Norovirus

Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities – report containing recommendations to prevent environment-associated infections in health-care facilities

Norovirus in Healthcare Facilities Fact Sheet – fact sheet about noroviruses in healthcare facilities

Outbreak Prevention and Response Protocol (OPRP) Guidelines – information for developing OPRP guidelines

Passenger behaviors during norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships [PDF - 72 KB] – findings relating to the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people who are ill with norovirus GI illness compared to those who remained well during an outbreak

Norovirus Outbreaks and Activity - MMWR articles

• An Outbreak of Norovirus Gastroenteritis at a Swimming Club — Vermont, 2004
• Brief Report: Gastroenteritis Among Attendees at a Summer Camp — Wyoming, June--July 2006
• Multistate Outbreak of Norovirus Gastroenteritis Among Attendees at a Family Reunion — Grant County, West Virginia, October 2006
• Norovirus Activity — United States, 2006--2007
• Norovirus Outbreak Among Evacuees from Hurricane Katrina — Houston, Texas, September 2005
• Norovirus Outbreak Associated with Ill Food-Service Workers — Michigan, January--February 2006
• Norovirus Outbreak in an Elementary School — District of Columbia, February 2007
• Norwalk-like Viruses: Public Health Consequences and Outbreak Management
• Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis Associated with Noroviruses on Cruise Ships — United States, 2002

Respiratory and Enteric Diseases: Norovirus – links to information about noroviruses

• Norovirus Q & A
• Norovirus Technical Fact Sheet
• Norovirus and Foodhandlers

The Vessel Sanitation Program – assists the cruise ship industry to prevent and control the introduction, transmission, and spread of gastrointestinal illnesses (GI) on cruise ships

• Facts About Noroviruses on Cruise Ships – information about noroviruses on cruise ships
• Surveillance and Outbreak Information – links to information about norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships

Viral Gastroenteritis – information about viral gastroenteritis

Links to information from outside CDC

25- to 30-nm Virus Particle Associated with a Hospital Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis With Evidence for Airborne Transmission (PubMed) – abstract about an outbreak of acute, nonbacterial gastroenteritis in a Toronto, Ontario, hospital between November 1 and 22, 1985

A School Outbreak of Norwalk-like Virus: Evidence for Airborne Transmission (PubMed) – abstract about an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a school attended by children aged 4–11 years

Checklist for Schools When Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis Are Suspected [PDF - 20 KB] (Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services) – actions to perform after the initial identification of gastrointestinal infections in schools

Evidence for Airborne Transmission of Norwalk-like Virus (NLV) in a Hotel Restaurant [PDF - 159 KB] (Marks et al.) – report about an outbreak of gastroenteritis following a meal in a large hotel

Guidelines and Requirements for Safe Handling of Drinking Water, Ice and Dispensers [PDF - 22 KB] (Maricopa County, Arizona) – safe handling of drinking water, ice, and dispensers

Human Enteric Viruses as Causes of Foodborne Disease [PDF - 280 KB] – article reviews the agents, transmission routes, epidemiology, persistence, diagnosis, and detection of foodborne viruses and their diseases

Nevada Norovirus Summit, 2004 [PDF - 145 KB] (Clark County Health District, Nevada) – presentation about a norovirus training DVD

Norovirus (Alaska Division of Environmental Health) – links to information about noroviruses

Norovirus (National Park Service) – information about noroviruses

Norovirus "Hands On" Training [PDF - 95 KB] (Branson Health Department, Missouri) – training scenario of what to do if you suspect an outbreak of norovirus at a water park

Norovirus (Norwalk-like Virus, Small Round Structured Virus/SRSV) (Health Protection Agency, London) – information about norovirus

• Guidance on Infection Control in Schools and other Child Care Settings – table showing illnesses and recommended periods of confinement
• Management of hospital outbreaks of gastro-enteritis due to small round structured viruses – report of the Public Health Laboratory Service Viral Gastro-enteritis Working Group

Norwalk-Like Viruses [PDF - 64 KB] (Oregon Department of Human Services) – article about Norwalk-like viruses.

Persistent Infectious Agents [PDF - 56 KB] (World Health Organization) – document about infectious agents that have the ability to persist in the environment long enough that an environmental surface (or transmission through air) can lead to transfer indirectly from one person to another readily enough that an outbreak can occur

Selected References Norovirus and Disinfectants [PDF - 60 KB] – document containing abstracts of selected references on norovirus and disinfectants.

Transmission of Norwalk Virus During a Football Game (Becker et al.) – abstract about an investigation of diarrhea and vomiting in members the visiting team during a college game and in some players of the home team the next day

Widespread outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis among evacuees of Hurricane Katrina residing in a large “megashelter” in Houston, Texas: lessons learned for prevention [PDF - 515 KB] – investigation underscoring the difficulties in managing such outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis in crowded settings and the need for rapid, sensitive laboratory assays to detect norovirus

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