Hexane
RTECS #
MN9275000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
86.20
Molecular Formula
C6H14
Synonyms
Esani (Italian)
Gettysolve-B
Heksan (Polish)
Hexanen (Dutch)
Hexyl hydride
NCI-C60571
n-Hexane
n-Hexane (ACGIH:OSHA)
Gettysolve-B
Heksan (Polish)
Hexanen (Dutch)
Hexyl hydride
NCI-C60571
n-Hexane
n-Hexane (ACGIH:OSHA)
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 10 mg | mild | TXAPA9 55,501,1980 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | fibroblast/hamster | 500 mg/L | FCTOD7 22,623,1984 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | subcutaneous/rat | 7.5 mL/kg/12W- intermittent | TCMUD8 20,329,2000 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 132 mmol/L | MUREAV 341,83,1994 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | 5000 ppm (6-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** #PNL6590 |
| inhalation/mouse | 200 ppm (6-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | NTIS** #PNL6590 |
| inhalation/rat | 1000 ppm (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** #PNL6453 |
| inhalation/rat | 5000 ppm (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | NTIS** #PNL6453 |
| inhalation/rat | 1000 ppm (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | HPV250 -,-,2008 |
| inhalation/rat | 5000 ppm (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | HPV250 -,-,2008 |
| inhalation/mouse | 200 ppm (6-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | HPV250 -,-,2008 |
| inhalation/rat | 12500 ppm (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | TOLED5 239,141,2015 |
| inhalation/rat | 100 ppm (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TOLED5 239,141,2015 |
| inhalation/rat | 10000 ppm/7H (15D prior to copulation/1-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | TOXID9 1,152,1981 |
| inhalation/rat | 1000 ppm/6H (8-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TJADAB 19,22A,1979 |
| inhalation/rat | 5000 ppm/20H (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** DE88-006812 |
| oral/mouse | 238 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | DCTODJ 3,393,1980 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 9018 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTIS** OTS0537874 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/4H/59W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | JOCHFV 41,261,1999 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (5 percent kill): 14300 mg/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 27,857,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 µL/well/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 27,1089,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2.5 µL/well/1H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 27,1089,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): >200 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >200 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 3.9 mg/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,314,2013 |
| In Vitro/opf | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µL/well/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 27,1089,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 30 µL/well/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 27,1089,2013 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 5400 mg/m3/10M | Behavioral: Headache Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory obstruction Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVGH* -,31,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 190 ppm/8W | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath | AJIMD8 10,111,1986 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 126 gm/m3 | Behavioral: Excitement Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | VCVPS* -,71,1998 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 120 gm/m3 | Behavioral: General anesthetic Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Cardiac: Other changes | AEPPAE 143,223,1929 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 150000 mg/m3/2H | VCVGH* -,31,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/24H | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | HPV250 -,-,2008 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/24H | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | EXMPA6 46,199,1987 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 627000 mg/m3/3M | VCVGH* -,30,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 48000 ppm/4H | ARPTDI 22,145,1982 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 9100 mg/kg | TXAPA9 1,156,1959 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 831 mg/kg | Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) | APTOA6 37,56,1975 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 132 mg/kg | HAEMAX 58,491,1973 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20000 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | REPTED 6,491,1992 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15840 mg/kg | HPV250 -,-,2008 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 29700 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | HPV250 -,-,2008 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 150000 mg/m3/1H/30D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG | VCVGH* -,32,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 190 mg/m3/6Y- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Paresthesia | VCVGH* -,32,1990 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/13W- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | HPV250 -,-,2008 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 ppm/13W- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | HPV250 -,-,2008 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) | NTPTR* NIH-91-3121 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/12H/24W- intermittent | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | HETOEA 11,323,1992 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/24H/11W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Behavioral: Muscle weakness Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTOTDY 5,69,1983 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/6H/13W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FAATDF 4,191,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 476 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | TOLED5 12,13,1982 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOXID9 14,317,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/24H/9W- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JNSCAG 57,209,1982 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1200 ppm/12H/16W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | ARTODN 63,381,1989 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1700 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | VCVGH* -,31,1990 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/14D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PNL6453 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 6500 ppm/13W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | HPV250 -,-,2008 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 ppm/13W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | HPV250 -,-,2008 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1200 ppm/16W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | HPV250 -,-,2008 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/6W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | HPV250 -,-,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 18 gm/kg/90D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral: Ataxia Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 62,369,1982 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18900 mg/kg/35D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from afferent nerve Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTEHD6 13,835,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4788 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TOLED5 14,169,1982 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 100000 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 6,491,1992 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 40 gm/kg/4W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TIHEEC 1(3),67,1985 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mL/kg/12W- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood: Microcytosis with or without anemia Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TCMUD8 20,329,2000 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 50 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 135,167,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CHHSA* 9,6,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,522,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,192,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 659,93,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,577,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NCLNA* 16,503,1998 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NEUCL* 23,377,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,239,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,617,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,629,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,689,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,727,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,737,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,747,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 762,76,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 58,252,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 266,345,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,170,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 56,67,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 59,364,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,126,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 20 ppm (72 mg/m3);KZW 80 ppm (288 mg/m3), 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 72 mg/m3 (20 ppm), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 50 ppm (170 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 50 ppm (180 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 180 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 720 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 40 ppm (140 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 50 ppm (180 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 50 ppm (176 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 50 ppm (176 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 100 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 400 mg/me, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 300 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 900 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 50 ppm (180 mg/m3), JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 50 ppm (180 mg/m3), KZG-week 400 ppm (1440 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 90 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO HEXANE-air | 10H time-weighted average 50 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 36955; Number of Industries 221; Total Number of Facilities 40256; Number of Occupations 161; Total Number of Employees Exposed 643101; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 138726 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 36955; Number of Industries 281; Total Number of Facilities 72257; Number of Occupations 168; Total Number of Employees Exposed 763261 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health