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Summary of Notifiable Diseases

Contents
Home - National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System
1996 Annual Summary
    Table of Contents
    Foreward
    Background
    Data Sources
    Interpreting Data
    Highlights
    Graphs and Maps
    Bibliography
other years


United States 1996


Bibliography

General

CDC. Case definitions for infectious conditions under public health surveillance. MMWR 1997;46(No. RR-10).

CDC. Ten leading nationally notifiable infectious diseases-United States, 1995. MMWR 1996; 45:883-4.

CDC. Notifiable disease surveillance and notifiable disease statistics-United States, June 1946 and June 1996. MMWR 1996;45:530-7.

CDC. Manual of procedures for the reporting of nationally notifiable diseases to CDC. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, 1995.

CDC. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance, 1993. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1994.

CDC. Use of race and ethnicity in public health surveillance. MMWR 1993;42(No. RR-10).

CDC. National electronic telecommunications system for surveillance. Informational brochure July 1996. (http://www.cdc.gov/ncphi/disss/netss.htm)

CDC. Mandatory reporting of infectious diseases by clinicians, and mandatory reporting of occupational diseases by clinicians. MMWR 1990;39(No. RR-9).

Benenson AS. Control of communicable diseases in man. 16th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 1995.

Koo D, Wetterhall S. History and current status of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. J Public Health Management and Practice 1996;2:4-10.

Martin SM, Bean NH. Data management issues for emerging diseases and new tools for managing surveillance and laboratory data. Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal 1995;1:124-8.

Teutsch SM, Churchill RE, eds. Principles and practice of public health surveillance. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Thacker SB, Choi K, Brachman PS. The surveillance of infectious diseases. JAMA 1983;249: 1181-5. Thacker SB, Stroup DF. Future directions for comprehensive public health surveillance and health information systems in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:383-97.

AIDS

CDC. HIV/AIDS surveillance report--Year-end edition. 1996;8(2).

CDC. AIDS among children--United States, 1996. MMWR 1996;1005-10.

CDC. Update: trends in AIDS incidence, deaths, and prevalence--United States, 1996. MMWR 1997;165-73.

CDC. AIDS associated with injecting drug use--United States, 1995. MMWR 1996;392-8.

Anthrax

Brachman PS. Anthrax. In: Hoeprich PD, Jordan MC, Roland AR, eds. Infectious diseases. 5th ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co., 1994:1003-8.

Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hugh-Jones M, et al. The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979. Science 1994;266:1202-8.

Arboviral Infections (California serogroup viruses, eastern equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, western equine encephalitis)

Monath TP, ed. The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1989.

Tsai TF. Arboviral infections in the United States. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1991;5:73-102.

Tsai TF. Arboviruses and related zoonotic viruses. In: Oski FJ, ed. Principles and practices of pediatrics. 2nd. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co., 1994:1266-88.

Botulism

Townes JM, Cieslak PR, Hatheway CL, et al. An outbreak of type A botulism associated with a commercial cheese sauce. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:558-63.

St. Louis ME, Peck SHS, Bowering D, et al. Botulism from chopped garlic: delayed recognition of a major outbreak. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:363-8.

Weber JT, Hatheway CL, St. Louis ME. Botulism. In: Hoeprich PD, Jordan MC, Ronald AR. Infectious diseases: a treatise of infectious processes. 5th ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co., 1994:1185-94.

Woodruff BA, Griffin PM, McCroskey LM, et al. Clinical and laboratory comparison of botulism from toxin types A, B, and E in the United States 1975-1988. J Infect Dis 1992;166:1281-6.

Brucellosis

Chomel BB, DeBess EE, Mangiamele DM, et al. Changing trends in the epidemiology of human brucellosis in California from 1973 to 1992: a shift toward foodborne transmission. J Infect Dis 1994 Nov;170(5):1216-23.

Kaufmann AF, Fox MD, Boyce JM, et al. Airborne spread of brucellosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1980; 353:105-14.

Staskiewicz J, Lewis CM, Colville J, Zervos M, Band J. Outbreak of Brucella melitensis among microbiology laboratory workers in a community hospital. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:287-90.

Chancroid

CDC. Chancroid in the United States, 1981-1990: evidence for underreporting of cases. MMWR 1992;41(No. SS-3):57-61.

DiCarlo RP, Armentor BS, Martin DH. Chancroid epidemiology in New Orleans men. J Infect Dis 1995;172:446-52.

CDC. Chancroid detected by polymerase chain reaction -- Jackson, Mississippi, 1994-1995. MMWR 1995; 44:567,573-4.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection

CDC. Recommendations for the prevention and management of Chlamydia trachomatisinfections, 1993. MMWR 1993; 42(RR-12):1-39.

