Volume 8, Number 3, March 2002

Research

The Relationship between Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Europe

Stef L.A.M. Bronzwaer,* Otto Cars,† Udo Buchholz,* Sigvard Mölstad,‡ Wim Goettsch,* Irene K. Veldhuijzen,* Jacob L. Kool,* Marc J.W. Sprenger,* John E. Degener,§ and participants in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System
*National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; †Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; ‡The Nepi Foundation, Malmö, Sweden; and §Groningen University Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands

Figure 2. The logodds of resistance to penicillin among invasive isolates of Streptoccus pneumoniae (PNSP; ln(R/[1-R])) is regressed against outpatient sales of beta-lactam antibiotics in 11 European countries; antimicrobial resistance data are from 1998 to 1999 and antibiotic sales data are from 1997. DDD = defined daily dose; BE = Belgium; DE = Germany; FI = Finland; IE = Ireland; IT = Italy; LU = Luxembourg; NL = the Netherlands; PT = Portugal; ES = Spain; Se = Sweden; UK = United Kingdom.

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This page last reviewed June 21, 2002

Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal
National Center for Infectious Diseases
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