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Research
Host Range and Emerging and
Reemerging Pathogens
Mark E.J. Woolhouse*
and Sonya Gowtage-Sequeria*
*Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom
Appendix
Human pathogen species regarded as emerging or reemerging (5 pathogen
groups: viruses and prions; bacteria
and rickettsia; fungi; protozoa;
and helminths)
Viruses and prions
Andes
Australian bat lyssavirus
B19
Bagaza
Banna
Barmah Forest
California encephalitis
Cercopithecine herpes
Chikungunya
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Dengue
Eastern equine encephalitis
Tickborne encephalitis
Guama
Guanarito
Hantaan
Hendra
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis G
Human astrovirus
Human enterovirus B
Human herpesvirus 1
Human herpesvirus 2
Human herpesvirus 3
Human herpesvirus 5
Human herpesvirus 8
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Human immunodeficiency virus 2
Human papillomavirus
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
Human T-lymphotropic virus 2
Influenza A
Japanese encephalitis
Junin
Kyasanur Forest disease
Laguna Negra
Lassa
Machupo
Marburg virus
Mayaro
Measles
Menangle
Monkeypox
Murray Valley encephalitis
Nipah
Norwalk
O'nyong-nyong
Oropouche
Picobirnavirus
Poliovirus
Puumala
Rabies
Reston Ebola
Rift Valley fever
Ross River
Rotavirus A
Rotavirus B
Rotavirus C
Sabia
Salehabad
Sandfly fever Naples
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Seoul
Sin Nombre
Sindbis
St. Louis encephalitis
Venezuelan equine encephalitis
Wesselsbron
West Nile
Western equine encephalitis
Yellow fever
Zaire Ebola
Zika
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent
Bacteria and rickettsia
Aeromonas caviae
A. hydrophila
A. veronii (var. sobria)
Anaplasma phagocytophila
Bacillus anthracis
Bordetella pertussis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Brucella melitensis
Campylobacter fetus
C. jejuni
Chlamydia trachomatis
Clostridium botulinum
C. difficile
Corynebacterium amycolatum
C. diphtheriae
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
E. ewingii
Enterococcus faecalis
E. faecium
Escherichia coli
Francisella tularensis
Haemophilus ducreyi
H. influenzae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
Leptospira interrogans
Listeria monocytogenes
Mycobacterium avium
M. bovis
M. fortuitum
M. haemophilum
M. leprae
M. marinum
M. tuberculosis
M. ulcerans
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
N. meningitides
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Rickettsia prowazekii
Salmonella enteritidis
S. typhi
S. typhimurium
Serratia marcescens
Shigella dysenteriae
Staphylococcus aureus
S. epidermidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
S. pyogenes
Treponema pallidum
Vibrio cholerae
V. parahaemolyticus
V. vulnificus
Yersinia enterocolitica
Y. pestis
Fungi
Aspergillus fumigatus
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Candida albicans
Candida glabrata
C. krusei
Coccidioides immitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Fusarium moniliforme
F. oxysporum
F. solani
Histoplasma capsulatum
Malassezia pachydermatis
Penicillium marneffei
Pneumocystis carinii
Scedosporium prolificans
Trichosporon beigelii
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
E. hellem
E. intestinalis
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Nosema connori
Trachipleistophora hominis
Protozoa
Babesia microti
Cryptosporidium hominis
C. parvum
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Giardia duodenalis
Isospora belli
Leishmania donovani
L. infantum
Plasmodium falciparum
P. vivax
Toxoplasma gondii
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma brucei
T. cruzi
Helminths
Anisakis simplex
Echinococcus granulosus
Loa loa
Metorchis conjunctus
Onchocerca volvulus
Schistosoma mansoni
Strongyloides stercoralis
Taenia solium
Trichinella spiralis
Wuchereria bancrofti
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