Silica, crystalline - quartz
RTECS #
VV7330000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
60.09
Molecular Formula
O2Si
Synonyms
Agate
alpha-Quartz
Amethyst
Chalcedony
Cherts
Crystalline silica
Crystallized silicon dioxide
D & D
DQ12
Flint
Flintshot
Gold bond R
Imsil
Min-U-Sil
Novaculite
Onyx
Quartz
Quartz silica
Quazo puro (Italian)
Rock crystal
Rose quartz
Sand
SF 35
Sicron F 300
Siderite (SiO2)
Sikron F 100
Sil-Co-Sil
Silica
Silica dust
Silica flour (powdered crystalline silica)
Silica, crystalline quartz (ACGIH:OSHA)
Silicon oxide, di- (sand)
Silver bond B
Snowit
TGL 16319
Tiger-eye
W 12
W 12 (Filler)
alpha-Quartz
Amethyst
Chalcedony
Cherts
Crystalline silica
Crystallized silicon dioxide
D & D
DQ12
Flint
Flintshot
Gold bond R
Imsil
Min-U-Sil
Novaculite
Onyx
Quartz
Quartz silica
Quazo puro (Italian)
Rock crystal
Rose quartz
Sand
SF 35
Sicron F 300
Siderite (SiO2)
Sikron F 100
Sil-Co-Sil
Silica
Silica dust
Silica flour (powdered crystalline silica)
Silica, crystalline quartz (ACGIH:OSHA)
Silicon oxide, di- (sand)
Silver bond B
Snowit
TGL 16319
Tiger-eye
W 12
W 12 (Filler)
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNA Damage | intratracheal/rat | 3 mg/kg | TXAPA9 189,84,2003 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 120 mg/L/24H | EMMUEG 48,151,2007 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 120 mg/L | EMMUEG 48,151,2007 |
| DNA Damage | lung/rat | 500 mg/plate/4H | MUREAV 617,46,2007 |
| DNA Damage | intratracheal/rat | 30 mg/kg/3M- intermittent | TXCYAC 303,177,2013 |
| DNA Damage | lung/human | 200 mg/L/48H | ACLSC* 119,175,2016 |
| micronucleus test | lung/human | 40 µg/cm2 | MUREAV 335,27,1995 |
| micronucleus test | lung/hamster | 160 µg/cm2 | MUREAV 335,27,1995 |
| micronucleus test | lung/human | 200 mg/L/48H | ACLSC* 119,175,2016 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| implant/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4000 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors | BJCAAI 22,825,1968 |
| implant/rat | toxic dose: 4554 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | CORTBR 88,223,1972 |
| implant/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | AICCA6 10,119,1954 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/6H/71W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | ENVRAL 40,499,1986 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 45 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | ZHPMAT 162,467,1976 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | toxic dose: 90 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease | JNCIAM 57,509,1976 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors | NATWAY 59,318,1972 |
| intrapleural/hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 83 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | 31BYAP -,92,1974 |
| intrapleural/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease | JNCIAM 57,509,1976 |
| intrapleural/rat | toxic dose: 200 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma | JNCIAM 48,797,1972 |
| intrapleural/rat | toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | BJCAAI 41,908,1980 |
| intrapleural/rat | toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | AIHAAP 41,836,1980 |
| intrapleural/rat | toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | JJIND8 79,797,1987 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 111 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | CREMEX 2,243,1986 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg/19W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | EVHPAZ 34,47,1980 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease | JNCIAM 57,509,1976 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| implant/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosing alveolitis Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXAPA9 183,46,2002 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 125 mg/L/17H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 1,71,1987 |
| In Vitro/Human, colon tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,398,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, erythrocytes | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.86 gm/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Hemolysis in vitro | TIVIEQ 1,239,1987 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 36.19 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 272,11,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 272,11,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 15 mg/L/48H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 238,20,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. | ACLSC* 119,175,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | ACLSC* 119,175,2016 |
| In Vitro/mja | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TXAPA9 283,92,2015 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 309,101,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 60 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 27,1049,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 15 mg/L/24H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 27,1049,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 68 mg/L/17H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 1,77,1987 |
| In Vitro/mpe | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 80 µg/well/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 26,323,2012 |
| In Vitro/mpe | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µg/well/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TIVIEQ 26,323,2012 |
| In Vitro/mpe | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 80 µg/well/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TIVIEQ 26,323,2012 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 16 million particles per cubic foot/8H/17.9Y- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | NTIS** PB246-697 |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 300 µg/m3/10Y- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | ANYAA9 271,324,1976 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOXID9 72,45,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 mg/kg | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response | TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),372,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 248 mg/m3/6H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 -,306,2008 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 44,213,2005 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe | AJPHAP 267,L686,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 248 mg/m3/6H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 266,16,2009 |
| intratracheal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg/7D | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum | TXAPA9 309,101,2016 |
| intratracheal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg/24H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum | TXAPA9 309,101,2016 |
| intratracheal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial) Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXAPA9 185,1,2002 |
| intratracheal/mouse | Lethal dose: >20 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | ARDSBL 141(Suppl),A3-A937,1990 |
| intratracheal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 16.7 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | TOXID9 72,44,2003 |
| intratracheal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 -,390,2009 |
| intratracheal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | TOLED5 142,71,2003 |
| intratracheal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosing alveolitis Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | TOXID9 60,423,2001 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | TOXID9 90,214,2006 | |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 225,119,2006 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | TOLED5 158,1,2005 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | TXAPA9 194,111,2004 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1250 µg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 149,255,2004 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 155,353,2005 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOXID9 66,76,2002 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOXID9 66,98,2002 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response | TOXID9 78,191,2004 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Consolidation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 78,382,2004 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15.69 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | TOXID9 72,43,2003 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),372,2003 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOXID9 72,45,2003 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | JTEHD6 19,403,1986 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/1H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | IVIEM* -,453,1985 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.5 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial) | ARTODN 74,716,2001 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) | BJIMAG 10,9,1953 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg | Liver: Tumors | TXCYAC 303,177,2013 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | TOLED5 192,286,2010 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | TOLED5 192,286,2010 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 227.3 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 270,96,2017 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.2 mg/kg | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | RTOPDW 59,251,2011 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | RTOPDW 59,251,2011 |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg | BIJOAK 27,1007,1933 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 40 mg/kg | JNCIAM 1,241,1940 | |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 90 mg/kg | JNCIAM 57,509,1976 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 111.1 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosing alveolitis Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 203,127,2011 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXAPA9 283,92,2015 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 120 gm/kg | Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal: Other changes | EPASR* #86940001000,1994 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/domestic animal | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 gm/m3/10D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | EXLRDA 15,409,1989 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 28 mg/m3/3W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | TXAPA9 68,152,1983 |
