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Pediatric HIV Surveillance (through 2009)
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Instructions for downloading and using HIV/AIDS surveillance slides.

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Slide 1: Pediatric HIV Surveillance
Slide 1
Pediatric HIV Surveillance
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Slide 2: Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Children Aged <13 Years, by Age at Diagnosis, 2006–2009—40 States and 5 U.S. Dependent Areas During 2006 through 2009 in the 40 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006, approximately 42% of children (<13 years of age) diagnosed with HIV infection were diagnosed within the first year of life, and 37% within the first 6 months. This distribution could change if more HIV-infected childbearing women become aware of their HIV status and seek medical care early in their pregnancy.   The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The 5 U.S. dependent areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.   Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Slide 2
Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Children Aged <13 Years, by Age at Diagnosis, 2006–2009—40 States and 5 U.S. Dependent Areas
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Slide 3: Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Children Aged <13 Years, by Race/Ethnicity, 2006–2009—40 States and 5 U.S. Dependent Areas HIV disproportionately affects black/African American children in the United States. During 2006 through 2009 in the 40 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006, over 60% of diagnosed HIV infections in children less than 13 years of age each year were in blacks/African Americans. The proportion of diagnoses in black/African American children increased from 64% in 2006 to 77% in 2009. Diagnoses among children of all other races/ethnicities remained relatively stable during this time. The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The 5 U.S. dependent areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.   Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.   Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
Slide 3
Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Children Aged <13 Years, by Race/Ethnicity, 2006–2009—40 States and 5 U.S. Dependent Areas
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Slide 4: Diagnoses of HIV Infection and Population in Children <13 Years of Age, by Race/Ethnicity, 2009—40 States The pie chart on the left illustrates the distribution of diagnoses of HIV infection in 2009 among children aged less than 13 years by race/ethnicity in the 40 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006. The pie chart on the right shows the population distribution of children aged less than 13 years by race/ethnicity in the 40 states during 2009. In 2009, blacks/African Americans made up approximately 15% of the population of children in the 40 states but accounted for 77% of diagnoses of HIV infection. Hispanics/Latinos made up 20% of the population of children in the 40 states but accounted for only 14% of HIV/AIDS diagnoses of HIV infection. Whites made up 58% of the population of children of the 40 states but accounted for only 7% of diagnoses of HIV infection in children. The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
Slide 4
Diagnoses of HIV Infection and Population in Children <13 Years of Age, by Race/Ethnicity, 2009—40 States
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Slide 5: Rates (per 100,000 Live Births) of Diagnosed Perinatally Acquired HIV Infections, by Year of Birth and Race/Ethnicity, 2006–2008—40 States This slide displays estimated rates (per 100,000 live births) of diagnoses of HIV infection among black/African American, Hispanic/Latino and white perinatally infected children from 2006 through 2008 in the 40 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006. Black/African American children had the highest rate per 100,000 live births each year, though the rate decreased from 14.2 in 2006 to 8.2 in 2008. The rates for Hispanics/Latinos and whites remained stable during this time.   The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
Slide 5
Rates (per 100,000 Live Births) of Diagnosed Perinatally Acquired HIV Infections, by Year of Birth and Race/Ethnicity, 2006–2008—40 States
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Slide 6: Time of Antiretroviral (ARV) Treatment in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women or Perinatally Exposed Infants, Birth Years 2006–2009—40 States In April 1994, the Public Health Service released guidelines for the use of Zidovudine (ZDV) to reduce perinatal HIV transmission; in 1995, recommendations for HIV counseling and voluntary testing for pregnant women were published, and in 2002 recommendations on the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in pregnant, HIV-infected women were updated.   This slide displays the time that ARV treatment was administered (to HIV-infected mothers during pregnancy, to HIV-infected mothers at labor and delivery, and/or to exposed infants after birth), for infant birth years during 2006 through 2009 in the 40 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006. CDC recommends treatment during all 3 stages (or “arms”), though not all mothers receive treatment at each stage. The data displayed here indicate an increase in the percentage of mother-infant pairs that received all three arms of treatment, from approximately 41% in 2006 to 52% in 2009. For each of these birth years, between 22% and 27% of mother-infant pairs received two arms of treatment The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Exposure data were not available from 3 of these states (Maine, North Dakota, and South Dakota).
Slide 6
Time of Antiretroviral (ARV) Treatment in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women or Perinatally Exposed Infants, Birth Years 2006–2009—40 States
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Slide 7: HIV Diagnostic Outcomes among Infants, by Time of Antiretroviral (ARV) Treatment, Birth Years 2006–2009—40 States Since 1994, the percentage of perinatally HIV-exposed infants who received Zidovudine (ZDV) or other antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, or whose mother had received ZDV or other ARVs has increased markedly. This increase in ARV treatment, including receipt by the mother during the prenatal or the intrapartum period and receipt by the neonate, has been accompanied by a decrease in the number of perinatally HIV-infected children and is responsible for the dramatic decline in perinatally acquired HIV infection. This slide presents HIV diagnostic outcomes for infants born to HIV-infected mothers during birth years 2006-2009 in the 40 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006, stratified by the time that ARV treatment was administered (to HIV-infected mothers during pregnancy, to HIV-infected mothers at labor and delivery, and/or to exposed infants after birth). Regardless of time of ARV treatment, 3.6% of all infants born to HIV-infected mothers during 2006-2009 became HIV infected. The highest percentages of HIV infections in infants were among those where ARV was given to the infant after birth only (mother did not receive ARV treatment during pregnancy or during labor and delivery)—7.1% of infants were infected in this category—and among those with no known ARV treatment during any of the 3 stages—7.8% of infants were infected in this category. The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Exposure data were not available from 3 of these states (Maine, North Dakota, and South Dakota).
