries to Civilian Workers in the United States, 1980-1995 (National Profile)

National Data

Table US-1. Number and Rate (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by Year, US, 1980-1995.

YEAR OF DEATH	NUMBER OF DEATHS	RATE PER 100,000
1980	7,343	7.4
1981	7,061	7.0
1982	6,378	6.4
1983	5,784	5.7
1984	6,113	5.8
1985	6,192	5.8
1986	5,624	5.1
1987	5,813	5.2
1988	5,710	5.0
1989	5,679	4.8
1990	5,384	4.6
1991	5,219	4.5
1992	5,032	4.3
1993	5,286	4.4
1994	5,406	4.4
1995	5,314	4.3
Total	93,338	5.2

Table US-2. Number and Average Annual Rate (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by State of Death, US, 1980-1995.

STATE	NO. OF DEATHS	RATE PER 100,000
Alabama	1,864	6.8
Alaska	897	24.3
Arizona	590	2.4
Arkansas	1,335	8.2
California	9,670	4.7
Colorado	1,631	6.2
Connecticut	445	1.7
Delaware	203	4.0
Dist Columbia	296	6.3
Florida	5,596	6.5
Georgia	3,253	7.1
Hawaii	348	4.4
Idaho	784	10.7
Illinois	4,169	4.9
Indiana	2,284	5.5
Iowa	1,373	6.2
Kansas	1,177	6.1
Kentucky	2,037	8.0
Louisiana	2,288	8.3
Maine	404	4.6
Maryland	1,213	3.3
Massachusetts	990	2.1
Michigan	2,433	3.7
Minnesota	1,093	3.1
Mississippi	1,683	10.1
Missouri	1,815	4.8

STATE	NO. OF DEATHS	RATE PER 100,000
Montana	750	12.4
Nebraska	1,004	8.0
Nevada	678	7.7
New Hampshire	256	3.0
New Jersey	1,523	2.6
New Mexico	755	7.5
New York	3,567	2.8
North Carolina	2,657	5.4
North Dakota	441	8.9
Ohio	2,662	3.4
Oklahoma	1,328	5.8
Oregon	1,546	7.3
Pennsylvania	3,926	4.7
Rhode Island	194	2.6
South Carolina	1,408	5.8
South Dakota	495	9.2
Tennessee	1,970	5.7
Texas	9,423	7.7
Utah	926	7.8
Vermont	194	4.4
Virginia	2,495	5.4
Washington	1,783	5.2
West Virginia	1,142	10.4
Wisconsin	1,729	4.5
Wyoming	615	16.7

Table US-3. Number and Average Annual Rate^* (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by Sex, Race, and Age Group, US, 1980-1995.

DEMOGRAPHICS	NUMBER OF DEATHS	RATE PER 100,000
Sex
Male	87,254	8.8
Female	6,078	0.8
Unknown	6	---
Race
White	79,487	5.1
Black	10,273	5.8
Other	2,693	4.9
Unknown	885	---
Age Group
16-17	892	2.2
18-19	2,508	3.9
20-24	10,012	4.7
25-34	24,109	4.8
35-44	20,184	4.6
45-54	15,983	5.3
55-64	12,633	7.0
65+	6,922	13.6
Unknown	95	---

^* Rates not calculated for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-4. Number^* and Rate (per 100,000 workers) of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
for Sex, Race, and Age Group, by Year, US, 1980-1995.

DEMOGRAPHICS		YEAR OF DEATH
DEMOGRAPHICS		1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995
Sex
Male	No.	6,914	6,677	6,007	5,461	5,758	5,807	5,258	5,428	5,334	5,285	5,035	4,836	4,688	4,908	4,970	4,888
Male	Rate	12.3	11.6	10.7	9.6	9.7	9.7	8.6	8.7	8.4	8.2	7.8	7.6	7.3	7.5	7.5	7.3
Female	No.	429	384	371	323	355	385	366	385	376	394	349	381	343	378	433	426
Female	Rate	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.7
Race
White	No.	6,312	6,128	5,522	5,002	5,313	5,302	4,837	4,955	4,901	4,865	4,486	4,284	4,200	4,389	4,516	4,475
White	Rate	7.3	6.9	6.3	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.1	5.1	4.9	4.8	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.3	4.2
Black	No.	841	739	661	594	629	689	614	689	585	644	611	616	531	591	628	611
Black	Rate	9.2	7.9	7.2	6.3	6.2	6.6	5.7	6.1	5.0	5.4	5.1	5.2	4.4	4.9	4.9	4.6
Other	No.	126	141	137	139	138	167	123	145	142	147	147	203	222	266	252	198
Other	Rate	7.0	6.0	5.6	5.4	5.0	5.7	3.9	4.3	4.1	3.9	3.8	5.1	5.3	6.1	5.0	3.9
Age Group
16-17	No.	125	100	86	45	53	52	60	53	48	47	47	28	39	34	40	35
16-17	Rate	4.0	3.5	3.4	1.9	2.2	2.1	2.3	1.9	1.8	1.8	2.0	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.4
18-19	No.	320	267	207	204	180	155	171	146	141	123	137	101	80	86	89	101
18-19	Rate	6.9	6.1	5.1	5.0	4.4	3.9	4.4	3.7	3.4	2.9	3.3	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.6
20-24	No.	1,051	988	843	721	786	728	614	615	568	509	495	445	408	410	444	387
20-24	Rate	7.4	7.0	6.1	5.2	5.5	5.2	4.5	4.5	4.3	3.9	3.7	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.5	3.1
25-34	No.	1,842	1,896	1,641	1,472	1,644	1,682	1,519	1,550	1,550	1,561	1,403	1,332	1,241	1,294	1,296	1,186
25-34	Rate	6.8	6.7	5.8	5.1	5.4	5.4	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.1	4.0	3.8	4.0	4.0	3.7
35-44	No.	1,281	1,190	1,204	1,193	1,237	1,331	1,201	1,217	1,230	1,257	1,242	1,290	1,274	1,351	1,346	1,340
35-44	Rate	6.6	5.9	5.8	5.4	5.2	5.4	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.9
45-54	No.	1,176	1,178	1,068	939	971	939	917	913	939	970	942	926	945	1,001	1,055	1,104
45-54	Rate	7.2	7.2	6.7	5.9	6.0	5.7	5.4	5.2	5.1	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
55-64	No.	1,026	963	865	805	824	895	747	857	795	777	692	692	627	673	700	695
55-64	Rate	8.8	8.4	7.6	7.1	7.2	7.8	6.5	7.5	7.0	6.8	6.2	6.3	5.7	6.1	6.2	6.1
65+	No.	509	472	458	402	414	398	387	457	436	427	424	401	417	432	429	459
65+	Rate	17.0	15.8	15.5	13.5	14.4	14.1	13.2	15.0	13.6	12.7	12.6	12.1	12.4	12.9	11.6	12.4

^*Numbers not reported for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-5. Number^* and Average Annual Rate (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities for Race and Age Group, by Sex, US, 1980-1995.

DEMOGRAPHICS	SEX
	MALE		FEMALE
	No.	Rate	No.	Rate
Race
White	74,446	8.6	5,037	0.7
Black	9,521	10.7	752	0.8
Other	2,446	7.8	245	0.9
Age Group
16-17	814	3.8	78	0.4
18-19	2,321	7.1	186	0.6
20-24	9,262	8.2	750	0.7
25-34	22,439	8.0	1,668	0.8
35-44	18,869	7.9	1,313	0.7
45-54	15,012	9.0	970	0.7
55-64	11,966	11.4	667	0.9
65+	6,480	21.5	442	2.1

^*Numbers not reported for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-6. Number^* and Average Annual Rate (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by Age Group and Race, US, 1980-1995.

AGE GROUP	RACE
	WHITE		BLACK		OTHER
	No.	Rate	No.	Rate	No.	Rate
16-17	785	2.1	77	2.6	23	2.3
18-19	2,229	4.0	193	3.4	66	3.8
20-24	8,674	4.7	950	4.3	285	4.3
25-34	20,308	4.7	2,749	5.0	812	4.6
35-44	16,809	4.5	2,487	5.5	681	4.4
45-54	13,485	5.2	1,898	6.7	449	4.7
55-64	10,907	6.7	1,338	8.6	281	6.5
65+	6,234	13.5	560	14.6	90	9.5

^*Numbers not reported for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-7. Number and Average Annual Rate^* (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by Cause of Death and Sex, US, 1980-1995.

CAUSE OF DEATH	TOTAL		MALE		FEMALE
CAUSE OF DEATH	No.	Rate	No.	Rate	No.	Rate
Motor Vehicle	21,715	1.2	20,175	2.0	1,539	0.2
Homicide	12,863	0.7	10,302	1.0	2,560	0.3
Machine	12,334	0.7	12,053	1.2	281	< 0.1
Fall	9,070	0.5	8,760	0.9	308	< 0.1
Electrocution	6,233	0.3	6,190	0.6	43	< 0.1
Struck by Falling Object	5,984	0.3	5,917	0.6	67	< 0.1
Air Transport	3,261	0.2	3,043	0.3	218	< 0.1
Suicide	3,155	0.2	2,907	0.3	248	< 0.1
Nature/Environment	2,394	0.1	2,280	0.2	114	< 0.1
Explosion	2,344	0.1	2,254	0.2	90	< 0.1
Flying Object/Caught In	2,172	0.1	2,130	0.2	42	< 0.1
Water Transport	1,813	0.1	1,779	0.2	34	< 0.1
Suffocation	1,715	0.1	1,674	0.2	41	< 0.1
Fire	1,591	0.1	1,449	0.1	142	< 0.1
Poisoning	1,455	0.1	1,389	0.1	66	< 0.1
Drowning	1,358	0.1	1,292	0.1	66	< 0.1
Rail Transport	661	< 0.1	650	0.1	11	< 0.1
Other	2,622	0.1	2,461	0.2	159	< 0.1
Unknown/Undetermined	598	---	549	---	49	---

^* Rates not calculated for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-8. Number^* of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by Cause of Death and Year, US, 1980-1995.

