Styrene
RTECS #
WL3675000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
104.16
Molecular Formula
C8H8
Synonyms
Benzene, vinyl-
Cinnamene
Ethenylbenzene
Ethylene, phenyl-
NCI-C02200
Phenethylene
Phenylethene
Phenylethylene (OSHA)
Stirolo (Italian)
Styreen (Dutch)
Styren (Czech)
Styrene (OSHA)
Styrene, monomer
Styrene, monomer (ACGIH)
Styrol (German)
Styrole
Styrolene
Vinyl benzene (OSHA)
Vinylbenzen (Czech)
Vinylbenzene
Vinylbenzol
Cinnamene
Ethenylbenzene
Ethylene, phenyl-
NCI-C02200
Phenethylene
Phenylethene
Phenylethylene (OSHA)
Stirolo (Italian)
Styreen (Dutch)
Styren (Czech)
Styrene (OSHA)
Styrene, monomer
Styrene, monomer (ACGIH)
Styrol (German)
Styrole
Styrolene
Vinyl benzene (OSHA)
Vinylbenzen (Czech)
Vinylbenzene
Vinylbenzol
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /human | 50 ppm | mild | ENTOX* -,105,2005 |
| eye /rabbit | 100 mg | severe | AJOPAA 29,1363,1946 |
| eye /rabbit | 100 mg/24H | moderate | 85JCAE -,32,1986 |
| skin /human | 500 mg rinse | INMEAF 17,199,1948 | |
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg open irritation test | mild | UCDS** 12/13/1963 |
| skin /rabbit | 100% | moderate | AMIHAB 14,387,1956 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| body fluid assay | lymphocyte/human | 300 mg/kg | EMMUEG 17,27,1991 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | inhalation/human | 7500 ppb/8H/5D- intermittent | HEREAY 100,87,1984 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 300 ppm/72H | MUREAV 58,277,1978 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | inhalation/rat | 300 ppm/8W- intermittent | TOLED5 1,315,1978 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/hamster | 100 mg/L | ATSUDG 4,41,1980 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | multiple/human | 20 ppm/8Y- intermittent | MUREAV 537,131,2003 |
| DNA adduct | inhalation/mouse | 1500 µg/L/21D- intermittent | TXAPA9 210,1,2006 |
| DNA adduct | inhalation/mouse | 600 µg/L/10D- intermittent | TOLED5 184,33,2009 |
| DNA adduct | inhalation/human | 107.4 µg/L/4Y- intermittent | TOLED5 190,41,2009 |
| DNA Damage | inhalation/human | 107.4 µg/L/4Y- intermittent | TOLED5 190,41,2009 |
| DNA Damage | inhalation/human | 46.8 ppm/8.3Y | TOLED5 185,9,2009 |
| DNA Damage | intraperitoneal/mouse | 600 mg/kg | TXCYAC 264,171,2009 |
| DNA Damage | inhalation/human | 36.8 ppm/8.5Y- intermittent | EMMUEG 41,243,2003 |
| DNA Damage | leukocyte/human | 5 mmol/L/30M | TXCYAC 186,131,2003 |
| DNA Damage | inhalation/mouse | 1500 mg/m3/7D- intermittent | CBINA8 137,213,2001 |
| DNA Damage | intraperitoneal/mouse | 10 mmol/kg | CALEDQ 21,9,1983 |
| DNA Damage | liver/rat | 3 mmol/L | SinJF# 26OCT1982 |
| DNA inhibition | HeLa cell/human | 28 mmol/L | MUREAV 93,447,1982 |
| gene conversion and mitotic recombination | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 1 mmol/L | BSIBAC 59,233,1983 |
| host-mediated assay | Saccharomyes cerevisiae/mouse | 1 gm/kg | MUREAV 40,317,1976 |
| host-mediated assay | Schizosaccharomyces pombe/mouse | 1 gm/kg | MUREAV 40,317,1976 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 250 mg/kg | TOLED5 8,247,1981 |
| micronucleus test | inhalation/mouse | 1500 mg/m3/7D- intermittent | CBINA8 137,213,2001 |
| morphological transform | embryo/rat | 145 µg/plate | JJATDK 1,190,1981 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 1 µmol/plate (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 56,147,1977 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 1 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) | BSIBAC 59,233,1983 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lung/hamster | 240 µmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | CBINA8 39,57,1982 |
| sister chromatid exchange | inhalation/human | 1204 mg/m3/5Y- intermittent | MUREAV 73,387,1980 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 10 µmol/L | EMMUEG 22,85,1993 |
| sister chromatid exchange | intraperitoneal/mouse | 450 mg/kg | MUREAV 271,49,1992 |
| sister chromatid exchange | inhalation/mouse | 125 ppm/4D- intermittent | APTOD9 19,A34,1980 |
| sister chromatid exchange | intraperitoneal/rat | 750 mg/kg | MUREAV 271,49,1992 |
| sperm morphology | intraperitoneal/rat | 40 gm/kg/8W- intermittent | MUREAV 271,49,1992 |
| sperm morphology | intraperitoneal/mouse | 3500 mg/kg/7W- intermittent | MUREAV 271,49,1992 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | liver/rat | 3800 µmol/L | MUREAV 221,263,1989 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | lymphocyte/human | 100 µmol/L | CRNGDP 3,681,1982 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 293 ppm/6H (7-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETEEC 17,121,1995 |
| inhalation/rat | 1500 µg/m3/24H (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | GISAAA 39(11),65,1974 |
| inhalation/rat | 5 mg/m3/24H (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) | GISAAA 39(11),65,1974 |
| inhalation/rat | 1500 µg/m3/24H (1-7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | GISAAA 39(11),65,1974 |
| inhalation/rat | 50 ppm/6H (7-12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NEZAAQ 47,227,1992 |
| inhalation/mouse | 500 ppm/6H (6-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | APTOA6 47,127,1980 |
| inhalation/hamster | 1000 ppm/6H (6-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | APTOA6 47,127,1980 |
| oral/rat | 8600 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NTOTDY 7,23,1985 |
| oral/rat | 5575 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) | FAATDF 5,855,1985 |
| oral/rat | 4 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | JEBIDP 11,73,1990 |
| oral/rat | 11470 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TJADAB 42,651,1990 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 160 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | NTIS** OTS0558579-2 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 160 ppm/6H/98W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | JAPTO* 21,185,2001 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 ppm/6H/98W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | JAPTO* 21,185,2001 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/6H/104W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | JAPTO* 21,185,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/4H/5D/1Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Blood: Leukemia | ANYAA9 534,203,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1520 mg/kg/43W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | KHZDAN 25,464,1982 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 210,353,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 gm/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 289,28,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µg/m3/24H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 289,28,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 gm/L/1H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | TXCYAC 289,28,2011 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 12 gm/m3/14H | Eye: