Turpentine

RTECS #

YO8400000

CAS #

8006-64-2; 8052-40-2
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

September 2013

Molecular Weight

N/R

Molecular Formula

N/R

Synonyms

Essential oils, turpentine
G 4134
Gum spirits of turpentine
Gum turpentine
Oil of turpentine
Oil of turpentine, rectified
Spirit of turpentine
Spirits of turpentine
Terebenthine (French)
Terpentin oel (German)
Turpentine (ACGIH:OSHA)
Turpentine oil
Turpentine oil, rectifier
Turpentine steam distilled
Wood turpentine

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /human	175 ppm		JIHTAB 25,282,1943
skin /human	0.1%	severe	BJDEAZ 158,734,2008
skin /rabbit	500 µL	severe	NTIS** OTS0545856

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 240 gm/kg/20W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	CNREA8 19,413,1959

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/guinea pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 16 gm/m³/1H		85GMAT -,119,1982
inhalation/guinea pig	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 13500 mg/m³/6H		HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 700 mg/m³/15M	Behavioral: Headache Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	VCVPS* -,291,1998
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 4000 mg/m³/1H	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	VCVPS* -,291,1998
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 175 ppm	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	JIHTAB 25,282,1943
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 6 gm/m³/3H	Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral: Headache	AHYGAJ 83,239,1914
inhalation/man	lowest published toxic concentration: 449 mg/m³/2H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	OEMEEM 53,100,1996
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 30000 mg/m³	Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight	VCVPS* -,291,1998
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 29 mg/m³/2H	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	TXAPA9 6,360,1964
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 9000 mg/m³/6H		HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 29000 mg/m³/2H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation	HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 13500 mg/m³/6H		HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 12 gm/m³		ENTOX* -,394,2005
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 19900 mg/m³/1H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation	HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 16600 mg/m³/2H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation	HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 13700 mg/m³/4H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation	HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 11700 mg/m³/6H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation	HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 16600 mg/m³/2H	Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight	VCVPS* -,291,1998
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 13700 mg/m³/4H	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough	VCVPS* -,291,1998
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 12 gm/m³/6H	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	TXAPA9 10,8,1967
intravenous/man	lowest published toxic dose: 71 µL/kg	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Associated connective tissue Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	AJEMEN 4,543,1986
intravenous/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1180 µg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	TXAPA9 6,360,1964
oral/infant	lowest published lethal dose: 1748 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	ADCHAK 28,475,1953
oral/infant	lowest published toxic dose: 874 mg/kg	Behavioral: Antipsychotic	ADCHAK 28,475,1953
oral/man	lowest published lethal dose: 2857 µL/kg	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	FSINDR 65,47,1994
oral/man	lowest published lethal dose: 3 mg/kg	Behavioral: Muscle weakness Gastrointestinal: Other changes	BMJOAE 2,77,1931
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3956 mg/kg		HPV143 -,-,2002
oral/woman	lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	ADCHAK 28,475,1953
skin/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2000 mg/kg		HPV143 -,-,2002
skin/rabbit	lowest published lethal dose: 5010 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	NTIS** OTS0545856
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1 mL/kg	Endocrine: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	TOLED5 147,153,2004
unreported route/human	lowest published lethal dose: 1777 mg/kg		FSINDR 65,47,1994
unreported route/man	lowest published lethal dose: 441 mg/kg		85DCAI 2,73,1970

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/Dog	lowest published toxic concentration: 4800 mg/m³/90D- intermittent	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Ataxia	HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 4800 mg/m³/90D- intermittent	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 2400 mg/m³/30D- intermittent	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2400 mg/m³/30D- intermittent	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	HPV143 -,-,2002
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 4800 mg/m³/90D- intermittent	Cardiac: Cardiomyopathy including infarction Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	HPV143 -,-,2002

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 20 ppm (sen)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		BLFSBY 24,253,1983
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 128,85,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,394,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		AIRMJ* 20,8,2001

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION		FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES	Cancelled/New AI	RBREV* -,280,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,274,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 100 ppm (557 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 100 ppm (560 mg/m³);KZW 100 ppm (560 mg/m³), skin, sen, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 20 ppm ( mg/m³), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 25 ppm (140 mg/m³), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 25 ppm (140 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 50 ppm (280 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 100 ppm (560 mg/m³), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	time-weighted average 560 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 560 mg/m³, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 25 ppm (140 mg/m³), skin, sen, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	Occupational Exposure Limit 50 ppm (280 mg/m³), s1 sen, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 100 ppm (556 mg/m³), sen, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 20 ppm (111 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 300 mg/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 840 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	time-weighted average 300 mg(C)/m³, short term exposure limit 600 mg(C)/m³, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	ceiling concentration 100 ppm (560 mg/m³), sen, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 560 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 100 ppm (566 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 150 ppm (850 mg/m³), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO TURPENTINE-air	10H time-weighted average 100 ppm	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code X5757; Number of Industries 75; Total Number of Facilities 7231; Number of Occupations 62; Total Number of Employees Exposed 116433; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 22205
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 74990; Number of Industries 146; Total Number of Facilities 19493; Number of Occupations 94; Total Number of Employees Exposed 351747; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 144051
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 74990; Number of Industries 139; Total Number of Facilities 12405; Number of Occupations 92; Total Number of Employees Exposed 113949

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9158
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Turpentine, 1551
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health