CAUSE OF DEATH	YEAR OF DEATH
CAUSE OF DEATH	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995
Motor Vehicle	1,639	1,544	1,326	1,333	1,523	1,426	1,246	1,350	1,407	1,463	1,300	1,104	1,129	1,268	1,338	1,319
Homicide	913	935	854	719	657	750	681	674	714	696	735	901	888	951	928	867
Machine	979	1,025	956	798	815	837	772	826	739	745	699	678	664	623	580	598
Fall	702	699	608	545	570	635	523	576	570	553	587	491	446	476	553	536
Electrocution	575	509	498	439	484	399	440	406	381	329	320	311	270	274	294	304
Struck by Falling Object	476	442	426	383	407	431	428	420	350	371	355	341	286	295	310	263
Air Transport	283	262	251	199	236	232	201	224	163	191	141	162	180	188	179	169
Suicide	151	164	197	167	182	223	189	242	212	206	185	198	197	208	205	229
Nature/Environment	174	174	159	152	143	120	136	162	157	140	123	126	157	161	156	154
Explosion	201	254	162	166	159	199	134	111	133	159	143	112	105	102	99	105
Flying Object/Caught In	203	187	141	151	155	139	140	137	152	134	128	99	100	91	115	100
Water Transport	153	135	124	140	115	137	93	89	120	137	125	108	101	100	69	67
Suffocation	149	140	131	100	115	134	118	122	110	86	101	75	79	81	82	92
Fire	161	113	123	85	156	136	93	78	109	87	87	118	53	46	77	69
Poisoning	119	121	92	80	110	101	84	89	97	111	77	61	80	74	90	69
Drowning	109	88	98	99	102	76	77	86	66	93	77	96	66	82	79	64
Rail Transport	74	43	46	45	45	34	44	56	35	45	29	29	25	46	36	29
Other^�	226	159	129	143	115	164	151	140	167	107	137	179	181	190	190	244

^*Numbers not reported for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.
^�For the purpose of cross-classification, the �Other� category contains 47 cases coded as E970-E978 and 45 in E990-E999.

Table US-9. Rate (per 100,000 workers) of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Cause of Death and Year, US, 1980-1995.

CAUSE OF DEATH	YEAR OF DEATH
CAUSE OF DEATH	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995
Motor Vehicle	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1
Homicide	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7
Machine	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Fall	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Electrocution	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Struck by Falling Object	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Air Transport	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Suicide	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nature/Environment	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Explosion	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flying Object/Caught In	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Water Transport	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Suffocation	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fire	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.1
Poisoning	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Drowning	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rail Transport	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1
Other	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2

Table US-10. Number^* and Average Annual Rate (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by Cause of Death and Race, US, 1980-1995.

CAUSE OF DEATH	RACE
	WHITE		BLACK		OTHER
	No.	Rate	No.	Rate	No.	Rate
Motor Vehicle	19,128	1.2	2,139	1.2	359	0.7
Homicide	9,138	0.6	2,479	1.4	1,106	2.0
Machine	11,028	0.7	1,044	0.6	174	0.3
Fall	7,862	0.5	835	0.5	175	0.3
Electrocution	5,696	0.4	444	0.3	51	0.1
Struck by Falling Object	5,075	0.3	769	0.4	70	0.1
Air Transport	3,140	0.2	57	< 0.1	51	0.1
Suicide	2,855	0.2	179	0.1	103	0.2
Nature/Environment	2,072	0.1	255	0.1	41	0.1
Explosion	2,025	0.1	264	0.1	41	0.1
Flying Object/Caught In	1,847	0.1	256	0.1	41	0.1
Water Transport	1,355	0.1	197	0.1	236	0.4
Suffocation	1,504	0.1	172	0.1	26	< 0.1
Fire	1,308	0.1	226	0.1	30	0.1
Poisoning	1,254	0.1	162	0.1	23	< 0.1
Drowning	1,002	0.1	274	0.2	61	0.1
Rail Transport	561	< 0.1	81	< 0.1	8	< 0.1
Other	2,153	0.1	370	0.2	71	0.1

^*Numbers not reported for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-11. Number^*� of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Cause of Death and Age Group, US, 1980-1995.

CAUSE OF DEATH	AGE GROUP (IN YEARS)
CAUSE OF DEATH	16-17	18-19	20-24	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	65+
Motor Vehicle	223	567	2,235	5,708	4,757	3,961	2,950	1,298
Homicide	113	312	1,314	3,379	3,031	2,207	1,572	908
Machine	143	392	1,261	2,591	2,089	1,911	2,038	1,906
Fall	53	187	810	2,072	1,776	1,678	1,619	867
Electrocution	92	265	1,094	2,223	1,332	735	385	104
Struck by Falling Object	34	157	596	1,473	1,355	1,161	827	380
Air Transport	4	18	258	1,035	943	636	301	62
Suicide	19	61	282	626	752	668	536	210
Nature/Environment	30	66	231	538	523	374	360	265
Explosion	15	59	249	698	612	391	251	68
Flying Object/Caught In	20	63	283	565	459	382	295	105
Water Transport	16	60	295	568	393	267	164	45
Suffocation	30	76	220	502	363	255	188	77
Fire	10	33	165	441	331	268	194	143
Poisoning	23	56	198	467	350	198	110	53
Drowning	33	60	235	380	264	169	151	65
Rail Transport	---	10	29	145	174	163	129	10
Other	26	52	201	531	548	466	478	316

^*Numbers not reported for cells with less than 3 deaths.
^�Numbers not reported for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-12. Average Annual Rate^* (per 100,000 workers) of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Cause of Death and Age Group, US, 1980-1995.

CAUSE OF DEATH	AGE GROUP (IN YEARS)
CAUSE OF DEATH	16-17	18-19	20-24	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	65+
Motor Vehicle	0.5	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.6	2.5
Homicide	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.9	1.8
Machine	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	1.1	3.7
Fall	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.9	1.7
Electrocution	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Struck by Falling Object	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.7
Air Transport	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Suicide	< 0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4
Nature/Environment	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.5
Explosion	< 0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flying Object/Caught In	< 0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Water Transport	< 0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Suffocation	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fire	< 0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3
Poisoning	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Drowning	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rail Transport	---	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.1	< 0.1
Other	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.6

^*Rates not calculated for categories with less than 3 deaths or less than 20,000 employed.

Table US-13. Number and Average Annual Rate^* (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by Industry Division, US, 1980-1995.

INDUSTRY DIVISION	NUMBER OF DEATHS	RATE PER 100,000
Construction	17,140	15.3
Trans/Comm/PU	15,604	12.6
Manufacturing	14,034	4.2
Ag/For/Fish	10,737	19.6
Services	10,056	1.7
Retail Trade	8,631	2.9
Public Admin	4,343	5.1
Mining	3,995	30.4
Wholesale Trade	2,741	3.8
Finance/Insur/RE	1,271	1.1
Not Classified	4,786	---

^*Rates not calculated for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-14. Number^* and Rate (per 100,000 workers) of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Industry Division and Year, US, 1980-1995.

INDUSTRY DIVISION		YEAR OF DEATH
INDUSTRY DIVISION		1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995
Ag/For/Fish	No.	821	794	744	658	717	752	653	702	645	683	603	615	598	608	587	557
Ag/For/Fish	Rate	23.7	23.0	20.8	18.6	20.7	22.5	19.5	20.6	19.4	20.2	18.0	18.1	17.7	18.7	16.4	15.5
Mining	No.	414	505	368	289	357	277	218	174	162	193	219	175	147	170	168	159
Mining	Rate	44.0	46.8	35.8	31.4	37.3	29.5	24.8	21.3	21.5	26.8	30.0	23.9	22.1	25.4	25.1	25.4
Construction	No.	1,271	1,230	1,087	1,035	1,113	1,190	1,102	1,197	1,098	1,104	1,077	893	890	885	967	1,001
Construction	Rate	21.0	20.8	18.9	16.8	16.7	17.0	15.1	16.1	14.4	14.4	14.0	12.6	12.7	12.3	12.9	13.1
Manufacturing	No.	1,135	1,089	952	884	967	926	893	898	885	866	838	793	736	713	727	732
Manufacturing	Rate	5.3	5.1	4.7	4.4	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6
Trans/Comm/PU	No.	1,223	1,139	1,078	961	1,041	1,101	938	918	970	987	847	853	828	927	897	896
Trans/Comm/PU	Rate	19.1	17.5	16.5	13.8	14.1	14.6	12.3	11.6	12.0	12.2	10.4	10.4	10.0	10.9	10.3	10.3
Wholesale Trade	No.	195	193	165	170	176	182	167	159	172	152	167	169	153	169	177	175
Wholesale Trade	Rate	5.1	4.9	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.2	3.8	3.5	3.8	3.3	3.6	3.6	3.2	3.7	3.8	3.5
Retail Trade	No.	625	618	567	485	460	506	439	489	497	474	544	581	574	634	631	507
Retail Trade	Rate	3.9	3.8	3.4	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.8	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.0	2.4
Finance/Insur/RE	No.	75	91	71	72	84	63	76	84	73	77	75	89	76	85	88	92
Finance/Insur/RE	Rate	1.3	1.5	1.1	1.1	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.2
Services	No.	714	642	649	597	590	621	563	595	635	625	606	656	596	642	678	647
Services	Rate	2.6	2.2	2.2	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5
Public Admin	No.	323	312	284	290	262	249	270	283	295	254	213	183	246	261	273	345
Public Admin	Rate	6.2	6.0	5.4	6.2	5.5	5.0	5.3	5.4	5.4	4.6	3.8	3.2	4.4	4.5	4.7	5.8

^*Numbers not reported for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-15. Number^*� of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Cause of Death and Industry Division, US, 1980-1995.