| inhalation/hamster | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m3/6H/78W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight | INHTE5 10,699,1998 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/818D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOXID9 72,44,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 160 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) | TXCYAC 195,167,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1475 µg/m3/8H/21W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | ENVRAL 39,331,1986 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 4932 µg/m3/24H/39W- continuous | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | ENVRAL 21,298,1980 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 80 mg/m3/26W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Blood: Changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response | GTPZAB 31(1),24,1987 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 108 mg/m3/6H/3D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXAPA9 107,350,1991 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 58 mg/m3/13W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | FCTOD7 29,341,1991 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 6.2 mg/m3/6H/6W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | TOXID9 78,11,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 mg/m3/79D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosing alveolitis Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 1,81,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 mg/m3/26W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOXID9 72,44,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.74 mg/m3/2Y- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOXID9 72,44,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/75D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOXID9 72,44,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | TOXID9 90,213,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 96 mg/m3/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 186,152,2009 |
| intratracheal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) | TXAPA9 309,101,2016 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/3M- intermittent | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation Liver: Other changes | TXCYAC 303,177,2013 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21.75 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 -,105,2008 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 144 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 -,105,2008 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 203 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 -,105,2008 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 240 µg/kg/12W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response | TXCYAC 175,63,2002 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 960 µg/kg/12W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 175,63,2002 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 µg/kg/12W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 66,353,2002 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.88 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Blood: Other changes Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TXCYAC 175,63,2002 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 11.52 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Other changes Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TXCYAC 175,63,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | JOETD7 224,111,2018 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | JOETD7 224,111,2018 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.025 mg/m3 (resp) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Suspected human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 42,39,1987 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 68,41,1997 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 42,39,1987 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 68,41,1997 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 100C,396,2012 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 100C,396,2012 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 1 | IMEMDT 68,41,1997 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 1 | IMEMDT 100C,396,2012 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | 31BYAP -,94,1974 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,83,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,223,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 566,209,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,14,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,683,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,241,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PTPAD4 120,35,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 22,161,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 21,225,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NEUCL* 18,695,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,185,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,231,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 727,72,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 721,27,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 744,8,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 767,67,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 768,27,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,12,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,106,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,170,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,204,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 109,650,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,72,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,200,2009 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-respirable dust in air | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3/% resp. SiO2+2 | DTLWS* 3,33,1973 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-total dust in air | time-weighted average 30 mg/m3/2(SiO2+3) | DTLWS* 3,33,1973 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (resp. dust), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (respirable), carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (resp.), carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3 (total), MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 0.1 mg/m3, (resp), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (resp. dust), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (respirable), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 0.2 mg/m3 (respirable dust), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (resp. dust), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3 (total dust), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 0,05 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 3 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (resp. dust), JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 0.15 mg/m3, carc 1, resp, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 (resp. dust), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 30 mg/m3 (total dust), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 0.075 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (resp. dust), OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 10 mg/m3/(% resp SiO2+2) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 30 mg/m3/(%SiO2+2), total dust | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 250 mppcf/(%SiO2+5) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 10 mg/m3/(% resp SiO2+2) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 250 mppcf/(%SiO2+5) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO SILICA, crystalline quartz-air | 10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code X6478; Number of Industries 2; Total Number of Facilities 135; Number of Occupations 10; Total Number of Employees Exposed 8927; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 741 | |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 66495; Number of Industries 254; Total Number of Facilities 53724; Number of Occupations 173; Total Number of Employees Exposed 944731; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 112888 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 66495; Number of Industries 59; Total Number of Facilities 4077; Number of Occupations 82; Total Number of Employees Exposed 81221 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health