p-Benzoquinone
RTECS #
DK2625000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
108.10
Molecular Formula
C6H4O2
Synonyms
1,4-Benzoquine
1,4-Benzoquinone
1,4-Cyclohexadiene dioxide
1,4-Cyclohexadienedione
1,4-Diossibenzene (Italian)
1,4-Dioxybenzene
1,4-Dioxy-benzol (German)
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
Benzo-chinon (German)
Chinon (Dutch, German)
Chinone
Cyclohexadienedione
NCI-C55845
p-Benzoquinone (OSHA)
PBQ 2
p-Chinon (German)
p-Quinone
Quinone
Quinone (ACGIH:OSHA)
RCRA waste number U197
Steara PBQ
USAF P-220
1,4-Benzoquinone
1,4-Cyclohexadiene dioxide
1,4-Cyclohexadienedione
1,4-Diossibenzene (Italian)
1,4-Dioxybenzene
1,4-Dioxy-benzol (German)
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
Benzo-chinon (German)
Chinon (Dutch, German)
Chinone
Cyclohexadienedione
NCI-C55845
p-Benzoquinone (OSHA)
PBQ 2
p-Chinon (German)
p-Quinone
Quinone
Quinone (ACGIH:OSHA)
RCRA waste number U197
Steara PBQ
USAF P-220
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 1 µmol/L/4H | MUREAV 661,57,2009 |
| DNA adduct | bone marrow/human | 100 µmol/L | CRNGDP 12,1181,1991 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/mouse | 4 µmol/L | PAACA3 27,81,1986 |
| DNA Damage | mammary gland/human | 1 µmol/L/72H | TOXID9 72,204,2003 |
| DNA Damage | leukocyte/human | 10 µmol/L/2H | EMMUEG 46,156,2005 |
| DNA Damage | ovary/hamster | 0.5 µmol/L/3H | MUREAV 661,57,2009 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 50 mg/L/18H | FCTOD7 55,557,2013 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/mouse | 5 µmol/L | MOPMA3 28,560,1985 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 20 mg/kg | MUREAV 208,61,1988 |
| micronucleus test | embryo/mouse | 50 µmol/L | EMMUEG 19(Suppl 20),21,1992 |
| micronucleus test | ovary/hamster | 10 µmol/L/4H | MUREAV 661,57,2009 |
| micronucleus test | lung/hamster | 6700 µmol/L | EVHPAZ 82,81,1989 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/hamster | 1 µmol/L/48H | MUREAV 770,37,2014 |
| morphological transform | embryo/mouse | 400 µg/L | CRNGDP 16,477,1995 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 2100 nmol/L | MUTAEX 3,193,1988 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 8 mg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 81,11,1981 |
| other mutation test systems | bone marrow/rabbit | 2 µmol/L | AJIMD8 7,485,1985 |
| other mutation test systems | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L | CNREA8 45,2471,1985 |
| other mutation test systems | lymphocyte/mouse | 10 µmol/L | TOLED5 29,161,1985 |
| other mutation test systems | other cell types/mouse | 6 µmol/L | CBTOE2 2,231,1986 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L | CNREA8 45,2471,1985 |
| specific locus test | liver/mouse | 3.15 µmol/L | MUREAV 608,29,2006 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 800 mg/kg/29W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors | PIATA8 16,309,1940 |
| skin/mouse | toxic dose: 6326 mg/kg/43W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors | GANNA2 39,56,1948 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, bone marrow | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 214,145,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 4.3 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.68 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 15 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, melanoma | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | FCTOD7 50,2084,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5.0 mg/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1233,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 51.4 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 29,688,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 47.3 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,688,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 45 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 29,688,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 38.1 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,688,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 pph/15M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,787,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 6.5 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 245,281,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 9.7 mg/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,314,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 9.7 mg/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,314,2013 |
| In Vitro/jpc | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 280,135,2011 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.41 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 28,626,2014 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, bone marrow | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 12 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 284,8,2015 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, bone marrow | Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 7 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 284,8,2015 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, bone marrow | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 5 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 284,8,2015 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, bone marrow | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 284,8,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 20 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TXAPA9 280,285,2014 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8500 µg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | BCPCA6 12,885,1963 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 mg/kg | PHBUA9 3,337,1955 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg | FEPRA7 8,348,1949 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Tremor Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | NTIS** OTS0571885 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/12H | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above | MUREAV 208,61,1988 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 130 mg/kg | FEPRA7 8,348,1949 | |
| subcutaneous/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 296 mg/kg | 85GMAT -,25,1982 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 93800 µg/kg | ZGIMAL 2,333,1947 | |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lowest published toxic concentration: 172.96 µg/L/18H | Aquatic organism effects: Maturation delay | TXAPA9 271,266,2013 |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 172.96 µg/L/5H | TXAPA9 271,266,2013 | |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lowest published toxic concentration: 172.96 µg/L/5H | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system | TXAPA9 271,266,2013 |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5600 µg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | RPTOAN 41,146,1978 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intramuscular/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 8400 µg/kg/24W- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously | TOXRE* 4,296,2017 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.1 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 15,255,1977 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,1245,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data | IMEMDT 15,255,1977 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data | IMEMDT 71,1245,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 71,1245,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 566,99,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,53,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,597,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 659,31,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 24,383,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 721,27,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 286,1,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 751,49,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 751,247,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 761,40,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 802,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 86,298,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 61,1,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,221,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.44 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3);KZW 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), sen, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.45 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.45 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (1.3 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), VLE 0.3 ppm (1.5 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (1 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.44 mg/m3), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.44 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.4 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 0.05 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (1.3 mg/m3), JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), sen, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 0.4 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 5 ppm (15 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO QUINONE-air | 10H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 66950; Number of Industries 17; Total Number of Facilities 1228; Number of Occupations 18; Total Number of Employees Exposed 15511; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 1274 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 66950; Number of Industries 3; Total Number of Facilities 145; Number of Occupations 6; Total Number of Employees Exposed 3292 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal | |
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9079;8EHQ-0892-9083 | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| On EPA IRIS database |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health