CAUSE OF DEATH	INDUSTRY DIVISION
CAUSE OF DEATH	AG/FOR/FISH	MINING	CONSTRUCTION	MANUFACTURING	TRANS/ COMM/ PU	WHOLESALE TRADE	RETAIL TRADE	FINANCE/ INSUR/RE	SERVICES	PUBLIC ADMIN
Motor Vehicle	1,767	664	2,846	2,100	7,268	1,061	1,302	277	2,009	1,350
Homicide	281	36	493	887	1,258	232	4,917	429	2,329	1,193
Machine	3,625	952	2,272	2,616	747	327	319	65	641	194
Fall	573	227	4,456	1,115	583	178	311	108	913	198
Electrocution	655	276	2,293	813	1,018	126	142	32	481	111
Struck by Falling Object	597	539	1,261	2,043	449	140	147	13	474	95
Air Transport	287	81	116	312	1,327	68	90	76	451	321
Suicide	241	24	263	391	251	119	526	133	815	186
Nature/Environment	584	173	434	461	217	47	74	13	207	55
Explosion	87	312	354	719	209	103	118	11	274	45
Flying Object/Caught In	176	173	428	654	286	70	71	14	151	34
Water Transport	728	63	115	107	557	14	35	---	83	37
Suffocation	220	102	672	214	96	84	53	7	122	37
Fire	125	93	220	446	104	45	104	12	197	150
Poisoning	135	101	209	306	160	31	86	13	269	36
Drowning	325	76	212	115	203	16	27	17	201	61
Rail Transport	12	15	24	64	490	13	8	---	21	7
Other	262	67	408	596	285	55	227	34	331	186

^*Numbers not reported for cells with less than 3 deaths.
^�Numbers not reported for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-16. Average Annual Rate^* (per 100,000 workers) of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Cause of Death and Industry Division, US, 1980-1995.

CAUSE OF DEATH	INDUSTRY DIVISION
CAUSE OF DEATH	AG/FOR/FISH	MINING	CONSTRUCTION	MANUFACTURING	TRANS/ COMM/ PU	WHOLESALE TRADE	RETAIL TRADE	FINANCE/ INSUR/RE	SERVICES	PUBLIC ADMIN
Motor Vehicle	3.2	5.1	2.5	0.6	5.9	1.5	0.4	0.2	0.3	1.6
Homicide	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.3	1.0	0.3	1.7	0.4	0.4	1.4
Machine	6.6	7.3	2.0	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fall	1.0	1.7	4.0	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Electrocution	1.2	2.1	2.1	0.2	0.8	0.2	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.1
Struck by Falling Object	1.1	4.1	1.1	0.6	0.4	0.2	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.1
Air Transport	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.1	1.1	0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4
Suicide	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nature/Environment	1.1	1.3	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1
Explosion	0.2	2.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1
Flying Object/Caught In	0.3	1.3	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1
Water Transport	1.3	0.5	0.1	< 0.1	0.5	< 0.1	< 0.1	---	< 0.1	< 0.1
Suffocation	0.4	0.8	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1
Fire	0.2	0.7	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.2
Poisoning	0.2	0.8	0.2	0.1	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1
Drowning	0.6	0.6	0.2	< 0.1	0.2	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1
Rail Transport	< 0.1	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.4	< 0.1	< 0.1	---	< 0.1	< 0.1
Other	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.2

^*Rates not calculated for categories with less than 3 deaths or less than 20,000 employed.

Table US-17. Number^*� and Average Annual Rate^� (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by Industry Division and Age Group, US, 1983-1995.

INDUSTRY DIVISION		AGE GROUP (IN YEARS)
INDUSTRY DIVISION		16-17	18-19	20-24	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	65+
Ag/For/Fish	No.	48	196	734	1,609	1,362	1,201	1,329	1,884
Ag/For/Fish	Rate	2.8	10.5	14.7	15.1	15.2	18.1	22.8	48.0
Mining	No.	6	39	321	939	651	428	230	91
Mining	Rate	28.0	35.5	42.5	29.0	21.1	23.9	24.8	59.5
Construction	No.	51	349	1,559	3,895	3,113	2,275	1,694	608
Construction	Rate	6.2	12.9	13.3	12.7	13.0	15.5	19.9	36.4
Manufacturing	No.	17	202	1,011	2,750	2,548	2,006	1,671	651
Manufacturing	Rate	1.2	4.0	3.7	3.4	3.5	4.0	5.8	16.0
Trans/Comm/PU	No.	8	125	872	3,327	3,295	2,451	1,618	460
Trans/Comm/PU	Rate	2.4	10.0	10.4	10.9	10.4	12.0	16.0	30.9
Wholesale Trade	No.	5	56	193	593	512	395	287	144
Wholesale Trade	Rate	1.2	4.7	3.1	3.2	3.3	4.0	4.7	8.2
Retail Trade	No.	35	215	762	1,624	1,500	1,171	931	574
Retail Trade	Rate	0.2	0.9	1.7	2.6	3.4	4.0	4.8	8.0
Finance/Insur/RE	No.	---	9	59	231	220	223	185	107
Finance/Insur/RE	Rate	---	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.9	1.3	1.9	3.2
Services	No.	21	152	778	2,075	1,838	1,434	1,121	632
Services	Rate	0.3	1.1	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.7	2.2	3.8
Public Admin	No.	---	33	238	1,021	929	625	421	157
Public Admin	Rate	---	5.6	5.4	5.3	4.3	4.2	5.6	9.4

^*Numbers not reported for cells with less than 3 deaths.
^�Numbers not reported for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.
^�Rates not calculated for categories with less than 3 deaths or less than 20,000 employed.

Table US-18. Number and Average Annual Rate^* (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by Detailed Industry Groupings, US, 1983-1995.

DETAILED INDUSTRY	NO. OF DEATHS	RATE
Ag/For/Fish
Ag Production	6,139	20.0
Ag Services	1,183	10.1
Forestry & Fisheries	1,056	47.7
Mining
Metal/Coal/Nonmetal Mining	1,262	30.0
Oil and Gas Extraction	1,446	24.6
Construction	13,552	14.3
Manufacturing
Food & Kindred Prod	1,015	4.5
Textile Mill Prod	227	2.5
Apparel & Other Textile Pr	84	0.6
Paper & Allied Products	319	3.5
Printing/Publishing/Allied	347	1.5
Chemical/Petroleum/Rubber	1,099	3.9
Lumber & Wood	2,843	29.8
Furniture	141	1.7
Stone/Clay/Concrete	459	6.0
Primary Metals	1,006	9.7
Fabricated Metals	453	2.7
Mach, Ex Elect	640	2.0
Elect Mach, Equip Supplies	346	1.3
Motor Vehicles Equip	332	2.2
Aircraft & Parts	153	2.0
Other Transport Equip	337	3.6
Prof & Photo Equip/Watches	50	0.5
Toys/Amusement/Sporting Goods	15	0.8
Misc & NEC Industries	992	12.1
Trans/Comm/PU
Trucking/Warehousing/Storage	5,966	23.3
Other Transportation	3,936	10.2
Telephone Communications	222	1.5
Other Communications	204	3.5
Electric Light and Power	814	9.4
Other Utility/Sanitary Service	1,022	9.0
Wholesale Trade	2,188	3.7

DETAILED INDUSTRY	NO. OF DEATHS	RATE
Retail Trade
Food Stores	1,771	4.3
Motor Veh/Auto Supply Dealer	1,138	4.2
Apparel & Accessory Stores	126	1.0
Eating & Drinking Places	1,482	2.0
Other Retail Trade	2,304	2.4
Finance/Insur/RE
Banking and Other Finance	288	0.7
Insurance and Real Estate	746	1.3
Services
Business Services	1,583	2.6
Automobile and Repair Services	2,086	7.9
Private Household Services	162	1.1
Pers Serv Exc Priv Household	912	2.1
Entertainment & Rec Services	684	3.3
Hospitals	390	0.6
Health Services, Exc Hosp	405	0.7
Educational Services	823	0.7
Other Professional Services	1,006	1.1
Public Admin
Justice, Pub Order, & Safety	1,990	7.9
Admin of Hum Res Programs	47	0.5
National Sec/Internal Affairs	311	2.9
Other Pub Admin	1,035	4.1
Not Classified	3,419	---
^* Rates not calculated for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-19. Number of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Selected Detailed Industry Groupings^* and Year, US, 1983-1995.

