Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, commonly referred to as Hantavirus disease, is a febrile illness characterized by bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates and respiratory compromise requiring supplemental oxygen and simulating adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The typical prodrome consists of fever, chills, myalgias, headaches, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Typical clinical laboratory findings include hemoconcentration, left shift in the white blood cell count, neutrophilic leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and circulating immunoblasts.
An illness characterized by one or more of the following clinical features:
Confirmed: A clinically-compatible case with laboratory criteria for diagnosis
Laboratory testing must be performed or confirmed at a reference laboratory. Because the clinical illness is non-specific and adult respiratory distress syndrome is common, a screening case definition should be used to determine which patients to test. In general, a predisposing medical condition (e.g., chronic pulmonary disease, malignancy, trauma, burn, and surgery) is a more likely cause of ARDS than Hantavirus, and patients who have these underlying conditions and ARDS should not be tested for Hantavirus.