Lacrimation Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Antipsychotic | JIHTAB 24,295,1942 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 gm/m3 | TPKVAL 4,52,1962 | |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 3.4 gm/m3/3H | TPKVAL 4,52,1962 | |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 gm/m3/8H | TPKVAL 4,52,1962 | |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/1H | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | VCVGH* -,193,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 376 ppm/25M | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | VCVGH* -,193,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 376 ppm/50M | Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Behavioral: Ataxia | VCVGH* -,193,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 376 ppm/60M | Behavioral: Headache | VCVGH* -,193,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 800 ppm/4H | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia | VCVGH* -,193,1990 |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 10000 ppm/30M | 29ZWAE -,77,1968 | |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Other eye effects | AMIHAB 14,387,1956 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 µg/m3 | Eye: Other eye effects | GISAAA 26(8),11,1961 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 376 ppm/1H | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | AEHLAU 16,656,1968 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/8H | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TXAPA9 189,160,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/6H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | FCTOD7 42,1655,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 gm/m3 | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | TPKVAL 4,52,1962 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm/6M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | TOLED5 9,137,1981 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 21000 mg/m3/2H | VCVGH* -,192,1990 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 9500 mg/m3/4H | VCVGH* -,192,1990 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4940 ppm/2H | ENTOX* ,105,2005 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/kg/6H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 335,28,2017 |
| inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4000 ppm/4H | UCDS** 12/13/1963 | |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 40000 mg/m3/2H | Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | VCVGH* -,192,1990 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 gm/m3 | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | TPKVAL 4,52,1962 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 6450 mg/m3/5H | Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | INHTE5 16,209,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/6H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | FCTOD7 42,1655,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 11800 mg/m3/4H | VCVGH* -,192,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5460 mg/m3/1H | Eye: Lacrimation Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | VCVGH* -,192,1990 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 40000 mg/m3/2H | Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | VCVGH* -,192,1990 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6450 mg/m3/5H | Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | INHTE5 16,209,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2770 ppm/4H | ENTOX* ,105,2005 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 183,28,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | TXCYAC 294,104,2012 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 660 mg/kg | ARZNAD 19,617,1969 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TOLED5 150,335,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 227,217,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 898 mg/kg | ENVRAL 40,411,1986 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 90 mg/kg | ARZNAD 19,617,1969 | |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >1500 mg/kg | GISAAA 39(4),86,1974 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 316 mg/kg | NCILB* NCI-E-C-72-3252,1973 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2650 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Liver: Other changes | SRTCAC 36(1-4),10,1989 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (10 percent kill): 5 mL/kg | VCVGH* -,192,1990 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5000 mg/kg | ENTOX* ,105,2005 | |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 26.4 mg/kg | Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, irritative Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 255,100,2009 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOXID9 -,194,2009 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 6 gm/m3/8H/26W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | JIHTAB 24,295,1942 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 40 ppm/6H/3D- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | CBINA8 137,185,2001 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 80 ppm/6H/104W- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JAPTO* 21,185,2001 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 160 ppm/6H/98W- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JAPTO* 21,185,2001 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 ppm/6H/52W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | JAPTO* 21,185,2001 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/6H/78W- intermittent | Olfaction: Change in olfactory nerve | JAPTO* 21,185,2001 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/6H/5D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | FCTOD7 42,1655,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 160 ppm/6H/5D- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | FCTOD7 42,1655,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Other changes | FCTOD7 42,1655,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 160 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | FCTOD7 42,1655,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/90D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOXID9 12,397,1992 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 250 ppm/6H/14D- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | FAATDF 20,325,1993 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 250 ppm/6H/5D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | FAATDF 20,325,1993 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/6H/22D- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | TOSCF2 48,123,1999 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1500 mg/m3/3D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ARTODN 77,56,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1500 mg/m3/6D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | ARTODN 77,56,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/kg/1W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TXAPA9 335,28,2017 