DETAILED INDUSTRY	YEAR OF DEATH
DETAILED INDUSTRY	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995
Forestry & Fisheries	67	75	93	66	73	77	125	85	87	92	81	77	58
Metal/Coal/Nonmetal Mining	113	158	92	113	91	69	88	100	99	89	93	70	87
Lumber & Wood MFG	238	237	246	251	259	245	250	224	211	204	163	158	157
Oil and Gas Extraction	176	199	185	105	83	93	105	119	76	58	77	98	72
Trucking/Warehousing/Storage	476	545	551	480	460	533	493	406	376	371	405	428	442
Ag Production	523	549	586	502	541	494	449	420	430	429	426	401	389
Construction	1,035	1,113	1,190	1,102	1,197	1,098	1,104	1,077	893	890	885	967	1,001
Other Transportation	295	301	326	287	291	270	297	284	330	309	354	306	286
Ag Services	68	93	73	85	88	74	109	98	98	77	101	109	110
Primary Metals MFG	93	95	88	92	90	89	75	73	62	62	68	55	64
Electric Light and Power	74	79	87	78	64	74	78	62	39	50	42	37	50
Other Utility/Sanitary Service	80	91	103	66	72	61	89	66	75	70	87	87	75
Automobile and Repair Services	171	143	171	150	159	181	166	165	157	129	178	130	186
Justice, Pub Order, & Safety	150	138	153	153	159	183	168	120	123	147	167	152	177
Stone/Clay/Concrete MFG	48	54	59	41	42	29	26	25	30	30	30	21	24

^* The selected groupings had the highest rates per 100,000 workers.

Table US-20. Rate (per 100,000 workers) of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Selected Detailed Industry Groupings^* and Year, US, 1983-1995.

DETAILED INDUSTRY	YEAR OF DEATH
DETAILED INDUSTRY	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995
Forestry & Fisheries	41.3	49.5	58.6	35.2	38.2	49.8	68.3	48.3	54.1	52.1	43.9	44.2	37.8
Metal/Coal/Nonmetal Mining	33.0	46.7	26.4	32.8	26.6	21.3	26.2	29.1	31.7	29.8	30.8	24.9	30.2
Lumber & Wood MFG	35.9	33.5	35.6	36.2	34.7	32.0	31.6	28.5	29.4	29.4	22.8	21.4	19.2
Oil and Gas Extraction	30.1	32.5	31.2	19.4	17.4	21.7	27.4	30.8	17.9	15.9	20.6	25.5	21.7
Trucking/Warehousing/Storage	31.1	32.2	31.1	26.9	24.4	27.2	25.0	20.2	18.3	17.9	18.6	18.3	19.0
Ag Production	19.0	20.5	23.7	20.9	22.8	21.5	19.8	19.0	18.9	19.1	20.5	17.2	16.5
Construction	16.7	16.6	17.0	15.1	16.0	14.4	14.3	13.8	12.5	12.5	12.1	12.9	13.0
Other Transportation	11.6	11.5	12.1	10.1	9.9	9.0	9.7	9.3	11.0	10.3	11.2	9.4	8.8
Ag Services	10.4	14.3	10.4	11.1	10.4	8.5	11.7	9.6	9.7	7.5	9.7	10.1	10.0
Primary Metals MFG	11.6	11.1	10.8	11.9	11.2	11.2	9.0	8.6	7.9	8.0	9.3	7.3	8.2
Electric Light and Power	11.6	12.0	13.3	12.1	9.4	11.0	11.8	8.8	5.5	7.4	6.5	5.8	7.9
Other Utility/Sanitary Service	9.7	10.8	12.4	8.1	8.4	7.0	10.6	7.5	8.6	7.4	9.2	9.5	8.5
Automobile and Repair Services	10.1	7.9	8.7	7.9	8.2	9.2	8.1	7.8	7.5	6.0	8.2	5.8	8.5
Justice, Pub Order, & Safety	9.5	8.5	9.2	8.9	8.6	9.5	8.7	6.0	5.9	7.0	7.7	6.7	7.7
Stone/Clay/Concrete MFG	8.7	9.2	10.2	6.6	7.0	4.7	4.1	4.0	5.2	5.5	5.6	3.8	4.1

^*The selected groupings had the highest rates per 100,000 workers.

Table US-21. Number of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Selected Detailed Industry Groupings^* and Cause of Death, US, 1983-1995.

DETAILED INDUSTRY	CAUSE OF DEATH
DETAILED INDUSTRY	MOTOR VEHICLE	HOMICIDE	MACHINE	FALL	ELECTROCUTION	STRUCK BY FALLING	AIR TRANSPORT	SUICIDE	EXPLOSION	NATURE/ ENVIRON
Forestry & Fisheries	51	22	36	20	20	33	28	16	3	30
Metal/Coal/Nonmetal Mining	191	10	271	57	85	279	9	9	77	61
Lumber & Wood MFG	355	38	535	87	65	1,236	25	20	18	118
Oil and Gas Extraction	280	17	388	85	104	70	32	13	125	56
Trucking/Warehousing/Storage	4,532	204	224	114	98	213	19	69	65	67
Ag Production	1,164	141	2,568	259	305	340	52	150	58	381
Construction	2,352	374	1,784	3,543	1,754	970	85	226	272	354
Other Transportation	539	734	186	145	51	73	962	80	31	59
Ag Services	213	47	133	176	153	103	131	34	6	50
Primary Metals MFG	95	41	233	112	56	88	5	16	60	35
Electric Light and Power	80	15	40	74	445	20	12	9	24	13
Other Utility/Sanitary Service	390	45	96	48	90	47	10	32	42	27
Automobile and Repair Services	447	282	174	105	126	232	13	187	133	45
Justice, Pub Order, & Safety	665	746	21	56	22	18	97	93	16	13
Stone/Clay/Concrete MFG	94	20	93	45	46	38	3	18	12	13

^*The selected groupings had the highest rates per 100,000 workers.

Table US-22. Average Annual Rate (per 100,000 workers) of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Selected Detailed Industry Groupings^* and Cause of Death, US, 1983-1995.

DETAILED INDUSTRY	CAUSE OF DEATH
DETAILED INDUSTRY	MOTOR VEHICLE	HOMICIDE	MACHINE	FALL	ELECTROCUTION	STRUCK BY FALLING	AIR TRANSPORT	SUICIDE	EXPLOSION	NATURE/ ENVIRON
Forestry & Fisheries	2.3	1.0	1.6	0.9	0.9	1.5	1.3	0.7	0.1	1.4
Metal/Coal/Nonmetal Mining	4.5	0.2	6.5	1.4	2.0	6.6	0.2	0.2	1.8	1.5
Lumber & Wood MFG	3.7	0.4	5.6	0.9	0.7	13.0	0.3	0.2	0.2	1.2
Oil and Gas Extraction	4.8	0.3	6.6	1.4	1.8	1.2	0.5	0.2	2.1	1.0
Trucking/Warehousing/Storage	17.7	0.8	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ag Production	3.8	0.5	8.4	0.8	1.0	1.1	0.2	0.5	0.2	1.2
Construction	2.5	0.4	1.9	3.7	1.9	1.0	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4
Other Transportation	1.4	1.9	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.2	2.5	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ag Services	1.8	0.4	1.1	1.5	1.3	0.9	1.1	0.3	0.1	0.4
Primary Metals MFG	0.9	0.4	2.2	1.1	0.5	0.8	< 0.1	0.2	0.6	0.3
Electric Light and Power	0.9	0.2	0.5	0.9	5.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2
Other Utility/Sanitary Service	3.5	0.4	0.8	0.4	0.8	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.2
Automobile and Repair Services	1.7	1.1	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.9	< 0.1	0.7	0.5	0.2
Justice, Pub Order, & Safety	2.6	3.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.1
Stone/Clay/Concrete MFG	1.2	0.3	1.2	0.6	0.6	0.5	< 0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2

^*The selected groupings had the highest rates per 100,000 workers.

Table US-23. Number and Average Annual Rate^* (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by Occupation Division, US, 1980-1995.

OCCUPATION DIVISION	NUMBER OF DEATHS	RATE PER 100,000
Crafts	19,296	9.2
Transport	16,259	21.6
Farm/For/Fish	12,381	21.9
Laborers	10,251	13.7
Service	6,653	2.8
Sales	6,367	3.0
Exec/Adm/Mgr	5,778	2.7
Mach Operators	4,523	3.5
Prof/Spec	3,710	1.6
Tech/Support	2,395	4.3
Clerical	1,944	0.7
Not Classified	3,781	---

^*Rates not calculated for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-24. Number^* and Rate (per 100,000 workers) of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Occupation Division and Year, US, 1980-1995.

