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References

 

Epidemiology and Surveillance

• CDC.  [Increasing incidence of] Legionellosis in the United States, 2000-2009.  MMWR 2011;60:1083-1086.
• CDC. Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks and other health events associated with recreational water—United States, 2007-2008. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2011;60:1-32.
• CDC. Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks associated with drinking water—United States, 2007-2008. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2011;60:38-68.
• Neil K. and Berkelman R.  Increasing incidence of legionellosis in the United States, 1990-2005: changing epidemiologic trends.  Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:591-9.
• CDC. Surveillance for travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease -- United States, 2005-2006.  MMWR 2007;56(48):1261-1263.
• Fields BS, Benson RF, Besser RE.  Legionella and Legionnaires' disease: 25 years of investigation. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:506-26.
• Benin AL, Benson RF, Arnold KE, et al.  An outbreak of travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever: the need for enhanced surveillance of travel-associated legionellosis. J Infect Dis 2002;185:237-243.
• Benin AL, Benson RF, Besser RE.  Trends in Legionnaires’ disease, 1980-1998: declining mortality and new patterns of diagnosis. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:1039-46.
• Kool JL, Fiore AE, Kioski CM, et al.  More than 10 years of unrecognized nosocomial transmission of Legionnaires’ disease among transplant patients. Infect Ctrl and Hosp Epi 1998;19:898-904.
• Lepine LA, Jernigan DB, Butler JC, et al.  A recurrent outbreak of nosocomial Legionnaires’ disease detected by urinary antigen testing: evidence for long-term colonization of a hospital plumbing system. Infect Ctrl and Hosp Epi 1998;19:905-910.

Laboratory and Environment

• Burnsed LJ, Hicks LA, Smithee LM, et al.  A large, travel-associated outbreak of legionellosis among hotel guests: utility of the urine antigen assay in confirming Pontiac fever. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:222-8.
• Moore MR, Pryor M, Fields B, et al.  Introduction of monochloramine into a municipal water system: impact on colonization of buildings by Legionella spp.  Appl Environ Microbiol 2006;72: 378-383.
• Kohler RB, Winn Jr. WC, Wheat LJ.  Onset and duration of urinary antigen excretion in Legionnaires’ disease. J Clin Microbiol 1984;20:605-7.

Guidelines

• Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44 Suppl 2:S27-72.
• CDC.  Guidelines for preventing health-care-associated pneumonia, 2003: recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR 2004;53(RR03):1-36.
• CDC.  Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities: recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR 2003;52(RR10):1-42. [Also available as printer-friendly version PDF 1.36MB, 249 pages.]
• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ASHRAE Guideline 12-2000: Minimizing the risk of legionellosis associated with building water systems. 2000.

 

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