Slide 7
HIV Diagnostic Outcomes among Infants, by Time of Antiretroviral (ARV) Treatment, Birth Years 2006–2009—40 States
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Slide 8: Time of Maternal HIV Testing among Infants with Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection, Birth Years 2006–2009—40 States It is important for HIV-infected pregnant women to know their HIV infection status in order to make informed decisions about antiretroviral therapy to reduce perinatal transmission of HIV to their infants. The Public Health Service recommends that all pregnant women be offered HIV counseling and voluntary HIV tests. Among the 365 children born during 2006-2009 in the 40 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006 who were perinatally infected with HIV, 39% were born to a mother who was tested before pregnancy, 27% were born to a mother who was tested during pregnancy, and 10% to a mother tested at the time of birth. An additional 14% of children with HIV infection were born to mothers tested after the child’s birth. The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Slide 8
 Time of Maternal HIV Testing among Infants with Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection, Birth Years 2006–2009—40 States
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Slide 9: Perinatally Acquired HIV Infections in Children Born During 2009—40 States and 5 U.S. Dependent Areas N=67 In 2009, a total of 67 diagnoses of HIV infection were made among children who acquired the infection perinatally in the 40 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006. New York and Florida reported the largest numbers of diagnoses. Twenty-eight areas (23 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas) did not report any pediatric HIV infection diagnoses.   The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The 5 U.S. dependent areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.    Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Slide 9
Perinatally Acquired HIV Infections in Children Born During 2009—40 States and 5 U.S. Dependent Areas
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Slide 10: Persons Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection, Year-end 2008—40 States and 5 U.S. Dependent Areas N=9,129 As of December 31, 2008, an estimated 9,129 persons with perinatally acquired HIV infection were living in the 40 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006. New York and Florida had the largest numbers of persons living. American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, North Dakota, Wyoming, and Maine had the fewest.   The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The 5 U.S. dependent areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.   Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. Data reflect all persons with perinatally acquired HIV infection living at the end of 2008, regardless of age (children, adolescents, and adults).   All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Slide 10
Persons Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection, Year-end 2008—40 States and 5 U.S. Dependent Areas
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Slide 11: AIDS Diagnoses among Perinatally Infected Persons, 1985–2009—United States and Dependent Areas This slide presents trends from 1985 through 2009 in the estimated numbers of AIDS diagnoses among persons who were perinatally infected in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. dependent areas. The blue line shows the annual numbers of perinatally infected children who were diagnosed with AIDS when they were less than 13 years of age; the pink line shows the annual numbers of persons who were infected with HIV perinatally and were diagnosed with AIDS at the age of 13 or older. As the pink line shows, the number of perinatally infected persons aging to adolescence and adulthood before being diagnosed with AIDS is increasing gradually. This may be an indication of successful treatment and care.   All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Slide 11
AIDS Diagnoses among Perinatally Infected Persons, 1985–2009—United States and Dependent Areas
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Slide 12: AIDS Diagnoses among Children Aged <13 Years, by Race/Ethnicity, 1985–2009—United States and Dependent Areas Black/African American children are disproportionately affected by AIDS compared to children of other races and ethnicities. This slide presents data from 1985 through 2009 for the estimated numbers AIDS diagnoses among children aged less than 13 years in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. dependent areas. Although the percentages of AIDS diagnoses among children has varied over the years for each race/ethnicity, the percentage of black/African American children diagnosed with AIDS has been consistently higher than that of any other race/ethnicity.   All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Slide 12
AIDS Diagnoses among Children Aged <13 Years, by Race/Ethnicity, 1985–2009—United States and Dependent Areas
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Slide 13: Rates of Perinatally Infected Persons Living with an AIDS Diagnosis, Year-end 2008—United States and Dependent Areas N=4,925 As of December 31, 2008, an estimated 4,925 persons who were perinatally infected were living with an AIDS diagnosis in the 50 states, the District of Columbia and the 5 U.S. dependent areas. The overall rate of perinatally infected persons living with AIDS was 9.1 per 100,000 population. Rates were highest in the District of Columbia, New York, Florida and Puerto Rico.   The District of Columbia is a metropolitan area; use caution when comparing the estimated rate of persons living with an AIDS diagnosis in D.C. to the rates in states.   Data reflect all persons with perinatally acquired infection living with AIDS at the end of 2008, regardless of age (children, adolescents, and adults). All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Slide 13
Rates of Perinatally Infected Persons Living with an AIDS Diagnosis, Year-end 2008—United States and Dependent Areas
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Last Modified: July 14, 2011
Last Reviewed: July 14, 2011
Content Source:
Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention
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