OCCUPATION DIVISION		YEAR OF DEATH
OCCUPATION DIVISION		1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995
Exec/Adm/Mgr	No.	351	369	357	352	319	356	317	353	370	340	386	373	331	387	394	423
Exec/Adm/Mgr	Rate	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.3	2.8	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.5
Prof/Spec	No.	284	266	239	218	214	244	223	207	202	216	196	237	227	251	240	246
Prof/Spec	Rate	2.4	2.2	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4
Tech/Support	No.	199	181	150	145	149	171	140	145	139	160	139	138	129	125	144	141
Tech/Support	Rate	7.0	6.1	5.0	4.7	4.7	5.3	4.2	4.3	3.9	4.4	3.6	3.6	3.0	3.1	3.7	3.6
Sales	No.	451	432	414	384	362	390	315	361	359	363	360	402	436	466	469	403
Sales	Rate	4.2	3.9	3.7	3.2	2.9	3.1	2.4	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.9	3.1	3.3	3.2	2.7
Clerical	No.	124	134	119	118	106	128	124	124	118	137	118	97	105	106	155	131
Clerical	Rate	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.7
Service	No.	476	447	432	387	388	389	411	427	426	412	389	395	384	413	446	431
Service	Rate	3.6	3.4	3.2	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.5
Farm/For/Fish	No.	923	889	862	802	840	888	788	841	772	796	696	701	672	665	640	606
Farm/For/Fish	Rate	25.4	24.1	23.0	21.7	23.3	25.6	22.9	24.0	22.5	23.3	20.4	20.3	19.4	20.0	17.6	16.6
Crafts	No.	1,533	1,581	1,393	1,159	1,293	1,265	1,171	1,162	1,180	1,129	1,152	1,074	1,013	1,076	1,034	1,081
Crafts	Rate	12.5	12.9	11.8	9.4	9.9	9.5	8.7	8.6	8.6	8.2	8.4	8.2	7.7	8.1	7.7	8.0
Mach Operators	No.	375	358	312	272	297	303	255	285	247	285	268	267	242	230	252	275
Mach Operators	Rate	4.2	4.1	4.0	3.5	3.7	3.9	3.2	3.6	3.0	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.5
Transport	No.	1,259	1,241	1,029	1,042	1,139	1,098	964	955	1,054	998	947	900	853	943	915	922
Transport	Rate	28.0	28.3	24.5	24.8	25.5	24.2	21.1	20.3	21.8	20.4	19.5	18.5	17.5	18.8	17.8	17.8
Laborers	No.	933	777	732	640	711	721	654	706	630	611	598	485	504	470	558	521
Laborers	Rate	19.9	16.6	16.3	15.4	16.1	16.2	14.0	14.8	12.9	12.5	12.3	10.6	11.1	10.2	11.2	10.4

^*Numbers not reported for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-25. Number^* of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Cause of Death and Occupation Division, US, 1980-1995.

CAUSE OF DEATH	OCCUPATION DIVISION
CAUSE OF DEATH	EXEC/ ADM/MGR	PROF/SPEC	TECH/ SUPPORT	SALES	CLERICAL	SERVICE	FARM/ FOR/FISH	CRAFTS	MACH OPERATORS	TRANSPORT	LABORERS
Motor Vehicle	1,072	801	291	1,223	562	1,388	1,727	2,371	410	9,317	1,725
Homicide	1,703	600	85	3,203	594	2,340	281	896	285	1,082	1,085
Machine	404	228	84	243	139	274	3,932	2,404	955	1,702	1,528
Fall	480	322	78	235	146	569	603	4,021	512	378	1,445
Electrocution	229	143	91	89	32	197	673	2,980	279	459	807
Struck by Falling Object	192	84	28	118	44	109	1,814	1,579	382	615	868
Air Transport	388	488	1,422	171	44	205	112	237	19	36	33
Suicide	468	305	58	500	103	371	231	511	112	170	143
Nature/Environment	66	99	18	60	42	87	682	521	162	241	328
Explosion	137	66	57	73	24	91	93	849	379	180	311
Flying Object/Caught In	68	44	12	42	29	79	350	554	237	301	376
Water Transport	31	89	23	21	7	44	691	151	52	531	119
Suffocation	84	44	10	45	11	62	230	391	99	159	495
Fire	106	47	26	68	28	219	123	422	203	104	174
Poisoning	87	89	37	55	20	126	133	408	122	125	169
Drowning	56	104	13	23	17	126	326	204	58	157	199
Rail Transport	16	14	7	3	17	15	14	94	34	345	91
Other	157	116	39	140	63	275	310	600	205	270	293

^*Numbers not reported for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-26. Average Annual Rate (per 100,000 workers) of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Cause of Death and Occupation Division, US, 1980-1995.

CAUSE OF DEATH	OCCUPATION DIVISION
CAUSE OF DEATH	EXEC/ ADM/MGR	PROF/SPEC	TECH/ SUPPORT	SALES	CLERICAL	SERVICE	FARM/ FOR/FISH	CRAFTS	MACH OPERATORS	TRANSPORT	LABORERS
Motor Vehicle	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.6	3.1	1.1	0.3	12.4	2.3
Homicide	0.8	0.3	0.2	1.5	0.2	1.0	0.5	0.4	0.2	1.4	1.5
Machine	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	< 0.1	0.1	7.0	1.1	0.7	2.3	2.0
Fall	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	1.1	1.9	0.4	0.5	1.9
Electrocution	0.1	0.1	0.2	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1	1.2	1.4	0.2	0.6	1.1
Struck by Falling Object	0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	3.2	0.8	0.3	0.8	1.2
Air Transport	0.2	0.2	2.5	0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1
Suicide	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	< 0.1	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nature/Environment	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	1.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.4
Explosion	0.1	< 0.1	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.4
Flying Object/Caught In	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.5
Water Transport	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	1.2	0.1	< 0.1	0.7	0.2
Suffocation	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.7
Fire	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Poisoning	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Drowning	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.6	0.1	< 0.1	0.2	0.3
Rail Transport	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.5	0.1
Other	0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.1	< 0.1	0.1	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.4

Table US-27. Number^*� and Average Annual Rate^� (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities by Occupation Division and Age Group, US, 1983-1995.

OCCUPATION DIVISION		AGE GROUP (IN YEARS)
OCCUPATION DIVISION		16-17	18-19	20-24	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	65+
Exec/Adm/Mgr	No.	5	31	195	932	1,140	1,089	859	448
Exec/Adm/Mgr	Rate	2.8	3.5	1.8	1.9	2.0	2.7	4.0	8.3
Prof/Spec	No.	4	22	181	689	741	552	447	285
Prof/Spec	Rate	0.8	1.8	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.4	2.3	5.3
Tech/Support	No.	---	11	156	589	532	352	182	43
Tech/Support	Rate	---	2.0	2.7	3.3	4.1	5.1	6.3	9.2
Sales	No.	16	85	358	988	1,167	1,004	869	580
Sales	Rate	0.2	0.8	1.5	2.2	3.0	3.6	4.8	8.8
Clerical	No.	7	36	173	388	350	268	211	133
Clerical	Rate	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.9	2.3
Service	No.	13	101	594	1,586	1,243	843	609	308
Service	Rate	0.1	0.8	1.9	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1	4.1
Farm/For/Fish	No.	54	237	872	1,973	1,676	1,436	1,513	1,931
Farm/For/Fish	Rate	2.4	10.5	16.1	18.5	19.3	21.8	25.2	47.6
Crafts	No.	22	230	1,437	4,274	3,652	2,560	1,879	730
Crafts	Rate	2.6	6.7	7.8	7.8	7.9	8.5	11.0	24.9
Mach Operators	No.	7	82	379	951	832	593	460	174
Mach Operators	Rate	1.1	2.8	2.9	3.0	3.3	3.4	4.5	11.7
Transport	No.	14	162	1,008	3,519	3,248	2,535	1,774	460
Transport	Rate	3.7	11.7	16.0	19.3	19.9	22.2	26.0	31.5
Laborers	No.	55	382	1,269	2,399	1,598	1,107	757	230
Laborers	Rate	1.2	6.1	10.0	14.5	15.6	17.8	19.8	23.6

Table US-28. Number and Average Annual Rate^* (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Detailed Occupation Groupings, US, 1983-1995.

DETAILED OCCUPATION	NO. OF DEATHS	RATE
Exec/Adm/Mgr
Officials & Administrators, Public Admin	160	2.1
Other Executive, Admin & Managerial	4,037	3.2
Management Related Occupations	504	1.0
Prof/Spec
Engineers	844	3.3
Mathematical and Computer Scientists	56	0.5
Natural Scientists	204	3.6
Health Diagnosing Occupations	193	1.8
Health Assessment and Treatment Occupations	237	0.8
Teachers, College and University	68	0.7
Teachers, Except College and University	388	0.8
Lawyers and Judges	147	1.5
Other Professional Specialty Occupations	784	1.6
Tech/Support
Health Technologists and Technicians	119	0.7
Engineering and Science Technicians	462	3.1
Technicians, Exc Health/Engineering/Science	1,284	8.5
Sales
Supervisors and Proprietors, Sales Occupations	2,834	5.8
Sales Reps, Finance and Business Services	405	1.4
Sales Reps, Commodities, Except Retail	359	1.8
Sales Workers, Retail & Personal Services	1,456	1.8
Sales Related Occupations	16	1.7
Clerical
Supervisors, Administrative Support	74	0.8
Computer Equipment Operators	27	0.3
Secretaries, Stenographers, and Typists	184	0.3
Financial Records Processing	84	0.3
Mail and Message Distribution	318	2.7
Other Admin. Support, Including Clerical	880	0.8

DETAILED OCCUPATION	NO. OF DEATHS	RATE
Service
Private Household Service Occupations	92	0.8
Protective Service	2,765	10.8
Food Service	652	0.9
Health Service	129	0.5
Cleaning and Building Service	1,331	3.5
Personal Service	329	1.1
Farm/For/Fish
Farm Operators and Managers	4,646	27.1
Farm Workers and Related Occupations	2,439	9.3
Forestry and Fishing Occupations	2,622	112.4
Crafts
Mechanics and Repairers	3,595	6.3
Construction Trades	7,691	12.0
Other Precision Production, Craft, and Repair	3,503	6.7
Mach Operators
Machine Operators/Tenders, Except Precision	2,188	3.2
Fabricators, Assemblers, Inspectors, Samplers	1,290	3.7
Transport
Motor Vehicle Operators	9,561	20.7
Other Transport and Material Moving Occ	3,169	19.8
Laborers
Construction Laborers	3,726	39.5
Freight, Stock, & Materials Handlers	998	4.4
Other Handlers,Equip. Cleaner,Helper,Laborer	3,085	10.5
Other or Not Classified	2,621	---
^*Rates not calculated for "unknown" or "not classified" categories.

