RTECS:XG3425000 The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Thallium

RTECS #: XG3425000

CAS #: 7440-28-0

UPDATE: May 2009 MW: 204.37 MF: Tl

NOTE:

TOXICITY DATA HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED. OMISSION OF A SUBSTANCE OR NOTATION DOES NOT IMPLY ANY RELIEF FROM REGULATORY RESPONSIBILITY.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

SYNONYMS:

MUTATION DATA:

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:

OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:

REVIEWS:

STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

Ramor

Thallium (ACGIH:OSHA)

SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
N/R
N/R N/R N/R

MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis unreported route
rat 0.12 mg/kg/240 day- intermittent VCVN1* -,242,1988

REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
N/R
N/R N/R N/R

TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
N/R
N/R N/R N/R

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
oral
human lowest published toxic dose: 48 mg/kg Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease NRTXDN 27,291,2006
oral
human lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Paresthesia

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease NRTXDN 27,291,2006
oral
man lowest published toxic dose: 5,714 痢/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath

Eye: Change in extra- ocular muscles

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair ATXKA8 19,65,1961
oral
rat lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg N/R TOXID9 72,22,2003
unreported route
human lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Cardiac: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi VCVN1* -,242,1988
unreported route
man lowest published lethal dose: 4,412 痢/kg N/R 85DCAI 2,73,1970

OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/
ORGANISM DOSE
EFFECT

REFERENCE
oral
rat lowest published toxic dose: 0.12 mg/kg/240 day- intermittent Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning

Blood: Changes in spleen

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects VCVN1* -,242,1988
unreported route
rat lowest published toxic dose: 0.12 mg/kg/240 day- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct VCVN1* -,242,1988

REVIEWS:
ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³ (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
APHRER 38,1509,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,165,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HBTME* ,827,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HTOPA* 1,701,2002

STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE

Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³ (skin) DTLVS* 3,256,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³ (skin) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³ (skin) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³ CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³ CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³, Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 0.1 mg/m³, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 0.4 mg/m³, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NEW ZEALAND time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 0.3 mg(Tl)/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, DEC2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³ (skin)
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³ (skin)

NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO THALLIUM, soluble compounds-air 10 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³ (Sk) NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: X3172;
Number of Industries 3;
Total Number of Facilities 158;
Number of Occupations 5;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 1,662;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 1,308

STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE

ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS PB/93/110856/AS)
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a rodenticide and fungicide, in lenses, plates and prisms, high-density liquids
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements by ICP, 7300
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements in blood or tissue, 8005
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID121

REFERENCES:
CODEN
REFERENCE**

85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970
APHRER Annals of Pharmacotherpy. (Harvey Whitney Books Co., POB 42696, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V. 26- 1992-
ATXKA8 Archiv fuer Toxikologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.15-31, 1954-74. For publisher information, see ARTODN.
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
ENTOX* Encyclopedia of Toxicology: Reference Book, Elsevier, 2005
HBTME*

HTOPA*

NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NRTXDN Neurotoxicology. (Intox Press, Inc., POB 34075, Little Rock, AR 72203) V.1- 1979-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
VCVN1* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov I-IV groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing I-IV group elements), Filov V.A., Chimia, 1988.

Used as a rodenticide and fungicide, in lenses, plates and prisms, high-density liquids

RTECS Compound Description:
Mutagen
Human Data

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SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
N/R	N/R	N/R	N/R

MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:
SYSTEM TEST	ROUTE/ ORGANISM/ TISSUE	DOSE	REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis	unreported route rat	0.12 mg/kg/240 day- intermittent	VCVN1* -,242,1988

REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
N/R	N/R	N/R	N/R

TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
N/R	N/R	N/R	N/R

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
oral human	lowest published toxic dose: 48 mg/kg	Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	NRTXDN 27,291,2006
oral human	lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Paresthesia Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	NRTXDN 27,291,2006
oral man	lowest published toxic dose: 5,714 痢/kg	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath Eye: Change in extra- ocular muscles Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	ATXKA8 19,65,1961
oral rat	lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg	N/R	TOXID9 72,22,2003
unreported route human	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Cardiac: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi	VCVN1* -,242,1988
unreported route man	lowest published lethal dose: 4,412 痢/kg	N/R	85DCAI 2,73,1970

OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:
ROUTE/ ORGANISM	DOSE	EFFECT	REFERENCE
oral rat	lowest published toxic dose: 0.12 mg/kg/240 day- intermittent	Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Blood: Changes in spleen Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects	VCVN1* -,242,1988
unreported route rat	lowest published toxic dose: 0.12 mg/kg/240 day- intermittent	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct	VCVN1* -,242,1988

REVIEWS:
ORGANIZATION	STANDARD	REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³ (skin)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		APHRER 38,1509,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,165,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HBTME* ,827,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HTOPA* 1,701,2002

STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
ORGANIZATION	STANDARD	REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³ (skin)	DTLVS* 3,256,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³ (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³ (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM	time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³, Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE	VME 0.1 mg/m³, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 0.4 mg/m³, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 0.1 mg(Tl)/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 0.3 mg(Tl)/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND	MAK- week 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, DEC2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY	time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN	American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value; time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³ (skin)
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM	American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³ (skin)

NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
ORGANIZATION	STANDARD or SURVEY	REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO THALLIUM, soluble compounds-air	10 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m³ (Sk)	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: X3172; Number of Industries 3; Total Number of Facilities 158; Number of Occupations 5; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1,662; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 1,308

STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
ORGANIZATION	REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/93/110856/AS)
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a rodenticide and fungicide, in lenses, plates and prisms, high-density liquids
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements by ICP, 7300
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements in blood or tissue, 8005
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID121

REFERENCES:
CODEN	REFERENCE
85DCAI	"Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970
APHRER	Annals of Pharmacotherpy. (Harvey Whitney Books Co., POB 42696, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V. 26- 1992-
ATXKA8	Archiv fuer Toxikologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.15-31, 1954-74. For publisher information, see ARTODN.
CFRGBR	Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DTLVS*	The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
ENTOX*	Encyclopedia of Toxicology: Reference Book, Elsevier, 2005
HBTME*
HTOPA*
NIOSH*	National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NRTXDN	Neurotoxicology. (Intox Press, Inc., POB 34075, Little Rock, AR 72203) V.1- 1979-
TOXID9	Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
VCVN1*	"Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov I-IV groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing I-IV group elements), Filov V.A., Chimia, 1988.