2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 3,5,5-trimethyl-

RTECS #

GW7700000

CAS #

78-59-1
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

December 2017

Molecular Weight

138.23

Molecular Formula

C₉H₁₄O

Synonyms

1,1,3-Trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-5-one
3,3,5-Trimethyl-5-cyclohexen-1-one
3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-on (German, Dutch)
3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one
3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one
3,5,5-Trimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1-one
3,5,5-Trimetil-2-cicloesen-1-one (Italian)
Isoacetophorone
Isoforon
Isoforone (Italian)
Isophoron
Isophorone
Isophorone (ACGIH:OSHA)
Izoforon (Polish)
NCI-C55618

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /guinea pig	840 ppm/4H	severe	JIHTAB 22,477,1940
eye /human	25 ppm/15M		JIHTAB 28,262,1946
eye /rabbit	920 µg	severe	UCDS** 11/15/1971
eye /rabbit	100 mg/24H	moderate	85JCAE -,290,1986
skin /rabbit	100 mg/24H	mild	JETOAS 5,31,1972
skin /rabbit	0.5 mL/24H	moderate	VCVGK* -,460,1994

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	lung/hamster	1250 mg/L	MUREAV 369,243,1996
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lymphocyte/mouse	400 mg/L	EMMUEG 12,85,1988
other mutation test systems	other cell types/human	104 µmol/L	TIVIEQ 29,1425,2015
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	1 gm/L	NTPTR* NTP-TR-291,1986
specific locus test	other cell types/mouse	1500 mg/L/24H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUTAEX 14,23,1999
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/rat	5 mmol/L	MUREAV 315,147,1994

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	115 ppm/6H (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Other effects on female	NTIS** OTS0546532
inhalation/mouse	115 ppm/6H (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Other effects on female	NTIS** OTS0546532
inhalation/rat	115 ppm (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Other effects on female	HPV275 -,-,2003
inhalation/mouse	115 ppm (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Other effects on female	HPV275 -,-,2003

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 258 gm/kg/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	TXCYAC 39,207,1986
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 257500 mg/kg/103W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	NTIS** PB86-181823/AS
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 128750 mg/kg/103W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease	NTIS** PB86-181823/AS
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 128750 mg/kg/103W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains	HPV275 -,-,2003
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 128750 mg/kg/103W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors Reproductive: Other reproductive system tumors	NTIS** PB86-181823/AS
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 180 gm/kg/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors	NTIS** OTS0571092

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 mg/m³	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough	VCVGK* -,459,1994
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 mg/m³/150M	Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	VCVGK* -,459,1994
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 mg/m³/6H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	VCVGK* -,459,1994
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 mg/m³/10H	Behavioral: General anesthetic Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	VCVGK* -,459,1994
inhalation/guinea pig	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4600 ppm/8H		85JCAE -,290,1986
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 141 mg/m³/10M	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough	VCVGK* -,459,1994
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 1100 mg/m³/15M	Behavioral: Headache Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	VCVGK* -,459,1994
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 25 ppm	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	JIHTAB 28,262,1946
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified)	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >7000 mg/m³/4H		FEREAC 70,21767,2005
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 4 ppm/6M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	TOLED5 9,137,1981
inhalation/mouse	Lethal concentration: >3500 mg/kg/6H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema	NTIS** OTS0535380
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 7 gm/m³	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	NTIS** OTS0572861
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 10000 mg/m³/4H	Gastrointestinal: Gastritis Liver: Other changes	VCVGK* -,459,1994
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1281 ppm/4H	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	HPV275 -,-,2003
intravenous/Dog	Lethal dose: >10 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation	NTIS** OTS0535380
oral/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 700 mg/kg		NTIS** OTS0535380
oral/mammal (species unspecified)	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1500 mg/kg		FEREAC 70,21767,2005
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2690 mg/kg		TXAPA9 17,498,1970
oral/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1420 mg/kg		NTIS** OTS0535380
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1870 mg/kg		UCDS** 11/15/1971
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3450 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Gastrointestinal: Gastritis	HPV275 -,-,2003
skin/mammal (species unspecified)	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1200 mg/kg		FEREAC 70,21767,2005
skin/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1500 µL/kg		UCDS** 11/15/1971
skin/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1390 mg/kg		NTIS** OTS0526403

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/8H/6W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	JIHTAB 24,46,1942
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/8H/6W- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified)	NTIS** OTS0535380
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 2800 mg/m³/8H/6W- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	VCVGK* -,459,1994
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 280 mg/m³/8H/6W- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	VCVGK* -,459,1994
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/30D- intermittent	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,460,1994
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 280 mg/m³/8H/6W- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	VCVGK* -,459,1994
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2800 mg/m³/8H/6W- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	VCVGK* -,459,1994
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/8H/6W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	JIHTAB 24,46,1942
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/8H/6W- intermittent	Eye: Other eye effects Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition	NTIS** OTS0535380
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 208 mg/m³/6H/4W- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	NTIS** OTS0535380
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 24 gm/kg/16D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-291,1986
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 65 gm/kg/13W- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-291,1986
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 24 gm/kg/16D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-291,1986
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 65 gm/kg/13W- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-291,1986
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 128750 mg/kg/103W- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight	HPV275 -,-,2003

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-ceiling concentration 5 ppm	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 14,5,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		EMMUEG 39,69,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FEREAC 71,45403,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 47,1287,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 721,27,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 763,36,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 769,34,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 802,1,2016

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 25 ppm (140 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,140,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	ceiling concentration 5 ppm (28 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 2 ppm (11 mg/m³);KZW 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	short term exposure limit 5 ppm (28 mg/m³), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	ceiling concentration 5 ppm (25 mg/m³), carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5.7 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VLE 5 ppm (25 mg/m³), C3 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	short term exposure limit 5 ppm (30 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	ceiling concentration 5 ppm (25 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	peak 5 ppm (25 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	ceiling concentration 5 ppm (28 mg/m³), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	short term exposure limit 5 ppm (28 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 5 mg/m³, MAC(C) 25 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 1 mg/m³, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	ceiling concentration 5 ppm (30 mg/m³), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), KZG-week 4 ppm (22 mg/m³), carc 3, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-C 25 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 25 ppm (140 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 25 ppm (149 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	short term exposure limit 5 ppm (29 mg/m³), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 25 ppm (140 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 25 ppm (140 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 25 ppm (140 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 25 ppm (140 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ISOPHORONE-air	10H time-weighted average 4 ppm	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 40910; Number of Industries 43; Total Number of Facilities 3593; Number of Occupations 47; Total Number of Employees Exposed 47097; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 10353
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 40910; Number of Industries 44; Total Number of Facilities 2934; Number of Occupations 40; Total Number of Employees Exposed 26825

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/90/180225/AS)
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE	FEREAC 47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);equivocal evidence:mouse,rat
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Isophorone, 2508
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);some evidence:rat NTPTR* NTP-TR-291,1986
On EPA IRIS database

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health