Table US-29. Number and Rate (per 100,000 workers) of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Selected Detailed Occupation Groupings^* and Year, US, 1983-1995.

DETAILED OCCUPATION		YEAR OF DEATH
DETAILED OCCUPATION		1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995
Forestry and Fishing Occupations	No.	199	211	236	218	220	217	263	203	200	190	159	164	142
Forestry and Fishing Occupations	Rate	109.1	130.1	143.3	114.5	125.5	127.2	148.2	103.3	113.5	109.7	81.8	89.6	76.5
Construction Laborers	No.	288	337	344	318	358	310	306	283	204	240	210	269	259
Construction Laborers	Rate	48.6	50.3	49.9	42.7	46.2	38.7	40.5	35.5	28.3	35.5	30.8	36.4	33.2
Farm Operators and Managers	No.	396	421	435	394	422	375	339	308	320	326	320	297	293
Farm Operators and Managers	Rate	27.3	29.2	32.1	29.4	32.2	29.2	26.7	25.4	26.0	26.8	27.6	20.4	20.2
Motor Vehicle Operators	No.	749	846	833	735	691	824	737	678	672	641	706	707	742
Motor Vehicle Operators	Rate	24.9	26.4	25.2	21.7	19.8	22.9	20.5	18.8	18.1	17.2	18.3	18.3	19.0
Other Transport and Material Movers	No.	293	293	265	229	264	230	261	269	228	212	237	208	180
Other Transport and Material Movers	Rate	23.8	23.1	21.5	19.3	21.6	18.6	20.4	21.1	19.1	18.0	19.8	16.5	14.2
Construction Trades	No.	565	636	653	620	633	634	612	608	550	518	513	563	586
Construction Trades	Rate	13.1	13.8	13.7	12.5	12.6	12.4	11.9	11.7	11.3	10.7	10.1	11.2	11.5
Protective Service	No.	190	214	198	207	206	235	218	199	194	210	226	227	241
Protective Service	Rate	11.4	12.7	11.5	11.6	10.8	12.1	11.2	9.9	9.3	9.9	10.5	10.1	10.8
Other Handler, Cleaner, Helper, Laborer	No.	279	293	297	265	278	242	214	242	190	202	197	204	182
Other Handler, Cleaner, Helper, Laborer	Rate	13.6	13.4	13.7	11.9	12.0	10.4	8.9	10.0	8.3	9.1	9.1	9.2	8.0
Farm Workers and Related Occ	No.	207	208	217	176	199	180	194	185	181	156	186	179	171
Farm Workers and Related Occ	Rate	9.9	10.3	11.1	9.2	9.8	9.1	9.8	9.0	8.5	7.3	9.1	9.0	8.4
Technicians, Exc Health/ Eng/Science	No.	98	104	131	108	108	98	117	87	77	84	86	95	91
Technicians, Exc Health/ Eng/Science	Rate	10.7	10.6	12.7	9.9	9.8	8.6	9.6	6.6	6.3	5.3	6.3	8.7	8.3
Other Prec Production/Craft/Repair	No.	312	388	349	281	255	267	251	269	254	227	225	212	213
Other Prec Production/Craft/Repair	Rate	8.0	9.5	8.5	6.8	6.2	6.5	6.1	6.6	6.4	5.8	5.7	5.2	5.3
Mechanics and Repairers	No.	282	269	263	270	274	279	266	275	270	268	338	259	282
Mechanics and Repairers	Rate	6.8	6.2	5.9	6.2	6.2	6.3	5.9	6.2	6.1	6.0	7.6	5.9	6.4

^*The selected groupings had the highest rates per 100,000 workers.

Table US-30. Number and Average Annual Rate (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Selected Detailed Occupation Groupings^* and Cause of Death, US, 1983-1995.

DETAILED OCCUPATION		CAUSE OF DEATH
DETAILED OCCUPATION		MOTOR VEHICLE	HOMICIDE	MACHINE	FALL	ELECTROCUTION	STRUCK BY FALLING	AIR TRANS	SUICIDE	EXPLOSION	NATURE/ENVIRON
Forestry and Fishing Occupations	No.	140	24	271	57	43	993	23	18	5	110
Forestry and Fishing Occupations	Rate	6.0	1.0	11.6	2.4	1.8	42.6	1.0	0.8	0.2	4.7
Construction Laborers	No.	742	106	479	806	372	361	10	40	59	117
Construction Laborers	Rate	7.9	1.1	5.1	8.6	3.9	3.8	0.1	0.4	0.6	1.2
Farm Operators and Managers	No.	695	71	2,161	219	182	294	45	120	42	278
Farm Operators and Managers	Rate	4.0	0.4	12.6	1.3	1.1	1.7	0.3	0.7	0.2	1.6
Motor Vehicle Operators	No.	6,841	837	357	170	217	315	15	95	77	102
Motor Vehicle Operators	Rate	14.8	1.8	0.8	0.4	0.5	0.7	< 0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other Transport and Material Movers	No.	464	50	964	119	123	191	10	53	47	86
Other Transport and Material Movers	Rate	2.9	0.3	6.0	0.7	0.8	1.2	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.5
Construction Trades	No.	795	195	601	2,478	1,688	448	48	149	163	162
Construction Trades	Rate	1.2	0.3	0.9	3.9	2.6	0.7	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3
Protective Service	No.	803	1,141	35	82	30	27	98	151	19	30
Protective Service	Rate	3.2	4.5	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.6	0.1	0.1
Other Handler, Cleaner, Helper, Laborer	No.	440	352	547	283	203	249	5	57	163	110
Other Handler, Cleaner, Helper, Laborer	Rate	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.0	0.7	0.9	< 0.1	0.2	0.6	0.4
Farm Workers and Related Occ	No.	558	117	539	201	263	182	15	53	21	158
Farm Workers and Related Occ	Rate	2.1	0.4	2.0	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.6
Technicians, Exc Health/Eng/Science	No.	51	24	21	18	12	5	1,067	17	9	6
Technicians, Exc Health/Eng/Science	Rate	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	< 0.1	7.0	0.1	0.1	< 0.1
Other Prec Production/Craft/Repair	No.	403	239	697	326	244	380	32	111	259	146
Other Prec Production/Craft/Repair	Rate	0.8	0.5	1.3	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.3
Mechanics and Repairers	No.	663	250	512	313	335	343	92	173	201	108
Mechanics and Repairers	Rate	1.2	0.4	0.9	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2

^*The selected groupings had the highest rates per 100,000 workers.

Table US-31. Number^*� and Average Annual Rate^� (per 100,000 workers)
of Traumatic Occupational Fatalities
by Industry and Occupation Division, US, 1983-1995.

INDUSTRY DIVISION		OCCUPATION DIVISION
INDUSTRY DIVISION		EXEC/ADM/MGR	PROF/SPEC	TECH/ SUPPORT	SALES	CLERICAL	SERVICE	FARM/FOR/FISH	CRAFTS	MACH OPERATORS	TRANSPORT	LABORERS
Ag/For/Fish	No.	49	127	138	17	11	56	7,627	59	32	201	36
Ag/For/Fish	Rate	4.2	10.2	29.6	7.1	0.7	15.1	20.1	9.7	19.8	31.2	12.5
Mining	No.	107	76	43	8	13	18	5	1,624	81	512	193
Mining	Rate	6.9	7.4	10.1	6.5	1.1	15.0	---	49.3	23.3	31.5	46.4
Construction	No.	707	183	77	47	43	46	30	6,639	355	1,615	3,752
Construction	Rate	5.8	10.1	10.5	5.1	0.8	10.7	11.4	12.2	28.6	24.7	35.3
Manufacturing	No.	623	307	242	289	201	336	1,771	2,257	2,311	1,250	1,136
Manufacturing	Rate	2.0	1.4	2.6	3.0	0.7	7.4	147.1	4.4	2.7	12.2	8.0
Trans/Comm/PU	No.	464	244	905	86	442	198	21	1,608	148	7,235	741
Trans/Comm/PU	Rate	3.9	4.1	24.7	2.3	1.6	6.0	11.4	9.8	9.7	31.1	12.0
Wholesale Trade	No.	133	20	10	611	52	32	15	190	76	726	296
Wholesale Trade	Rate	2.0	1.8	1.8	2.6	0.5	6.0	4.7	4.7	4.2	11.9	6.4
Retail Trade	No.	879	78	12	3,372	140	686	22	322	21	468	768
Retail Trade	Rate	4.5	1.7	1.1	3.2	0.7	1.2	7.1	2.2	0.9	7.4	4.1
Finance/Insur/RE	No.	280	17	8	385	131	121	28	30	---	16	9
Finance/Insur/RE	Rate	1.1	0.6	0.4	1.6	0.3	3.3	3.4	1.5	---	8.6	3.2
Services	No.	1,044	1,638	267	202	301	1,694	131	1,622	311	337	442
Services	Rate	1.8	1.1	1.0	1.8	0.4	1.5	3.1	6.7	3.1	5.1	8.4
Public Admin	No.	260	202	129	7	178	2,015	29	221	48	135	116
Public Admin	Rate	1.7	2.0	4.3	2.2	1.0	11.5	4.6	7.1	10.1	18.2	19.8

