Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-

RTECS #

MV2450000

CAS #

57-14-7
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

June 2018

Molecular Weight

60.12

Molecular Formula

C₂H₈N₂

Synonyms

1,1-Dimethylhydrazin (German)
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (ACGIH:OSHA)
as-Dimethyl hydrazine
asymmetric-Dimethylhydrazine
Dimazin
Dimazine
Dimethylhydrazine
N,N-Dimethylhydrazine
Niesymetryczna dwu metylohydrazyna (Polish)
RCRA waste number U098
uns-Dimethylhydrazine
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	subcutaneous/rat	160 mg/kg/3W- intermittent	MUREAV 582,146,2005
Cytogenetic Analysis	inhalation/rat	54 mg/kg/10D	MUREAV 577S,1,2005
DNA Damage	inhalation/rat	100 gm/L/4H/30D- intermittent	TOVEFN -,11,2009
DNA Damage	oral/rat	200 mg/kg	TOVEFN -,11,2009
DNA Damage	subcutaneous/rat	160 mg/kg/3W- intermittent	MUREAV 582,146,2005
DNA Damage	/Escherichia coli	1 µmol/L	ARTODN 46,277,1980
DNA Damage	fibroblast/human	300 µmol/L	ENMUDM 7,267,1985
DNA Damage	liver/rat	30 µmol/L	MUREAV 113,357,1983
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/mouse	3500 µmol/kg	CNREA8 41,1469,1981
DNA Damage	oral/mouse	50 mg/kg	MUREAV 415,1,1998
DNA inhibition	oral/mouse	200 mg/kg	MUREAV 46,305,1977
DNA inhibition	Ascites tumor/mouse	1100 µmol/L	JJATDK 1,243,1981
DNA repair	/Bacillus subtilis	6 mg/disc	MUREAV 97,1,1982
DNA repair	/Escherichia coli	600 µg/disc	MUREAV 97,1,1982
DNA repair	liver/mouse	100 µmol/L	JJCREP 79,204,1988
host-mediated assay	Salmonella typhimurium/mouse	125 mg/kg	JJIND8 62,911,1979
micronucleus test	intraperitoneal/mouse	28 mg/kg/24H-continuous	MUREAV 216,321,1989
morphological transform	other cell types/human	50 mg/L	ITCSAF 17,719,1981
morphological transform	fibroblast/human	167 µmol/L	PNASA6 80,7219,1983
morphological transform	oral/rat	200 µmol/kg	CBINA8 43,313,1983
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lymphocyte/mouse	5 mmol/L/24H	NTIS** AD-A075-605
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lung/hamster	5 mmol/L	MUREAV 130,121,1984
mutation in microorganisms	/Aspergillus nidulans	198 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 80,265,1981
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	42 µmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	CNREA8 41,1469,1981
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	500 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	CNJGA8 21,319,1979
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	20 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	ARTODN 46,277,1980
other mutation test systems	Ascites tumor/mouse	900 µmol/L	JJATDK 1,243,1981
phage inhibition capacity	/Escherichia coli	17 gm/L	CNREA8 41,532,1981
sister chromatid exchange	intraperitoneal/mouse	10 mg/kg	ENMUDM 8,579,1986
sperm morphology	intraperitoneal/mouse	2300 mg/kg/5D-continuous	CMMUAO 5,257,1978
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	intraperitoneal/rat	60 mg/kg	CANCAR 36,2364,1975

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
intraperitoneal/rat	600 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	JTEHD6 13,125,1984

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 144 mg/kg/8W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	JNCIAM 42,337,1969
oral/hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 228 gm/kg/48W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Vascular: Tumors Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors	CANCAR 40,2427,1977
oral/mouse	toxic dose: 288 mg/kg/8W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	JNCIAM 42,337,1969
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 5880 mg/kg/42W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Vascular: Tumors Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	JNCIAM 50,181,1973
oral/rat	toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/14W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Ear: Tumors Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors	NATUAS 246,491,1973
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/7W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Ear: Tumors Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors	NATUAS 246,491,1973
subcutaneous/hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 2686 mg/kg/72W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Peripheral nerve tumors	CALEDQ 35,303,1987
subcutaneous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/21W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors	CALEDQ 39,69,1988
subcutaneous/mouse	toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/25W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors	BEXBAN 92,1681,1981
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors	SUFOAX 31,413,1980
subcutaneous/rat	toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/20W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors	SUFOAX 31,413,1980