Mosure DJ, Berman S, Kleinbaum D, Halloran ME. Predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among female adolescents: a longitudinal analysis. Amer J Epid 1996;144:997-1003.

Mertz KJ, Levine WC, Mosure DJ, Berman SM, Dorian KJ. Trends in the prevalence of chlamydial infections: the impact of community-wide testing. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1997; 24:169-75.

CDC. Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections--United States, 1995. MMWR 1997;46:193-8.

Cholera

Blake PA. Epidemiology of cholera in the Americas. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1993;22:639-60.

Wachsmuth IK, Blake PA, Olsvik O, eds. Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1994.

World Health Organization. Guidelines for cholera control. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993.

Mahon BE, Mintz ED, Greene KD, Wells JG, Tauxe RV. Reported cholera in the United States, 1992-1994: a reflection of global changes in cholera epidemiology. JAMA 1996;276:307-12.

Cyclospora

Herwaldt BL, Ackers ML, Cyclospora Working Group. An outbreak in 1996 of cyclosporiasis associated with imported raspberries. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1548-56.

Huang P, Weber JT, Sosin DM, et al. The first reported outbreak of diarrheal illness associated with Cyclospora in the United States. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:409-14.

CDC. Update: Outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetenensis infections--United States and Canada, 1996. MMWR 1997;46:521-3.

Soave R. Cyclospora: an overview. Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:429-35.

Cryptosporidiosis

Juranek DD. Cryptosporidiosis: sources of infection and guidelines for prevention. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(Suppl. 1):S57-S61. (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/crypto/sources.htm)

CDC. Assessing the public health threat associated with waterborne cryptosporidiosis: report of a workshop. MMWR 1995;44(No. RR-6):1-19. (ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Publications/mmwr/ rr/rr4406.pdf)

Kramer MH, Herwaldt BL, Craun GF, Calderon RL, Juranek DD. Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--United States, 1993-1994. In: Surveillance Summaries, April 12, 1996. MMWR 1996;45(No. SS-2).

Dengue

Rigau-Perez JG, Gubler DJ, Vorndam AV, Clark GG. Dengue in travelers from the United States, 1986-1994. J Travel Med 1997;4:65-71.

Diphtheria

CDC. Diphtheria acquired by U.S. citizens in the Russian Federation and Ukraine--1994. MMWR 1995;44:237,243-44.

Chen RT, Broome CV, Weinstein RA, Weaver R, Tsai TF. Diphtheria in the United States, 1971--1981. Am J Public Health 1985;75:1393-7.

Hardy IRB, Dittmann S, Sutter RW. Resurgence of diphtheria in the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union: current situation and control strategies. Lancet 1996;347:1739-44.

Escherichia coli O157:H7, Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Boyce TG, Pemberton AG, Wells JG, Griffin PM. Screening for Escherichia coli O157:H7--a nationwide survey of clinical laboratories. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:3275-7.

Griffin PM, Tauxe RV. The epidemiology of infections caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, other enterohemorrhagic E.coli and the associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:60-98.

Martin DL, MacDonald KL, White KE, Soler JT, Osterholm MT. The epidemiology and clinical aspects of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Minnesota. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1161-7.

Slutsker L, Ries AA, Greene KD, et al. Escherichia coli O157:H7 diarrhea in the United States: clinical and epidemiologic features. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:505-13.

Gonorrhea

CDC. Surveillance for gonorrhea and primary and secondary syphilis among adolescents -- United States, 1981-1991. MMWR 1993;42(No. SS-3):1-11.

CDC. Sentinel surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- United States, 1988-1991. MMWR 1993;42(No. SS-3):29-39.

CDC. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- Colorado and Washington, 1995. MMWR 1995;44:762-4.

Gershman KA, Barrow JC. A tale of two sexually transmitted diseases: prevalences and predictors of chlamydia and gonorrhea in women attending Colorado family planning clinics. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1996;23:481-8.

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

CDC. Hantavirus infection--Southwestern United States: interim recommendations for risk reduction. MMWR 1993;42(No. RR-11):1-12.

Khan AS, Khabbaz RF, Armstrong LR, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: the first 100 US cases. J Infect Dis 1996;173:1297-303.

Khan AS, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Lancet 1996;347:739-41.

Haemophilus influenzae, invasive

CDC. Recommendations for use of Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines and a combined diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and Haemophilus b vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1993;42 (No. RR-13).

Adams WG, Keaver KA, Cochi SL, et al. Decline of childhood Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in the Hib vaccine era. JAMA 1993;269:221-6.