Appendix I

Abbreviations for Bureau of Census (BOC)
Industry and Occupation Divisions

Industry Abbreviation	Description (BOC)

Ag/For/Fish	Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries
Mining	Mining (includes oil and gas extraction)
Construction	Construction
Manufacturing	Manufacturing
Trans/Comm/PU	Transportation/Communications/Public Utilities
Wholesale Trade	Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade	Retail Trade
Finance/Insur/RE	Finance/Insurance/Real Estate
Services	Services
Public Admin	Public Administration

Occupation Abbreviation	Description (BOC)

Exec/Adm/Mgr	Executives/Administrators/Managers
Prof/Spec	Professional Specialties
Tech/Support	Technicians/Related Support
Sales	Sales
Clerical	Clerical
Service	Service
Farm/For/Fish	Farming/Forestry/Fishing
Crafts	Precision Production/Craft/Repair
Mach Operators	Machine Operators/Assemblers/Inspectors
Transport	Transportation/Material Movers
Laborers	Handlers/Equipment Cleaners/Helpers/Laborers

Appendix II

Detailed Bureau of the Census (BOC) Industry Groupings^*

010-011	Ag Production
012-030 (020-021)	Ag Services
031-032 (030-031)	Forestry & Fisheries
042	Oil and Gas Extraction
040-041, 050	Metal/Coal/Nonmetal Mining
060	Construction
100-122	Food & Kindred Prod MFG
132-150	Textile Mill Prod MFG
151-152	Apparel & Other Textile Pr MFG
160-162	Paper & Allied Products MFG
171-172	Printing/Publishing/Allied MFG
180-192, 200-201, 210-212	Chemical/Petroleum/Rubber MFG
230-241	Lumber & Wood MFG
242	Furniture MFG
250-262	Stone/Clay/Concrete MFG
270-280	Primary Metals MFG
281-300	Fabricated Metals MFG
301	NS Metal Ind
310-332	Mach, Ex Elect MFG
340-350	Elect Mach, Equip Supplies MFG
351	Motor Vehicles Equip
352	Aircraft & Parts MFG
360-370	Other Transport Equip MFG
371-381	Prof & Photo Equip/Watches MFG
390	Toys/Amusement/Sporting Goods
130, 220-222, 391-392	Misc & NEC MFG Industries
410-411	Trucking/Warehousing/Storage
400-402, 412-432	Other Transportation
441	Telephone Communications
440, 442	Other Communications
450 (460)	Electric Light and Power
451-472 (461-472)	Other Utility/Sanitary Service
500-571	Wholesale Trade
601-611	Food Stores
612-622	Motor Veh/Auto Supply Dealer
623-630 (630-631)	Apparel & Accessory Stores
641	Eating & Drinking Places
580-600, 631-640, 642-691 (580-600, 632-640, 642-691)	Other Retail Trade
700-710	Banking and Other Finance
711-712	Insurance and Real Estate
761	Private Household Services
721-741 (721-742)	Business Services
742-760 (750-760)	Automobile and Repair Services
762-791	Pers Serv Exc Priv Household
800-810 (800-802)	Entertainment & Rec Services
831	Hospitals
812-830, 832-840	Health Services, Exc Hosp
842-860	Educational Services
841, 861-893 (861-892)	Other Professional Services
910	Justice, Pub Order, & Safety
922	Admin of Hum Res Programs
932	National Sec/Internal Affairs
900-901, 921, 930-931	Other Pub Admin

^*1980 and 1990 Bureau of the Census Alphabetical Index.
^�Code groupings were, for the most part, identical for the 1980 and 1990 BOC industry codes.
Where differences do occur, the 1980 code groupings are provided in parentheses.

Appendix III

Detailed Bureau of the Census (BOC) Occupation Groupings^*

BOC Occupation Codes^�	Occupation Description
003-006	Officials & Administrators, Public Admin
007-022 (007-019)	Other Executive, Admin & Managerial
023-037	Management Related Occupations
043-063	Engineers
064-068	Mathematical and Computer Scientists
069-083	Natural Scientists
084-089	Health Diagnosing Occupations
095-106	Health Assessment and Treatment Occupations
113-154	Teachers, College and University
155-159	Teachers, Except College and University
178-179	Lawyers and Judges
163-177, 183-199	Other Professional Specialty Occupations
203-208	Health Technologists and Technicians
213-225	Engineering and Science Technicians
226-235	Technicians, Exc Health/Engineering/Science
243	Supervisors and Proprietors, Sales Occ
253-257	Sales Reps, Finance and Business Services
258-259	Sales Reps, Commodities, Except Retail
263-278	Sales Workers, Retail & Personal Services
283-285	Sales Related Occupations
303-307	Supervisors, Administrative Support
308-309	Computer Equipment Operators
313-315	Secretaries, Stenographers, and Typists
337-344	Financial Records Processing
354-357	Mail and Message Distribution
316-336, 345-353, 359-389	Other Admin. Support, Including Clerical
403-407	Private Household Service Occupations
413-427	Protective Service
433-444	Food Service
445-447	Health Service
448-455	Cleaning and Building Service
456-469	Personal Service
473-476	Farm Operators and Managers
477-489	Farm Workers and Related Occupations
494-499	Forestry and Fishing Occupations
503-549	Mechanics and Repairers
553-599	Construction Trades
613-699	Other Precision Production, Craft, and Repair
703-779	Machine Operators/Tenders, Except Precision
783-799	Fabricators, Assemblers, Inspectors, Samplers
803-814	Motor Vehicle Operators
823-859	Other Transport and Material Moving Occ
869	Construction Laborers
875-883	Freight, Stock, & Materials Handlers
864-868, 874, 885-889 (863-867, 873, 885-889)	Other Handlers, Equip. Cleaner, Helper, Laborer

^*1980 and 1990 Bureau of the Census Alphabetical Index.
^�Code groupings were, for the most part, identical for the 1980 and 1990 BOC occupation codes.
Where differences do occur, the 1980 code groupings are provided in parentheses.

Appendix IV

ICD-9^* E-code Rubrics for Cause of Death Categories

Category	ICD-9 Rubric

Rail Transport	E800-E807
Motor Vehicle	E810-E829, E846-E849
Water Transport	E830-E838
Air Transport	E840-E845
Poisoning	E850-E858, E860-E869
Falls	E880-E888
Fires	E890-E899
Nature/Environment	E900-E909, E928
Drowning	E910
Suffocation	E911-E913
Struck By Falling Object	E916
Flying Object/Caught In	E917, E918
Machine	E919
Explosion	E921, E923
Electrocution	E925
Suicide	E950-E959
Homicide	E960-E969
Other	E870-E879, E914, E915, E920, E922, E924, E926, E927, E929, E930-E949, E970-E978, E990-E999
Unknown/Undetermined	E980-E989, Blank

^*International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision.

Appendix V

Operational Guidelines For Determination Of
Injury At Work

Complete the injury at work item if any other than natural cause of death is mentioned in Part I or Part II of the medical certification, including homicides, suicides, and accidents, including motor vehicle deaths.
The injury at work item must be completed for decedents ages 14 or over and may be completed for those less than 14 years of age if warranted. Consider possibility of work injury regardless of whether injury occurred in the course of work in "usual" or other occupation and/or industry. If decedent�s "usual" occupation is housewife, student, or retired consider possible injury during other employment. If occupation is transportation-related, suspect injury at work and evaluate per criteria.
Consider available information with regard to location and activity at time of injury. If location is farm, suspect work-related and evaluate per criteria.

CRITERIA

INJURY
AT WORK

Yes No

On Employer Premises

     � Engaged in work activity, apprentice, vocational training

    � On break, in hallways, rest room, cafeteria, storage area

    � In employer parking lots while working, arriving, or leaving

    � Engaged in recreational activities on employer controlled facilities
       (games, etc.) for personal enjoyment

    � As a visitor for non-work purposes, not on official business

Off Employer Premises

    � Working for pay or compensation, including at home

    � Working as a volunteer EMS, firefighter, or law enforcement
      officer

    � Working in a family business, including family farm. Activity should
       be clearly related to a profit-oriented business.

    � Traveling on business, including to and from customer/business
      contacts

    � Engaged in work activity where vehicle is considered the work
       environment (e.g., taxi driver, truck driver, etc.)

    � Homemaker working at homemaking activities

    � Working for self�non profit, i.e., mowing lawn, repairing own
       roof, hobby, or recreation activities

    � Student engaged in school activities

    � Operating vehicle (personal or commercial) for non-work
       purposes

    � Commuting to or from work site

These guidelines were developed jointly by: The Association for Vital Records and Health Statistics (AVRHS), the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the National Center for Health Statistics, (NCHS), and
the National Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control (NCEHIC).

PUBLISHED AND DISTRIBUTED BY AVRHS

For questions contact your State Vital Statistics Office

March 30, 1992

Appendix VI

Additional Readings

Bell CA [1991]. Female homicides in United States workplaces, 1980-1985. Am J Public Health 81(6):729-732.

Biddle EA, Hartley D [2000]. Fire- and flame-related occupational fatalities in the United States, 1980-1994. J Occup Environ Med 42(4):430-437.