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/Dog	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3580 ppm/15M	Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold	AIHAAP 24,137,1963
inhalation/Dog	lowest published toxic concentration: 18 ppm/10M	Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	TOXID9 44,303,2005
inhalation/Dog	lowest published toxic concentration: 6 ppm/30M	Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	TOXID9 44,303,2005
inhalation/Dog	lowest published toxic concentration: 3 ppm/1H	Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	TOXID9 44,303,2005
inhalation/Dog	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.75 ppm/4H	Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	TOXID9 44,303,2005
inhalation/Dog	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.38 ppm/8H	Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	TOXID9 44,303,2005
inhalation/Dog	Lowest published lethal concentration: 65 ppm/10M		TOXID9 44,303,2005
inhalation/Dog	Lowest published lethal concentration: 22 ppm/30M		TOXID9 44,303,2005
inhalation/Dog	Lowest published lethal concentration: 11 ppm/1H		TOXID9 44,303,2005
inhalation/Dog	Lowest published lethal concentration: 2.7 ppm/4H		TOXID9 44,303,2005
inhalation/Dog	Lowest published lethal concentration: 1.4 ppm/8H		TOXID9 44,303,2005
inhalation/guinea pig	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 100 mg/m³/4H		TOVEFN (6),39,1999
inhalation/hamster	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 392 ppm/4H	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold	AMIHAB 12,609,1955
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 172 ppm/4H	Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	AMIHAB 12,609,1955
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 252 ppm/4H	Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	AMIHAB 12,609,1955
intracerebral/rat	lowest published lethal dose: 27 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold	BCPCA6 14,1901,1965
intraperitoneal/cat	lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis	EJTXAZ 7,238,1974
intraperitoneal/Dog	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	NTIS** AD292-689
intraperitoneal/monkey	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	NTIS** AD292-689
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 113 mg/kg	Eye: Miosis (pupilliary constriction) Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	PSEBAA 124,172,1967
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 102 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold	TXAPA9 6,371,1964
intravenous/Dog	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg		MEPAAX 24,71,1973
intravenous/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kg		MEPAAX 24,71,1973
intravenous/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 119 mg/kg		MEPAAX 24,71,1973
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 155 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)	STGNBT -,71,1999
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 122 mg/kg		MEPAAX 24,71,1973
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg	Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count	TOVEFN -,11,2009
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg	Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count	TOVEFN -,11,2009
oral/rat	lowest published lethal dose: 140 mg/kg	Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count	TOVEFN -,11,2009
skin/Dog	lowest published lethal dose: 301 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold	TXAPA9 18,649,1971
skin/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1329 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold	XAWPA2 CWL 2-10,1958
skin/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1060 mg/kg		85INA8 5,210.1(89),1986
skin/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 770 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above	STGNBT -,71,1999
subcutaneous/hamster	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 325 mg/kg		CALEDQ 35,303,1987
unreported route/human	lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg	Behavioral: Headache Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Liver function tests impaired	STGNBT -,71,1999

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 34 gm/m³/13M/40D	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion	EJTXAZ 7,242,1974
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m³/4H/30D- intermittent	Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count	TOVEFN -,11,2009
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 630 mg/kg/3W- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	TXAPA9 15,62,1969

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.01 ppm (skin)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 4,137,1974
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 71,1425,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data	IMEMDT 4,137,1974
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data	IMEMDT 71,1425,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 2B	IMEMDT 71,1425,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ATXKA8 28,135,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 627,10,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HTOPA* 1,501,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 723,108,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 762,76,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 783,36,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 802,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 823,45,2017

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³) (skin)	DTLVS* 3,91,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 0.01 ppm (0.025 mg/m³), Carcinogen, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 0.01 ppm (0.025 mg/m³), Skin, Carcinogen, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 0.01 ppm (0.025 mg/m³), skin, carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	short term exposure limit 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m³), C2 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	ceiling concentration 1.2 mg/m³, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m³), carc, skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	2B carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³), skin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 1 ppm (2 mg/m³) (skin), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 0.01 ppm (0.025 mg/m³), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 0.01 ppm (0.025 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	Group B Carcinogen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 0.5 ppm (1.2 mg/m³), carc 2, skin, sen, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE-air	Carcinogen ceiling concentration 0.06 ppm/120M	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 84395; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 43; Number of Occupations 3; Total Number of Employees Exposed 2917
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 84395; Number of Industries 2; Total Number of Facilities 14; Number of Occupations 3; Total Number of Employees Exposed 25

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/98/101025/AS)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Rodent dominant lethal; L5178Y cells in vitro-TK test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: S cerevisiae gene conversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse; In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Cell transform.-SA7/SHE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, 3515
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen
On EPA IRIS database

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health