CDC. Progress toward elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among infants and children--United States, 1993-1994. MMWR 1995;44:545-50.

Urwin G, Krohn JA, Deaver-Robinson K, et al. Invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae serogroup f: clinical and epidemiologic characteristics in the H. influenzae serotype b vaccine era. Clin Inf Dis 1996:22:1069-76.

Hansen Disease (leprosy)

Mastro TD, Redd SC, Breiman RF. Imported leprosy in the United States, 1978 through 1988; an epidemic without secondary transmission. Am J Public Health 1992;82:1127-30.

Noordeen SK. Epidemiology and control of leprosy--a review of progress over the last 30 years. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1993;87:515-7.

Smith PG. Recent trends in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and leprosy. Trop Geogr Med 1991 July;43(Suppl. 3):S22-S29.

Hepatitis

Alter MJ, Mares A, Hadler SC, Maynard JE. The effect of underreporting on the apparent incidence and epidemiology of acute viral hepatitis. Am J Epidemiol 1987;125:133-9.

CDC. Hepatitis surveillance report no. 56. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1996.

Hepatitis A

Shapiro CN, Coleman PJ, McQuillan GM, et al. Epidemiology of hepatitis A: seroepidemiology and risk groups in the U.S.A. Vaccine 1992;10(Suppl. 1):S59-S62.

Lemon SM, Shapiro CN. The value of immunization against hepatitis A. Infectious Agents and Disease 1994;1:38-49.

Hepatitis B

Margolis HS, Alter MJ, Hadler SC. Hepatitis B: evolving epidemiology and implications for control. Semin Liver Dis 1991;11:84-92.

Hepatitis, C/Non-A, non-B

Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the West. Seminars in Liver Disease 1995;15:5-14.

Alter MJ, Margolis HS, Krawczynski K, et al. The natural history of community-acquired hepatitis C in the United States. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1899-905.

Legionellosis

Jernigan DB, Hofmann J, Cetron MS, et al. Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease among cruise ship passengers exposed to a contaminated whirlpool spa. Lancet 1996;347:494-9.

Keller DW, Hajjeh R, DeMaria A Jr, et al. Community outbreak of Legionnaires' disease: an investigation confirming the potential for cooling towers to transmit legionella species. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:257-61.

Marston BJ, Lipman HB, Breiman RF. Surveillance for Legionnaires' disease: risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:2417-22.

Miller LA, Beebe JL, Butler JC, et al. Use of polymerase chain reaction in an epidemiologic investigation of Pontiac fever. J Infect Dis 1993;168:769-72.

Lyme disease

CDC. Lyme disease--United States, 1996. MMWR 1997;46:531-5.

CDC. Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme disease. MMWR 1995;44:590-1.

Dennis DT. Lyme disease. Dermatologic Clinics 1995;13:537-51.

Malaria

CDC. Local transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria--Houston, Texas, 1994. MMWR 1994; 44:295.

Lobel HO, Miani M, Eng T, Bernard KW, Hightower AW, Campbell CC. Long-term malaria prophylaxis with weekly mefloquine. Lancet 1993;341:848-51.

Zucker JR, Campbell CC. Malaria: principles of prevention and treatment. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1993;7:547-67.

Measles

CDC. Measles prevention: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. MMWR 1989;38(No. SS-9):1-18.

CDC. Measles--United States, 1996. MMWR 1997;46:242-6.

CDC. Measles--United States, 1995. MMWR 1996;45:305-7.

Meningococcal disease

CDC. Laboratory-based surveillance for meningococcal disease in selected areas--United States, 1989-1991. MMWR 1993;42(No. SS-2):2130.

CDC. Control and prevention of meningococcal disease and Control and prevention of serogroup C meningococcal disease: evaluation and management of suspected outbreaks--recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1997;46 (No. RR-5).

CDC. Serogroup Y meningococcal disease--Illinois, Connecticut, and selected areas, United States, 1989-1996. MMWR 1996;45(No. 46):1010-3.

Fischer M, Perkins BA. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B: emergence of the ET-5 complex. Sem Pediatr Infect Dis 1997:8:50-6.

Mumps

Briss PA, Fehrs LJ, Parker RA, et al. Sustained transmission of mumps in a highly vaccinated population: assessment of primary vaccine failure and waning vaccine-induced immunity. J Infect Dis 1994;169:77-82.

CDC. Mumps prevention. MMWR 1989;38:388-92,397-400.

CDC. Mumps surveillance -- United States, 1988-1993. MMWR 1995;44(No. SS-3):1-14.

Hersch BS, Fine PEM, Kent WK, et al. Mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated population. J Pediatr 1991;119:187-93.

