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Figure 3. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochrondrial (mt) DNA from
nonhuman primates and humans. mtDNA was amplified and sequenced from the
simian foamy virus–infected person (BH66), 2 human controls (Hu702 and
Hu715), M. mulatta (Rh15454, 18511,18512, 18513,18514,18515,
11363, 9649), M. fascicularis (BP2, 4, 5, 6), M.
nemestrina (P46), M. tonkeana (P18,39,40), M.
maura (P44, 73), M. nigra (P79, M1); M. nigrescens
(M27, 28), and M. hecki (M7). The mtDNA tree was created
with the neighbor-joining method with the Phylip program (DNAdist; Neighbor).
Bootstrap replicates were 1,000. Bootstrap values were calculated by using
Seqboot, DNAdist, Neighbor, and Consense (PHYLIP programs). Bootstrap
values >60% are shown. The mtDNA tree was plotted in Treeview. This
analysis suggests that BH66 was of human origin. Although the phylogenetic
tree constructed with mtDNA from a variety of monkey samples can be used
to distinguish human from monkey mtDNA, a large number of nuclear mtDNA
sequences, have evolved as pseudogenes (36).
These sequences can be highly divergent from mtDNA and resulted in some
ambiguity as mtDNA amplified from several monkeys did not group with other
members of the same species. Because of the nature and variability of
these sequences, definitive conclusions about mtDNA phylogenies could
not be determined; however, mtDNA trees were still useful for determining
the origin of mtDNA material.
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