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/4H/20D- intermittent | Endocrine: Adrenal cortex hyperplasia | VCVGH* -,195,1990 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 gm/m3/60D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TPKVAL 4,52,1962 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/4H/17W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | GISAAA 35(8),112,1970 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/4H/20D- intermittent | Endocrine: Adrenal cortex hyperplasia | VCVGH* -,195,1990 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 160 ppm/6H/4D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 42,1655,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/6H/2D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 42,1655,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/6H/3D- intermittent | Eye: Ptosis Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | FCTOD7 42,1655,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm/4W- intermittent | Ear: Change in acuity Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | ARTODN 76,40,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1500 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Behavioral: Fluid intake | FAATDF 35,152,1997 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm/6H/2W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes | JTEHD6 52,63,1997 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/24H/70D- continuous | Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | GISAAA 26(8),11,1961 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/8H/32W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ENVRAL 62,148,1993 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 6 gm/m3/8H/26W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Other eye effects | JIHTAB 24,295,1942 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 140.2 ppm/8H/10D- intermittent | Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins | ARTODN 79,653,2005 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/4W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TOLED5 211,211,2012 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent | Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | NETEEC 44,113,2014 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/4H/6W- intermittent | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | VCVGH* -,195,1990 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/6H/5D- intermittent | Ear: Change in acuity Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | NETEEC 25,39,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2150 mg/m3/5D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Endocrine: Change in LH Endocrine: Androgenic | INHTE5 16,209,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/8H/10D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes | ARTODN 79,653,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | ARTODN 80,703,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/6H/20D- intermittent | Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function Ear: Tumors | NETEEC 23,71,2001 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | RTOPDW 62,214,2012 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/7W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | JTSCDR 14,1,1989 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 gm/kg/10D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TOLED5 45,271,1989 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 337 gm/kg/76W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Blood: Other changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | NTIS** OTS0546563 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 3200 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | IJEBA6 32,68,1994 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | IJEBA6 32,68,1994 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | RTOPDW 62,214,2012 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20400 mg/kg/60D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | ARTODN 63,43,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 17200 mg/kg/14W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | JJATDK 2,219,1982 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3200 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | IJEBA6 32,68,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 23190 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar constriction Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Monoamine oxidase | TOLED5 7,47,1980 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 40 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Behavioral: Fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FAATDF 5,855,1985 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3150 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | APTOA6 52,47,1983 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12000 mg/kg/60D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | IJEBA6 30,399,1992 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8822 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ARTODN 79,346,2005 |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | RCOCB8 19,109,1978 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 20 ppm;short term exposure limit 40 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 19,231,1979 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 60,233,1994 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 82,437,2002 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 19,231,1979 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 60,233,1994 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 82,437,2002 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2B | IMEMDT 60,233,1994 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2B | IMEMDT 82,437,2002 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 11,115,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 11,163,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CBINA8 22,117,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | IGAYAY 106,105,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 566,21,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 134,3,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 138,1,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 138,75,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,227,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,109,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,151,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,347,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 39,69,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 35,308,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 589,158,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 589,67,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 45,271,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 566,209,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BCLPT* 96,131,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,105,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 