Pertussis

CDC. Pertussis-United States, January 1992--June 1995. MMWR 1995;44:525-9.

CDC. Pertussis vaccination: use of acellular pertussis vaccines among infants and young children--recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1997;46(No. RR-7):1-25.

Guris D, Strebel PM, Tachdjian R, Bardenheier B, Wharton M, Hadler SC. Effectiveness of the pertussis vaccination program as determined by use of the screening method: United States, 1992--1994. J Inf Dis 1997;176.

Plague

Craven, RB, Barnes AM. Plague and tularemia. Infect Dis Clin North Am 199l;5:165-75.

Poland JD, Quan TJ, Barnes AM. Plague. In: CRC handbook series in zoonoses: Section A-- bacterial, rickettsial and mycotic diseases. Beran GW, ed. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida 1994,93-112.

Poliomyelitis

CDC. Poliomyelitis prevention in the United States: introduction of a sequential vaccination schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by oral poliovirus vaccine--recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1997;46(No. RR-3):1-25.

CDC. Paralytic poliomyelitis--United States, 1980-1994. MMWR 1997;46:79-83.

Prevots DR, Sutter RW, Strebel PM, Weibel RE, Cochi SL. Completeness of reporting for paralytic poliomyelitis, United States, 1980 through 1991. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994;148:479-85.

Strebel PM, Sutter RW, Cochi SL, et al. Epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the United States one decade after the last reported case of indigenous wild virus-associated disease. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:568-79.

Psittacosis

CDC. Human psittacosis linked to a bird distributor in Mississippi--Massachusetts and Tennessee, 1992. MMWR 1992;41:794-7.

Jorgensen DM. Gestational psittacosis in a Montana sheep rancher. Emerg Infect Dis 1997; 3:191-4.

National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians. Compendium of chlamydiosis (psittacosis) control, 1995. JAVMA 1995;206:1874-9.

Wong KH, Skelton SK, Daugharty H. Utility of complement fixation and microimmunofluorescence assays for detecting serologic responses in patients with clinically diagnosed psittacosis. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:2417-21

Rabies

CDC. Compendium of animal rabies control, 1997. MMWR 1997;46(No. RR-4).

CDC. Rabies prevention -- United States, 1991: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR 1991;40(No. RR-3).

Krebs JW, Strine TW, Smith JS, Noah DL, Rupprecht CE, Childs JE. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1995. JAVMA 1996;209:2031-44.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)

Dalton MJ, Clarke MJ, Holman RC, et al. National surveillance for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 1981--1992, epidemiologic summary and evaluation of risk factors for fatal outcome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995;52:405-13.

Woodward TE. Rocky Mountain spotted fever: epidemiological and early clinical signs are keys to treatment and reduced mortality. J Infect Dis 1984;150(4):465-8.

Salgo MP, Telzak EE, Currie B, et al. A focus of Rocky Mountain spotted fever within New York City. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1345-8.

Rubella

CDC. Rubella prevention: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR 1990;39(No. RR-15).

CDC. Outbreaks of rubella among the Amish--United States, 1991. MMWR 1991;40(16):264.

CDC. Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome--United States, January 1, 1991-May 7, 1994. MMWR 1994;43:391,397-401.

Lindegren ML, Fehrs LJ, Hadler SC, Hinman AR. Update: rubella and congenital rubella syndrome, 1980-1990. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:341-8.

Salmonellosis

Mahon BE, Ponka A, Hall WN, et al. An international outbreak of Salmonella infections caused by alfalfa sprouts grown from contaminated seeds. J Infect Dis 1997;175:876-82.

Mermin J, Hoar B, Angulo FJ. Iguanas and Salmonella Marina infection in children: a reflection of the incidence of reptile-associated salmonellosis in the United States. Pediatrics 1997;99:399-402.

CDC. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype Typhimurium -- United States, 1996. MMWR 1997;46:308-10.

Hennessy TW, Hedberg CW, Slutsker L, et al. A national outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infections from ice cream. New Engl J Med 1996;334:1281-6.

CDC. Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis infection associated with consumption of raw shell eggs -- United States, 1994-1995. MMWR 1996;45:737-42.

Shigellosis

Lee LA, Shapiro CN, Hargrett-Bean N, Tauxe RV. Hyperendemic shigellosis in the United States: a review of surveillance data for 1967--1988. J Infect Dis 1991;164:894-900.

Mohle-Boetani JC, Stapleton M, Finger R, et al. Communitywide shigellosis: control of an outbreak and risk factors in child day-care centers. Am J Public Health 1995;85:812-6.