Bobick TG, Jenkins EL [1992]. Agricultural-related fatalities: 1986-1988. Advances in Industrial Ergonomics and Safety IV. Edited by S. Kumar, Taylor & Francis (book chapter).

Braddee RW, Myers JR [1997]. Logging-type fatalities in the U.S. production agriculture industry, 1980-1992. J of Agromedicine 4(3/4):373-375.

Braddee RW, Pratt SG, Hause, M [1997]. Preventing falls from elevations. Welding Journal Special Report, Staying Safe on the Job 23-25.

Castillo DN, Landen DL, Layne LA [1994]. Occupational injury deaths of 16- and 17-year olds in the United States. Am J Public Health 84:646-649.

Castillo DN, Jenkins EL [1994]. Industries and occupations at high risk for work-related homicide. J Occup Med 36:125-132.

Castillo DN, Malit BD [1997]. Occupational injury deaths of 16- and 17-year olds in the United States: Trends and comparisons to older workers. Inj Prev 3:277-281.

CDC [1994]. Occupational injury deaths of postal workers�United States, 1980-1989. MMWR 43:587-595.

CDC [1996]. Skid-steer loader-related fatalities in the workplace�United States, 1992-1995. MMWR 45(29):624-628.

CDC [1998]. Fatal occupational injuries�United States, 1980-1994. MMWR 47(15):297-302.

CDC [1999]. Achievements in public health, improvements in workplace safety�United States, 1900-1999. MMWR 48(22):461-469.

Chen G-X, Fosbroke DE [1998]. Work-related fatal-injury risk of construction workers by occupation and cause of death. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 4(6):1371-1390.

Collins JW, Landen DD, Kisner SM, Johnston JJ, Chin SF, Kennedy RD [1999]. Fatal occupational injuries associated with forklifts, United States, 1980-1994. Am J Ind Med 36:504-512.

Etherton JR, Myers, JR Jensen RC, Russell JC, Braddee RW [1991]. Agricultural machine-related deaths. Am J Public Health 81(6):766-768.

Fosbroke DE, Kisner SM, Myers Jr [1997]. Working lifetime risk of occupational fatal injury. Am J Ind Med 31:459-467.

Goodman RA, Jenkins EL, Mercy JA [1994]. Work-related homicide among health care workers in the United States, 1980 through 1990. JAMA 272(21):1686-1688.

Hard DL, Myers JR, Snyder KA, Casini VJ, Cianfrocco R, Fields J, Morton L [1999]. Young workers at risk when working in agricultural production. Am J Ind Med, Supplement 1:31-33.

Hard DL, Myers JR, Snyder KA, Casini VJ, Morton LL, Cianfrocco R, Fields J [1999]. Identifying work-related fatalities in the agricultural production sector using two national occupational fatality surveillance systems, 1990-1995. J Ag Safety and Health 5(2):155-169.

Hodous TK, Layne LA [1993]. Injuries in the mining industry. In: Occupational Medicine, State of the Art Reviews. Occ Med 8(1):171-184.

Jenkins EL, Hard DL [1992]. Implications for the use of e-codes of the international classification of diseases and narrative data in identifying tractor-related deaths in agriculture, United States, 1980-1986. Scand J Work Environ Health 18 Suppl 2:49-50.

Jenkins EL, Layne LA, Kisner SM [1992]. Homicide in the workplace: The U.S. experience, 1980-1988. AAOHN J 40(5):215-218.

Jenkins EL [1996]. Homicide against women in the workplace. J Am Med Womens Assoc 51(3):118-122.

Jenkins EL [1996]. Workplace homicide: Industries and occupations at high risk. In: Occupational Medicine, State of the Art Reviews. Occ Med 11(2):219-224.

Kisner SM, Fosbroke DE [1994]. Injury hazards in the construction industry. J Occup Med 36(2):137-143.

Kisner SM, Pratt SG [1997]. Occupational fatalities among older workers in the United States: 1980-1991. J Occup Environ Med 39(8):715-721.

Kisner SM, Pratt SG [1999]. Occupational injury fatalities among older workers in the United States, 1980-1994. Am J Ind Med Supplement 1:24-25.

Moore PH, Pratt SG [1997]. Skid-steer loading machine-related deaths and prevention strategies. Presented and published in the proceedings of the 1997 Summer Conference, National Institute for Farm Safety, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, June 22-26, 1997. NIFS Technical Paper 97-8.

Myers JR [1990]. National surveillance of occupational fatalities in agriculture. Am J Ind Med 18:163-168.

Myers JR, Fosbroke DE [1994]. Logging fatalities in the United States by region, cause of death, and other factors�1980 through 1988. J Safety Res 25(2):97-105.

Myers JR, Hard DL [1995]. Work-related fatalities in the agricultural production and services sectors, 1980-1989. Am J Ind Med 27:51-63.

Myers JR, Hard DL, Snyder KA, Casini VC, Cianfrocco R, Fields J, Morton L [1998]. Statistics and epidemiology of tractor fatalities�A historical perspective. J Ag Safety and Health 4(2):95-108.

Myers JR, Hard DL, Snyder KA, Casini VJ, Cianfrocco R, Fields J, Morton L [1999]. Risks of fatal injuries to farm workers 55-years of age and older. Am J Ind Med, Supplement 1:29-30.

NIOSH [1989]. National traumatic occupational fatalities: 1980-1985. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 89-116.

NIOSH [1993]. NIOSH Alert: Preventing homicides in the workplace. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No.93-109.

NIOSH [1994]. Worker deaths in confined spaces: A summary of NIOSH surveillance and investigative findings. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 94-103.

NIOSH [1995]. NIOSH Alert: Request for assistance in preventing injuries and deaths of adolescent workers. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 95-125.

NIOSH [1996]. NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin: Violence in the workplace risk factors and prevention strategies. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 96-100.

NIOSH [1998]. NIOSH Alert: Preventing worker injuries and deaths from traffic-related motor vehicle crashes. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 98-142.

NIOSH [1998]. Worker deaths by electrocution: A summary of surveillance findings and investigative reports. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 98-131.

NIOSH [2000]. Worker deaths by falls: A summary of surveillance findings and investigative case reports. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 2000-116.

Ore T, Casini V [1996]. Electrical fatalities among U.S. construction workers. J Occup Environ Med 38(6):587-592.

Ore T, Stout NA [1996]. Traumatic occupational fatalities in the U.S. and Australian construction industries. Am J Ind Med 30:202-206.

Ore T, Fosbroke DE [1997]. Motor vehicle fatalities in the United States construction industry. Acc Anal Prev 29(5):613-626.

Ore T, Stout NA [1997]. Risk differences in fatal occupational injuries among construction laborers in the United States, 1980-1992. J Occup Environ Med 39(9):832-843.

Pratt SG, Kisner SM, Helmkamp JC [1996]. Machinery-related occupational fatalities in the United States, 1980 to 1989. J Occup Environ Med 38(1):70-76.

Pratt SG, Kisner SM, Moore PH [1997]. Machinery-related fatalities in the construction industry. Am J Ind Med 32:42-50.

Robinson CF, Halperin WE, Alterman T, Braddee RW, et al [1995]. Mortality patterns among construction workers in the United States. In: Occupational Medicine, State of the Art Reviews. Occ Med 10(2):269-283.

Schnitzer PG, Landen DD, Russell JC [1993]. Occupational injury deaths in Alaska�s fishing industry, 1980. Am J Public Health 83(5):685-688.

Snyder KA, Bobick TG, Hanz JL, Myers JR [1992]. Grain-handling fatalities in production agriculture, 1985-1989. In: American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1992 International Winter Meeting, December 15-18, 1992, Nashville, TN. Paper No. 92-5509.

Sorock GS, Smith GS, Reeve GR, Dement J, Stout N, Layne L, Pastula ST [1997]. Three perspectives on work-related injury surveillance systems. Am J Ind Med 32:116-128.

Stout NA, Jenkins EL, Pizatella TJ [1996]. Occupational injury mortality rates in the United States: Changes from 1980-1989. Am J Public Health 86(1):73-77.

Sugarman JR, Stout N, Layne LA [1993]. Traumatic occupational fatalities among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1980-1988. J Occup Med 35:1111-1122.

Suruda A, Smith L [1993]. Work-related electrocutions involving portable power tools and appliances. J Occup Med 34(9):887-892.

Suruda A, Fosbroke D, Braddee R [1995]. Fatal work-related falls from roof. J Safety Res 26(1):1-8.

NIOSH Home

	Yes	No
*On Employer Premises*
� Engaged in work activity, apprentice, vocational training
� On break, in hallways, rest room, cafeteria, storage area
� In employer parking lots while working, arriving, or leaving
� Engaged in recreational activities on employer controlled facilities (games, etc.) for personal enjoyment
� As a visitor for non-work purposes, not on official business
*Off Employer Premises*
� Working for pay or compensation, including at home
� Working as a volunteer EMS, firefighter, or law enforcement officer
� Working in a family business, including family farm. Activity should be clearly related to a profit-oriented business.
� Traveling on business, including to and from customer/business contacts
� Engaged in work activity where vehicle is considered the work environment (e.g., taxi driver, truck driver, etc.)
� Homemaker working at homemaking activities
� Working for self�non profit, i.e., mowing lawn, repairing own roof, hobby, or recreation activities
� Student engaged in school activities
� Operating vehicle (personal or commercial) for non-work purposes
� Commuting to or from work site