5,1,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 7,1,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 8,95,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BDERB* 77,110,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 544,273,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 658,215,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 654,114,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 544,339,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,577,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 254,1,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,3,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,93,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,241,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,80,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | IMEMDT 82,437, | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 705,107,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,239,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,629,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,727,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,747,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 23,191,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,33,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,231,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 727,1,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 736,122,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 49,1877,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 28,375,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 759,27,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 762,76,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 30,89,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 64,258,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 55,596,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 769,34,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 768,27,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 802,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,12,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,73,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,92,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,170,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 773,188,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 32,491,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 61,120,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,247,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,294,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,205,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,43,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 59,364,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,235,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 50 ppm (213 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (426 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 20 ppm (85 mg/m3);KZW 80 ppm (340 mg/m3), 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 50 ppm (216 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 100 ppm (432 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | ceiling concentration 25 ppm (105 mg/m3), skin, carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 20 ppm (86 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (430 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 50 ppm (215 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 20 ppm (86 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 50 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 50 mg/m3, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | short term exposure limit 25 ppm (105 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 20 ppm (85 mg/m3), skin, 2B carc, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 50 ppm (215 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (425 mg/m3), skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 50 ppm (215 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (425 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (213 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (426 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 25 ppm (105 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 20 ppm (85 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 40 ppm (170 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 50 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 200 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 30 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 20 ppm (90 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 50 ppm (200 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 20 ppm (85 mg/m3), KZG-week 40 ppm (170 mg/m3), JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 100 ppm, short term exposure limit 200 ppm, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 107 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 100 ppm (420 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 100 ppm (420 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 100 ppm (430 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (1080 mg/m3), OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm;ceiling concentration 200;Pk 600/5M/3H | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO STYRENE-air | 10H time-weighted average 50 ppm;short term exposure limit 100 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 70130; Number of Industries 154; Total Number of Facilities 24702; Number of Occupations 115; Total Number of Employees Exposed 333212; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 86902 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 70130; Number of Industries 137; Total Number of Facilities 16394; Number of Occupations 117; Total Number of Employees Exposed 292018 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/93/110849/AS) | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: S pombe-forward mutation | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; In vitro UDS-human fibroblast | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: V79 cell culture-gene mutation | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro human lymphocyte micronucleus | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vivo cytogenetics-human lymphocyte; Host-mediated assay | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion | |
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0393-8756;8EHQ-0294-8756 | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-8996 | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);inadequate studies:mouse,rat | NCITR* NCI-TR-185,1979 |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);inadequate studies:mouse,rat | NCITR* NCI-TR-170,1979 |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, aromatic, 1501 | |
| NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen | |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #89 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health