Parsonnet J, Greene KD, Gerber AR, et al. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infections in U.S. travelers to Mexico. Lancet 1989:543-5.

Ries AA, Wells JG, Olivola D, et al. Epidemic Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in Burundi: panresistance and implications for prevention. J Infect Dis 1994;169:1035-41.

Syphilis

Thomas JC, Kulik AL, Schoenbach VJ. Syphilis in the south: rural rates in North Carolina. Am J Public Health 1995;85:1119-22.

St.Louis ME, Farley TA, Aral SO. Untangling the persistence of syphilis in the south. Sex Transm Dis 1996;23:1-4.

Nakashima AK, Rolfs RT, Flock ML, Kilmarx P, Greenspan JR. Epidemiology of syphilis in the United States, 1941-1993. Sex Transm Dis 1996;23:16-23.

CDC. Outbreak of primary and secondary syphilis -- Baltimore City, Maryland, 1995. MMWR 1996;45:166-9.

Syphilis Congenital

CDC. Guidelines for the prevention and control of congenital syphilis. MMWR 1988;37(No. S-1): 1-13.

CDC. Surveillance for geographic and secular trends in congenital syphilis -- United States, 1983-1991. MMWR 1993;42(No. SS-6):59-71.

Coles BF, Hipp SS, Silberstein GS, Chen JH. Congenital syphilis surveillance in upstate New York, 1989-1992: implications for prevention and clinical management. J Infect Dis. 1995;171: 732-5.

Risser WL, Hwang LY. Problems in the current case definitions of congenital syphilis. Journal of Pediatrics 1996;129:499-505.

Tetanus

Izurieta HS, Sutter RW, Strebel PM, Bardenheier, Prevots DR, Wharton M, Hadler SC. Tetanus surveillance-United States 1991-1994. MMWR 1997;46(No. SS-2): 15-25.

Gergen PJ, McQuillan GM, Kiely M, Ezzati-Rice TM, Sutter RW, Virella G. A population-based serologic survey of immunity to tetanus in the United States. N Engl J Med 1995;332:761-6.

Prevots R, Sutter R, Strebel PM, Cochi S, Hadler S. Tetanus surveillance--United States, 1989-1990. MMWR 1992;41(No. SS-8):1-9.

Sutter RW, Cochi SL, Brink EW, Sirotkin BI. Assessment of vital statistics and surveillance data for monitoring tetanus mortality, United States, 1979-1984. Am J Epidemiol;131:132-42.

Toxic-shock syndrome

CDC. Reduced incidence of menstrual toxic shock syndrome--United States, 1980-1990. MMWR 1990;39:421-3.

Gaventa S, Reingold AL, Hightower AW, et al. Active surveillance for toxic shock syndrome in the United States, 1986. Rev Infect Dis 1989;(suppl.):S28-S34.

Schuchat A, Broome CV. Toxic shock syndrome and tampons. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:99-112.

Trichinosis

CDC. Trichinosis surveillance--United States, 1987-1990. MMWR 1991;40(No. SS-3):35-42.

McAuley JB, Michelson MK, Hightower AW, Engeran S, Wintermeyer LA, Schantz PM. A trichinosis outbreak among Southeast Asian refugees. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:1404-10.

CDC. Outbreak of Trichinellosis associated with eating cougar jerky - Idaho, 1995. MMWR 1996; 45:205-6.

Schantz PM, Moore AC, Munoz JM, et al. Neurocysticercosis in an orthodox Jewish community in New York City. N Engl J Med 1992;327:692-5.

Tuberculosis

American Thoracic Society,CDC. Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:1359-74.

CDC. Recommendations for counting reported tuberculosis cases. In: Reported tuberculosis in the United States, 1996. July 1997:61-8.

CDC. Tuberculosis Morbidity--United States, 1996. MMWR 1997;46(30):695-700.

Typhoid fever

CDC. Typhoid immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR 1994;43(No. RR-14).

Woodruff BA, Pavia AT, Blake PA. A new look at typhoid vaccination: information for the practicing physician. JAMA 1991;265(6):756-9.

Mermin, JH, Townes JM, Gerber M, Dolan N, Mintz ED, Tauxe RV. Typhoid fever in the United States, 1985-1994:changing risks of international travel and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Arch Inter Med; 1997: (in press).

Varicella

CDC. Varicella-related deaths among adults -- United States, 1997. MMWR 1997;46:409-12.

CDC. Prevention of varicella. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1996;45 (No. RR-11):1-36.

Plotkin, SA. Varicella vaccine. [Commentary] Pediatrics 1996;97:251-3.

White CJ. Varicella-zoster virus vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:753-63.


 


 



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