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Volume 12, Number 3, March 2006

Self-medication with Antimicrobial Drugs in Europe

Larissa Grigoryan,* Flora M. Haaijer-Ruskamp,* Johannes G.M. Burgerhof,* Reli Mechtler,† Reginald Deschepper,‡ Arjana Tambic-Andrasevic,§ Retnosari Andrajati,¶ Dominique L. Monnet,# Robert Cunney,** Antonella Di Matteo,†† Hana Edelstein,‡‡ Rolanda Valinteliene,§§ Alaa Alkerwi,¶¶ Elizabeth A. Scicluna,## Pawel Grzesiowski,*** Ana-Claudia Bara,††† Thomas Tesar,‡‡‡ Milan Cizman,§§§ Jose Campos,¶¶¶ Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg,### and Joan Birkin****
*University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; †University of Linz, Linz, Austria; ‡Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; §University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia; ¶Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; #Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; **Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland; ††Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy; ‡‡Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; §§Institute of Hygiene, Vilnius, Lithuania; ¶¶Directorate of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; ##St Luke's Hospital, G'Mangia, Malta; ***National Institute of Public Health, Warsaw, Poland; †††Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany; ‡‡‡Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; §§§University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia; ¶¶¶Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ###Karolinska Institutet, Göteborg, Sweden; and ****Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom

 
 
Figure 1.
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Figure 1. Prevalence of actual self-medication by symptoms or diseases classified by International Classification of Primary Care codes (rates pre 1,000 respondents and 95% confidence iinterval). *Symptoms or diseases with rates <1 per 1,000 respondents, including eye infection, pain, prostatitis, urogenital infection, headache, and "bad health."

 

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This page last reviewed February 16, 2006

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